438 research outputs found
Global spiral modes in multi-component disks
We performed two-dimensional non-linear hydrodynamical simulations of
two-component gravitating disks aimed at studying stability properties of these
systems. In agreement with previous analytical and numerical simulations, we
find that the cold gas component strongly affects the growth rates of the
unstable global spiral modes in the disk. Already a five percent admixture of
cold gas increases approximately two-fold the growth rate of the most unstable
global mode while a twenty percent gas admixture enhances the modal growth rate
by a factor of four. The local stability properties of a two-component disk
coupled by self-gravity are governed by a stability criterion similar to
Toomre's Q-parameter derived for one-component systems. Using numerical
simulations, we analyse the applicability of a two-component local stability
criterion for the analysis of the stability properties of global modes. The
comparison of non-linear simulations with the analytical stability criterion
shows that the two-component disks can be globally unstable while being stable
to the local perturbations. The minimum value of the local stability criterion
provides, however, a rough estimate of the global stability properties of
two-component systems. We find that two-component systems with a content of
cold gas of ten percent or less are globally stable, if the minimum value of
the stability parameter exceeds about 2.5.Comment: 7 pages, with 8 postscript figures, accepted for publication by
Astronomy & Astrophysic
Global Spiral Modes in NGC 1566: Observations and Theory
We present an observational and theoretical study of the spiral structure in
galaxy NGC 1566. A digitized image of NGC 1566 in I-band was used for
measurements of the radial dependence of amplitude variations in the spiral
arms. We use the known velocity dispersion in the disk of NGC 1566, together
with its rotation curve, to construct linear and 2D nonlinear simulations which
are then compared with observations. A two-armed spiral is the most unstable
linear global mode in the disk of NGC 1566. The nonlinear simulations are in
agreement with the results of the linear modal analysis, and the theoretical
surface amplitude and the velocity residual variations across the spiral arms
are in qualitative agreement with the observations. The spiral arms found in
the linear and nonlinear simulations are considerably shorter than those
observed in the disk of NGC 1566. We argue therefore, that the surface density
distribution in the disk of the galaxy NGC 1566 was different in the past, when
spiral structure in NGC 1566 was linearly growing.Comment: 41 pages, 20 figures, to be published in the Astrophysical Journa
Shape and orientation of stellar velocity ellipsoids in spiral galaxies
We present a numerical study of the properties of the stellar velocity
distribution in stellar discs which have developed a saturated, two-armed
spiral structure. We follow the growth of the spiral structure deeply into the
non-linear regime by solving the Boltzmann moment equations up to second order.
By adopting the thin-disc approximation, we restrict our study of the stellar
velocity distribution to the plane of the stellar disc. We find that the outer
(convex) edges of stellar spiral arms are characterized by peculiar properties
of the stellar velocity ellipsoids, which make them distinct from most other
galactic regions. In particular, the ratio \sigma_1:\sigma_2 of the smallest
versus largest principal axes of the stellar velocity ellipsoid can become
abnormally small (as compared to the rest of the disc) near the outer edges of
spiral arms. Moreover, the epicycle approximation fails to reproduce the ratio
of the tangential versus radial velocity dispersions in these regions. These
peculiar properties of the stellar velocity distribution are caused by
large-scale non-circular motions of stars, which in turn are triggered by the
non-axisymmetric gravitational field of stellar spiral arms. The magnitude of
the vertex deviation appears to correlate globally with the amplitude of the
spiral stellar density perturbations. However, locally there is no simple
correlation between the vertex deviation and the density perturbations.
(Abstract abridged).Comment: 16 pages, 18 figures, Accepted for publication in MNRA
Monte Carlo simulation of virtual Compton scattering below pion threshold
This paper describes the Monte Carlo simulation developed specifically for
the VCS experiments below pion threshold that have been performed at MAMI and
JLab. This simulation generates events according to the (Bethe-Heitler + Born)
cross section behaviour and takes into account all relevant
resolution-deteriorating effects. It determines the `effective' solid angle for
the various experimental settings which are used for the precise determination
of photon electroproduction absolute cross section.Comment: 24 pages, 6 figures, to be published in Nuclear Instruments and
Methods in Physics Research, A One author adde
Putative spin-nematic phase in BaCdVO(PO)
We report neutron scattering and AC magnetic susceptibility measurements of
the 2D spin-1/2 frustrated magnet BaCdVO(PO). At temperatures well
below , we show that only 34 % of the spin moment orders
in an up-up-down-down strip structure. Dominant magnetic diffuse scattering and
comparison to published sr measurements indicates that the remaining 66 %
is fluctuating. This demonstrates the presence of strong frustration,
associated with competing ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions, and
points to a subtle ordering mechanism driven by magnon interactions. On
applying magnetic field, we find that at K the magnetic order vanishes
at 3.8 T, whereas magnetic saturation is reached only above 4.5 T. We argue
that the putative high-field phase is a realization of the long-sought
bond-spin-nematic state
Are galactic disks dynamically influenced by dust?
