El efecto de los consorcios micorrícicos y el tipo de fertilización en la calidad de plántulas en un vivero del árbol Ramón (Brosimum alicastrum Swartz) en Campeche, México

The forest species Brosimum alicastrum is naturally distributed in the absence of silvicultural management. Because of its high potential for animal and human food, its demand has increased, and with it the need to generate research on its propagation in nurseries. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of different mycorrhizal consortia and the type of fertilization on the quality of seedlings produced by seed in the nursery. Factor treatments of five levels of mycorrhizae (commercial, Hopelchén, Conkal, Ramón, and without mycorrhiza), two types of fertilizers (osmocote®, and bio2®), and one control treatment (without mycorrhiza and fertilizer) were evaluated. The main variables evaluated were aerial and radical dry weight as indicators of seedling quality. Fertilization improved the quality of the seedlings, while the mycorrhizal consortium and the association of these with the fertilizer were not significant. The quality of the plants was better in those treatments that included organic fertilizers and for the control treatment. It was also found that the species does not tolerate the acidic pH of the factors used in its propagation. Until now, the effect of mycorrhizae on the quality of nursery seedlings has not been documented for this species. Therefore, these results can help improve the quality of nursery seedlings of a species with recent economic potential.La especie forestal Brosimum alicastrum se distribuye de manera natural en ausencia de un manejo silvícola. Por su alto potencial para la alimentación animal y humana, su demanda se ha incrementado y, con ello, la necesidad de generar investigación sobre su propagación en los viveros. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el efecto de diferentes consorcios micorrícicos y del tipo de fertilización en la calidad de plántula producida mediante semilla en vivero. Se evaluaron tratamientos factoriales de cinco niveles de micorrizas (comercial, Hopelchén, Conkal, Ramón y sin micorriza), dos tipos de fertilizantes (Osmocote®, y Bio2®) y un tratamiento control (sin micorriza y sin fertilizante). Las principales variables evaluadas fueron peso seco aéreo y radical como indicadores de la calidad de plántulas. Por su parte, la fertilización mejoró la calidad de las plántulas, mientras que el consorcio micorrícico y la asociación de estos con el fertilizante no fueron significativos. Otro resultado se relacionó con la calidad de las plantas, ya que esta fue mejor en aquellos tratamientos que incluyeron fertilizantes orgánicos y para el tratamiento control y también se encontró que la especie no tolera pH ácidos de los factores empleados en su propagación. Hasta el momento, el efecto de las micorrizas en la calidad de plántulas producidas en viveros no había sido documentado para esta especie, por lo tanto, estos resultados pueden ayudar a mejorar la calidad de plántulas en vivero de una especie con reciente potencial económico

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Análisis espacio temporal de la investigación científica sobre Brosimum alicastrum Swartz

Brosimum alicastrum is a forest species of broad natural distribution in southeastern Mexico, with high potential for animal and human diets, although with incipient forest management. The objective of this study was to analyze the spatial-temporal evolution of basic and applied research where B. alicastrum was the object of study; through a bibliometric analysis of the texts available in the main editorial houses; to identify research areas that are not developed. In 308 texts found from 1883 to 2020, spatial-temporal evolution showed an exponential growth that concentrated the highest productivity from 2002 to 2020 (222 texts) in countries of the Americas. For the case of Mexico, it was found that the research was focused the southeast, which coincides with the natural distribution of the species. However, this research had a low impact (measured by the number of bibliographic citations) as a result of the publication in journals edited in Spanish, while impact journals are led by English-speaking countries, in English. Therefore, the research about B. alicastrum in Latin America has a broad margin of improvement through the publication of texts in English and in journals of greater impact, through the development of research areas that have been slightly explored such as silviculture of the species with special emphasis on its propagation, management in nursery, and forest plantations, which can contribute to food security in each country by ensuring the prime material of an emerging food agro-industry.Brosimum alicastrum es una especie forestal de amplia distribución natural en el sureste de México, con alto potencial para la alimentación animal y humana, pero con incipiente manejo silvícola. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la evolución espacio-temporal de la investigación básica y aplicada donde B. alicastrum fue objeto de estudio; mediante un análisis bibliométrico de los textos disponibles en las principales casas editoriales; para identificar áreas de investigación no desarrolladas. Se encontraron 308 textos de 1883 a 2020 cuya evolución espacio-temporal mostró un crecimiento exponencial que concentro la mayor productividad de 2002 a 2020 (222 textos) en países de América. Para el caso de México se encontró que la investigación se focalizó en el sureste, que coincide con la distribución natural de la especie. Sin embargo, esta investigación tuvo un bajo impacto (medido por el número de citas bibliográficas) como resultado de la publicación en revistas editadas en español, cuando las revistas de impacto están lideradas por países anglosajones, en inglés. Por lo que la investigación sobre B. alicastrum en Latinoamérica tiene un amplio margen de mejora a través de la publicación de textos en inglés y en revistas de mayor impacto, mediante el desarrollo de áreas de investigación poco exploradas como la silvicultura de la especie con especial énfasis en su propagación, manejo en vivero y plantaciones forestales, lo que puede contribuir a la seguridad alimentaria en cada país al garantizar la materia prima de una agroindustria de alimentos emergente

