Omissão de pronomes clíticos em crianças bilingues português europeu e espanhol ibérico

A omissão de pronomes clíticos por crianças em fase de aquisição da língua tem sido objeto de estudo em vários idiomas e os estudos têm revelado que existem diferenças nas taxas de omissão entre crianças monolingues e bilingues, nas faixas etárias e nas condições que são testadas. Na presente dissertação compara-se a omissão de clíticos por parte de crianças monolingues espanhol ibérico e bilingues português europeu/ espanhol ibérico em fase de aquisição, sendo que não existem ainda trabalhos que comparem bilingues a adquirir estas duas línguas. Com os dados obtidos é possível corroborar análises anteriores que demonstram haver taxas de omissão mais altas por parte de bilingues, uma diminuição das taxas de omissão à medida que a idade avança (tanto por parte de bilingues como de monolingues), diferenças nas taxas de omissão nas diversas condições testadas (tanto por parte de bilingues como de monolingues) e um atraso linguístico no desenvolvimento por parte de crianças bilingues em comparação com as monolingues. No entanto, com este trabalho obtiveram-se dados novos sobre a aquisição por parte de crianças bilingues. Estes mostram que existem diferenças nas produções em português europeu e nas produções em espanhol ibérico que parecem indicar que, embora haja omissão em ambas as línguas, nos bilingues a estabilização é mais precoce no espanhol ibérico do que no português europeu. Obtiveram-se ainda dados que podem indicar a legitimidade de omissão de clíticos no espanhol ibérico, que não foram ainda descritos na literatura que aborda este tema. Palavras-chave: aquisição, clíticos, omissão, português europeu, espanhol ibérico, bilinguismo. Abstract The omission of clitic pronouns by children in the language acquisition phase has beenThe omission of clitic pronouns by children in the language acquisition phase has been the subject of study in various languages and has shown that there are differences in the rate of omission between monolingual and bilingual children in the age groups and conditions tested. This dissertation compares the omission of clitics by Iberian Spanish monolinguals and European Portuguese/Iberian Spanish bilinguals in the acquisition phase, prompted y the fact that there are not yet any works that compare bilinguals acquiring these two languages. With the data obtained it is possible to confirm previous studies which demonstrate that there are higher rates of omission by bilinguals, a reduction in the rates of acquisition in various age groups (from bilinguals and monolinguals), differences in the rates of omission in the different outputs tested (from bilinguals and monolinguals) and a delay in the development of bilingual children in comparison with monolinguals. However, this study obtained new data about acquisition by bilingual children. These show that there are differences in the outputs in European Portuguese and Iberian Spanish which appear to show (although there was omission in both languages) that in bilinguals stabilisation is earlier in Iberian Spanish than in European Portuguese. Data were also obtained which could indicate the legitimacy of the omission of clitics in Iberian Spanish, which have not yet been described in the literature that deals with this topic

Omissão de clíticos na aquisição bilingue português-espanhol

PEst-OE/LIN/UI3213/2014 UID/LIN/03213/2013This study examines clitic omission in Spanish-Portuguese bilingual acquisition. Using an elicited production task, we show that bilinguals omit clitics in both languages, but their rates of omission are higher in Portuguese. We show that, although bilinguals differ from monolinguals in their rates of omission in Spanish, they progressively become closer to monolinguals and like monolinguals they distinguish different syntactic contexts. This suggests that bilingual development is essentially similar to monolingual development but it is slower in what concerns syntactic properties for which the input may be ambiguous.publishersversionpublishe