Dynamically cold components are well known to destabilize hotter, even much
more massive components. In this paper we studied the dynamical influence of a
cold dust component on the gaseous phase in the central regions of galactic
disks. We performed two-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations for flat
multi-component disks embedded in a combined static stellar and dark matter
potential. The pressure-free dust component is coupled to the gas by a drag
force depending on their velocity difference.
It turned out that the most unstable regions are those with either a low or
near to minimum Toomre parameter or with rigid rotation, i.e. the central area.
In that regions the dust-free disks become most unstable for high azimuthal
modes (m~8), whereas in dusty disks all modes have a similar amplitude
resulting in a patchy appearance. The structures in the dust have a larger
contrast between arm and inter-arm regions than those of the gas. The dust
peaks are frequently correlated with peaks of the gas distribution, but they do
not necessarily coincide with them. Therefore, a large scatter in the
dust-to-gas ratios is expected. The appearance of the dust is more cellular
(i.e. sometimes connecting different spiral features), whereas the gas is
organized in a multi-armed spiral structure.
An admixture of 2% dust destabilizes gaseous disks substantially, whereas
dust-to-gas ratios below 1% have no influence on the evolution of the gaseous
disk. For a high dust-to-gas ratio of 10% the instabilities reach a saturation
level already after 30 Myr.Comment: 21 pages including 24 figures (some figures degraded in quality), in
press in Astronomy & Astrophysics 418, 959(2004), A&A version available at
http://www.edpsciences.org/articles/aa/full/2004/18/aa0047/aa0047.htm
Low-energy Pion-nucleon Scattering
This paper contains the results of an analysis of recent low-energy
pion-nucleon scattering experiments. Obtained are phase shifts, the
pion-nucleon coupling constant and an estimate of the Sigma term.Comment: 30 pages, 11 figures, LaTe
Random walks and polymers in the presence of quenched disorder
After a general introduction to the field, we describe some recent results
concerning disorder effects on both `random walk models', where the random walk
is a dynamical process generated by local transition rules, and on `polymer
models', where each random walk trajectory representing the configuration of a
polymer chain is associated to a global Boltzmann weight. For random walk
models, we explain, on the specific examples of the Sinai model and of the trap
model, how disorder induces anomalous diffusion, aging behaviours and Golosov
localization, and how these properties can be understood via a strong disorder
renormalization approach. For polymer models, we discuss the critical
properties of various delocalization transitions involving random polymers. We
first summarize some recent progresses in the general theory of random critical
points : thermodynamic observables are not self-averaging at criticality
whenever disorder is relevant, and this lack of self-averaging is directly
related to the probability distribution of pseudo-critical temperatures
over the ensemble of samples of size . We describe the
results of this analysis for the bidimensional wetting and for the
Poland-Scheraga model of DNA denaturation.Comment: 17 pages, Conference Proceedings "Mathematics and Physics", I.H.E.S.,
France, November 200
Soft tissue damage after minimally invasive THA: A comparison of 5 approaches
Methods 5 surgeons each performed a total hip arthroplasty on 5 fresh frozen cadaver hips, using either a MIS anterior, MIS anterolateral, MIS 2-incision, MIS posterior, or lateral transgluteal approach. Postoperatively, the hips were dissected and muscle damage color-stained. We measured proportional muscle damage relative to the midsubstance cross-sectional surface area (MCSA) using computerized color detection. The integrity of external rotator muscles, nerves, and ligaments was assessed by direct observation. Results None of the other MIS approaches resulted in less gluteus medius muscle damage than the lateral transgluteal approach. However, the MIS anterior approach completely preserved the gluteus medius muscle in 4 cases while partial damage occurred in 1 case. Furthermore, the superior gluteal nerve was transected in 4 cases after a MIS anterolateral approach and in 1 after the lateral transgluteal approach. The lateral femoral cutaneous nerve was transected once after both the MIS anterior approach and the MIS 2-incision approach. Interpretation The MIS anterior approach may preserve the gluteus medius muscle during total hip arthroplasty, but with a risk of damaging the lateral femoral cutaneous nerv
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