Perspectivas del enfoque socioecológico en la conservación, el aprovechamiento y pago de servicios ambientales de los bosques templados de México

Abstract The temperate forests of Mexico represent the southernmost distribution of this ecosystem in the Northern hemisphere and constitute about 20% of Mexico's forest cover, making them the most widely distributed type of forest in the country. In spite of the importance of its geographical extension, studies of this type of vegetation with a socio-ecological approach are rare. The silvicultural scientific approach has been the predominating type of studies in this ecosystem, guided by the vision of maintaining a continuous flow of timber for the market and paying regard to the income of forest owners, without considering the provision of ecosystem services and other benefits. This study recommends the integration of a socioecological approach that promotes the integration of the society-nature dependencies that occur in temperate forests. In this context, it is imperative to understand: 1) the influence of temperate pine and oak species on the structure and functioning of these forests, particularly on primary productivity; 2) the impact of soil, regulated and unregulated biomass harvest on the structure and functioning of the ecosystem and 3) the social and economic aspects related to different conservation tools (natural protected areas and payment for environmental services), which represent schemes of society interaction with nature. It is discussed how research and evaluation under this approach can contribute to reducing the enormous deficit in timber production that persists in Mexico, protecting biological diversity and maintaining the provision of ecosystem services for human well-being.Resumen Los bosques templados de México representan la distribución más sur de este ecosistema en el hemisferio norte y constituyen alrededor de 20% de la cobertura forestal de México, lo que los hace la clase de bosques más ampliamente distribuida. No obstante la importancia de su extensión geográfica es el tipo de vegetación menos estudiado desde el punto de vista socioecológico. El enfoque de estudio que ha predominado en este tipo de vegetación es el silvícola, guiado por la visión de mantener un flujo continuo de madera para el mercado e ingresos de los propietarios forestales, sin considerar la provisión de otros beneficios y servicios ecosistémicos. En este estudio se propone la integración de un enfoque socioecológico que promueva integrar las dependencias sociedad-naturaleza que ocurren en los bosques templados. En este contexto es imperativo: 1) entender la influencia de las especies de pinos y encinos de los bosques templados en la estructura y funcionamiento de estos bosques, en particular sobre la productividad primaria; 2) entender el impacto que tienen el cambio de uso del suelo, la extracción regulada y no regulada de biomasa sobre la estructura y el funcionamiento del ecosistema y 3) entender los aspectos sociales y económicos relacionados con diferentes herramientas de conservación (áreas naturales protegidas y pago de servicios ambientales), que representan esquemas de interacción sociedad-naturaleza. Se discute cómo la investigación y evaluación bajo este enfoque puede contribuir a reducir el enorme déficit en la producción maderable que persiste en México, proteger la diversidad biológica y mantener la provisión de los servicios ecosistémicos para el bienestar humano

Measurement of the production cross section of prompt Ξ0c baryons in p–Pb collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV

The transverse momentum (pT) differential production cross section of the promptly-produced charm-strange baryon Ξ0c (and its charge conjugate Ξ0c¯¯¯¯¯¯) is measured at midrapidity via its hadronic decay into π+Ξ− in p−Pb collisions at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon−nucleon collision sNN−−−√ = 5.02 TeV with the ALICE detector at the LHC. The Ξ0c nuclear modification factor (RpPb), calculated from the cross sections in pp and p−Pb collisions, is presented and compared with the RpPb of Λ+c baryons. The ratios between the pT-differential production cross section of Ξ0c baryons and those of D0 mesons and Λ+c baryons are also reported and compared with results at forward and backward rapidity from the LHCb Collaboration. The measurements of the production cross section of prompt Ξ0c baryons are compared with a model based on perturbative QCD calculations of charm-quark production cross sections, which includes only cold nuclear matter effects in p−Pb collisions, and underestimates the measurement by a factor of about 50. This discrepancy is reduced when the data is compared with a model in which hadronisation is implemented via quark coalescence. The pT-integrated cross section of prompt Ξ0c-baryon production at midrapidity extrapolated down to pT = 0 is also reported. These measurements offer insights and constraints for theoretical calculations of the hadronisation process. Additionally, they provide inputs for the calculation of the charm production cross section in p−Pb collisions at midrapidity