THE DEGREE OF FRUGIVORY OF BIRDS AS ESTIMATED FROM GASTRIC AND FECAL SAMPLES

The degree of frugivory (DF) has long been used to characterize the relative importance of fruits to the diet of a bird and, more recently, as a functional trait related to the role of birds in seed dispersal networks. Although quantitative estimations of DF are desirable, general, categorical classifications or coarse estimations of diet composition based in qualitative information are often used. Data on stomach, fecal and regurgitation contents scattered in the literature or easily obtained in the field could be used to provide a quantitative, potentially more reliable assessment of DF. We compiled such data from the literature and our own fieldwork to obtain 12,576 samples for 985 Neotropical bird species, of which 489 species (49.6%) from 61 families had at least one fruit-containing sample. Gastric (i.e. stomach plus regurgitation) and fecal samples provided similar estimates of DF, despite potential differences in the degree of food digestion. The DF we obtained were higher than those presented in the most frequently used source of quantitative DF estimates in the literature (the Elton Traits database). We further explored with a few study cases the utility of stomach, fecal and regurgitation samples to evaluate intraspecific geographic, sexual, and ontogenetic variations in DF, topics rarely investigated so far. We argued that stomach, fecal and regurgitation sample data abundantly available in the literature or obtained from mist-netted birds may be used to produce quantitative assessments of DF likely more reliable than the estimates used so far and useful for a plethora of ecological studies

Dietary supplements in lymphedema

Lymphedema is a chronic inflammatory disorder resulting from ineffective fluid uptake by the lymphatic system, and the effects are principally felt in the lower limbs. The condition is said to be primary when caused by genetic mutations and secondary when caused by injuries, infections, or surgery. Lymphedema, a worldwide pathology, does not have an effective therapy so far. Leukotriene B4 has recently been identified as a key molecule in lymphedema pathogenesis. Surgical, nonsurgical, and pharmacological treatments have been proposed; however, they do not cure the disease and only ameliorate the symptoms. Nutrition and nutritional status are extremely important in lymphedema physiopathology. Obesity is a comorbidity that exacerbates the risk for secondary lymphedema and constitutes a negative prognostic factor. Indeed, anti-inflammatory foods and their effects on the inflammatory state and on oxidative stress are now being investigated for their possible therapeutic role in lymphedema. Although no special diet has so far been proven to be very effective, specific dietary tips could help in alleviating the edematous state of patients with lymphedema. A few supplements have been tested for lymphedema treatment. Among them, GARLIVE® containing hydroxytyrosol, hesperidin, spermidine and vitamin A, exhibited promising effects in the animal model. Hydroxytyrosol, a polyphenol from olives, showed anti-inflammatory effects and reduced leukotriene B4 synthesis, thus holding promise as a potential natural candidate for lymphedema treatment

Sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis after peritoneal dialysis

Patients with chronic renal failure in use of peritoneal dialysis (PD) are subject to various complications of the renal replacement therapy. We report a rare complication of PD in which the peritoneum, after years of contact with hypertonic dialysate, is gradually replaced by fibrous tissue. This patient had several complications after initiation of PD including a bacterial peritonitis, tertiary hyperparathyroidism (being treated with parathyroidectomy 2) and cholelithiasis (being treated with laparoscopic cholecystectomy). After 8 years of peritoneal dialysis was transferred to hemodialysis by decreasing ultrafiltration and episodes of intestinal sub-occlusion, being diagnosed as sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis (SEP). He is currently on corticotherapy with a significant reduction of symptoms and likely stabilization of the SEP.Pacientes com insuficiência renal crônica terminal em uso de diálise peritoneal (DP) estão sujeitos a diversas complicações da própria terapia de substituição renal. Relatamos uma complicação rara da DP na qual o peritôneo, após anos de contato com a substância hipertônica dialisante, é gradualmente substituído por tecido fibroso. O paciente em questão teve diversas intercorrências após o início da DP, incluindo uma peritonite bacteriana, hiperparatireoidismo terciário (sendo tratado com duas paratireoidectomias) e colelitíase (sendo tratado com colecistectomia videolaparoscópica). Após 8 anos de diálise peritoneal, foi transferido para hemodiálise por diminuição da ultrafiltração e episódios de suboclusão intestinal, sendo diagnosticado como peritonite esclerosante encapsulante (PEE). Atualmente, está em corticoterapia e com diminuição significativa dos sintomas e provável estabilização da PEE.Fundação Lusíada Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de SantosUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM)Universidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Medicina Hospital das ClínicasUNIFESP, EPMSciEL

Acne arising on a facial Becker nevus following the lines of Blaschko

Univ Fed São Paulo UNIFESP, Escola Paulista Med, Dept Dermatol, São Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed São Paulo UNIFESP, Escola Paulista Med, Dept Pathol, São Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed São Paulo UNIFESP, Escola Paulista Med, Dept Dermatol, São Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed São Paulo UNIFESP, Escola Paulista Med, Dept Pathol, São Paulo, SP, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Ameloblastic Fibro-Odontoma in a Bovine

Background: Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma is a benign tumor derived from odontogenic epithelium and mesenchymal tissue, which forms enamel and dentin. It is a rare neoplasm in all species. One of the most common sites for their occurrence is the anterior mandibules. The prevalence of this odontogenic tumor is higher in young animals and only few cases are described in cattle. The purpose of this article is describe the clinical, surgical and the histopathological characteristic of a fibro-odontoma case in a Jersey Cow. Case: A 3-year-old Jersey cow was presented with a progressively growing mass in the anterior mandible displacing the incisor teeth. The mass measured approximately 12 cm diameter and there was a focal area of myiasis. The owner reported weight loss and eating difficulties. The animal was treated with antibiotics for a few weeks but the conservative treatment failed, and the heifer underwent surgical removal of the lesion. The tumor was sent for histopathological evaluation at UFPR-Palotina Pathology laboratory. Microscopically, the excised mass was poorly delimited, and was composed of tumor cells of mesenchymal and epithelial origin which infiltrated and compressed surrounding tissues. Neoplastic cells were arranged in bundles which multifocally formed dental sacs (dental follicles) of various sizes. These dental sacs were formed by neoplastic ameloblasts, and were surrounded by abundant fibrous connective tissue. The central zone of the tumor consisted of a loose, vacuolated neoplastic stellate reticulum. Mitotic figures were rare, and there was moderate anisokaryosis. In some areas, neoplastic ameloblasts surrounded the stellate reticulum. The presence of a sparse, well-organized basophilic extracellular matrix produced presumably by the tumor cells and interpreted as dentin. These microscopic characteristics led to the diagnosis of an ameloblastic fibro-odontoma. The heifer made a full recovery after surgical removal of the mandibular mass.Discussion: Although rare in all mammalian species, ameloblastic fibro-odontoma is the most common odontogenic tumor in cattle. There are also reports of this neoplasm in humans, cats, horses, sheep, nonhuman primates and rats. Despite being benign these neoplasms may be infiltrative or expansile which make them difficult to be surgically removed. Similar to observed in this case the most majority of these tumors occurs in the anterior mandibules of young cattle of either sex. The ameloblastic fibro-odontoma is a variant of ameloblastic fibroma in which mineralized tissue is absent.  Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma is a tumor formed by odontogenic epithelial and mesenchymal tissues which form enamel or dentin (or both). The presence of enamel helps the pathologist to diagnose an ameloblastic fibro-odontoma by histopathology in the slides. Surgical excision of the neoplasm with wide margins should be performed in order to reduce the risk of local recurrence of this tumor, and when well executed they are curative. In this animal there was no recurrence of the neoplasm after a 16-month follow-up. Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma, other odontogenic neoplasms, inflammatory lesions due to infectious agents such as bacteria and fungi, and congenital lesions should be considered in the differential diagnosis of young cattle presented with localized swelling of the maxillae or oral cavity

Unilateral retinitis pigmentosa secondary to eye injury: case report

Retinitis pigmentosa is a group of diseases caused by genetic changes that lead to progressive degeneration of photoreceptors, rods mainly. In general, it has bilateral presentation. This study is a case report of a patient with unilateral involvement of the retina, similar to the characteristics of retinitis pigmentosa, and an old ocular trauma history. It describes her history and ophthalmologic findings.A retinose pigmentada constitui um grupo de doenças causadas por alterações genéticas que levam à degeneração progressiva dos fotorreceptores, principalmente bastonetes. Em geral, tem apresentação bilateral. Este estudo é um relato de caso de uma paciente com acometimento unilateral da retina, de características semelhantes às da retinose pigmentada, com história de trauma ocular antigo. Descrevem-se sua história clínica e achados oftalmológicos.Fundação Lusíada Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de SantosUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Santa Casa de São Paulo Faculdade de Ciências MédicasUNIFESPSciEL