Measurement of the low-energy antitriton inelastic cross section

In this Letter, the first measurement of the inelastic cross section for antitriton−nucleus interactions is reported, covering the momentum range of 0.8≤p<2.4 GeV/c. The measurement is carried out using data recorded with the ALICE detector in pp and Pb−Pb collisions at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon of 13 TeV and 5.02 TeV, respectively. The detector material serves as an absorber for antitriton nuclei. The raw yield of (anti)triton nuclei measured with the ALICE apparatus is compared to the results from detailed ALICE simulations based on the GEANT4 toolkit for the propagation of (anti)particles through matter, allowing one to quantify the inelastic interaction probability in the detector material. This analysis complements the measurement of the inelastic cross section of antinuclei up to A=3 carried out by the ALICE Collaboration, and demonstrates the feasibility of the study of the isospin dependence of inelastic interaction cross section with the analysis techniques presented in this Letter

Accessing the strong interaction between Λ baryons and charged kaons with the femtoscopy technique at the LHC

The interaction between Λ baryons and kaons/antikaons is a crucial ingredient for the strangeness S=0 and S=−2 sector of the meson--baryon interaction at low energies. In particular, the ΛK¯¯¯¯ might help in understanding the origin of states such as the Ξ(1620), whose nature and properties are still under debate. Experimental data on Λ−K and Λ−K¯¯¯¯ systems are scarce, leading to large uncertainties and tension between the available theoretical predictions constrained by such data. In this Letter we present the measurements of Λ−K+⊕Λ¯¯¯¯−K− and Λ−K−⊕Λ¯¯¯¯−K+ correlations obtained in the high-multiplicity triggered data sample in pp collisions at s√=13 TeV recorded by ALICE at the LHC. The correlation function for both pairs is modeled using the Lednicky−Lyuboshits analytical formula and the corresponding scattering parameters are extracted. The Λ−K−⊕Λ¯¯¯¯−K+ correlations show the presence of several structures at relative momenta k∗ above 200 MeV/c, compatible with the Ω baryon, the Ξ(1690), and Ξ(1820) resonances decaying into Λ−K− pairs. The low k∗ region in the Λ−K−⊕Λ¯¯¯¯−K+ also exhibits the presence of the Ξ(1620) state, expected to strongly couple to the measured pair. The presented data allow to access the ΛK+ and ΛK− strong interaction with an unprecedented precision and deliver the first experimental observation of the Ξ(1620) decaying into ΛK−

Measurement of Ω0c baryon production and branching-fraction ratio BR(Ω0c → Ω−e+νe)/BR(Ω0c → Ω−π+) in pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV

The inclusive production of the charm-strange baryon Ω0c is measured for the first time via its semileptonic decay into Ω−e+νe at midrapidity (|y| < 0.8) in proton–proton (pp) collisions at the centre-of-mass energy √s = 13 TeV with the ALICE detector at the LHC. The transverse momentum (pT) differential cross section multiplied by the branching ratio is presented in the interval 2 < pT < 12 GeV/c. The branching-fraction ratio BR(Ω0c → Ω−e+νe)/BR(Ω0c → Ω−π+) is measured to be 1.12 ± 0.22 (stat.) ± 0.27 (syst.). Comparisons with other experimental measurements, as well as with theoretical calculations, are presented

Measurements of long-range two-particle correlation over a wide pseudorapidity range in p–Pb collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV

Correlations in azimuthal angle extending over a long range in pseudorapidity between particles, usually called the "ridge" phenomenon, were discovered in heavy-ion collisions, and later found in pp and p−Pb collisions. In large systems, they are thought to arise from the expansion (collective flow) of the produced particles. Extending these measurements over a wider range in pseudorapidity and final-state particle multiplicity is important to understand better the origin of these long-range correlations in small-collision systems. In this Letter, measurements of the long-range correlations in p−Pb collisions at sNN−−−√=5.02 TeV are extended to a pseudorapidity gap of Δη∼8 between particles using the ALICE, forward multiplicity detectors. After suppressing non-flow correlations, e.g., from jet and resonance decays, the ridge structure is observed to persist up to a very large gap of Δη∼8 for the first time in p−Pb collisions. This shows that the collective flow-like correlations extend over an extensive pseudorapidity range also in small-collision systems such as p−Pb collisions. The pseudorapidity dependence of the second-order anisotropic flow coefficient, v2({\eta}), is extracted from the long-range correlations. The v2(η) results are presented for a wide pseudorapidity range of −3.1<η<4.8 in various centrality classes in p−Pb collisions. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the source of anisotropic flow in small-collision systems, the v2(η) measurements are compared to hydrodynamic and transport model calculations. The comparison suggests that the final-state interactions play a dominant role in developing the anisotropic flow in small-collision systems