LA EDUCACIÓN EN DISCURSO DE UN EQUIPO DE SALUD DE LA FAMILIA

This study adopted a qualitative and descriptive approach, and it aimed to identify the discourse relating to education in the workplace, expressed by members of a multidisciplinary team of Family Health in the municipality of Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul . Data collection occurred from March to June 2009, with the use of unstructured interviews to nine professionals. The corpus of this study was analyzed according to the discourse analysis technique, using paraphrase and polysemy as analytical devices. A prevailing notion of traditional education, whereas the professionals mentioned it as an isolated act, outdoor and on an individual level is identified in the discourse, meaning that education is constructed among subjects. The analysis allowed the identification of discourses present within the team and allowed its understanding from a larger structure of senses, set up by education in general, and used in the training of health professionals.Este estudio, de abordaje cualitativo y de tipo descriptivo, tuvo por objetivo identificar el discurso referente a la educación en ambiente de trabajo, expresado por miembros de un equipo multiprofesional de la Salud de la Familia en municipio de Rio Grande, estado de Rio Grande do Sul. Los datos fueron recogidos de marzo a junio de 2009, con la utilización de entrevistas no estructuradas a nueve profesionales. El corpus del trabajo fue analizado de acuerdo con el análisis de discurso, utilizándose la paráfrasis y la polisemia como dispositivos analíticos. Se identifica, en discurso, predominio de la concepción de educación tradicional, considerando que los profesionales hablaron de ella como un acto puntual, exterior e individual; se entiende la educación como construida entre los sujetos. El análisis permitió la identificación de los discursos presentes en equipo y posibilitó su comprensión en una estructura mayor de sentidos, instituidos por la educación en general, y utilizados en la formación de profesionales de la salud.Este estudo, de abordagem qualitativa e de tipo descritivo, teve por objetivo identificar o discurso referente à educação no ambiente de trabalho, expresso por membros de uma equipe multiprofissional da Saúde da Família no Município de Rio Grande, Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. A coleta de dados ocorreu de março a junho de 2009, com a utilização de entrevistas não estruturadas a nove profissionais. O corpus do trabalho foi analisado conforme a análise de discurso, utilizando-se a paráfrase e a polissemia como dispositivos analíticos. Identifica-se no discurso predomínio da concepção de educação tradicional, considerando que os profissionais referiram-na como um ato pontual, exterior e de cunho individual; entende-se a educação como construída entre os sujeitos. A análise permitiu a identificação dos discursos presentes na equipe e possibilitou sua compreensão numa estrutura maior de sentidos, instituídos pela educação em geral, e utilizados na formação de profissionais da saúde

Resistência à compressão e à tração diametral de cimentos de ionômero de vidro

The aim of this study was to compare, in different periods of time, the compressive and diametral tensile strength of a traditional high viscous glass ionomer cement: Fuji IX (GC Corporation), with two new Brazilian GIC's: Vitro-Molar (DFL) and Bioglass R (Biodinamica), all indicated for the Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) technique. Fifteen disk specimens (6.0mm diameter x 3.0mm height) for the diametral tensile strength (DTS) test and fifteen cylindrical specimens (6.0mm diameter x 12.0mm height) for the compressive strength (CS) test were made of each GIC. Specimens were stored in deionized water at 37º C and 100% of humidity in a stove until testing. Five specimens of each GIC were submitted to CS and DTS test in each period, namely 1 hour, 24 hours and 7 days. The specimens were tested in a testing machine (Emic) at a crosshead speed of 1.0mm/min for CS and 0.5mm/min for the DTS test until failure occurred. The data were submitted to two-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (alpha=0.05). The mean CS values ranged from 42.03 to 155.47MPa and means DTS from 5.54 to 13.72 MPa, with test periods from 1h to 7 days. The CS and DTS tests showed no statistically significant difference between Fuji IX and Vitro Molar, except for CS test at 1-hour period. Bioglass R had lowest mean value for CS of the cements tested. In DTS test Bioglass R presented no statistically significant differences when compared with all others tested GICs at 1-hour period and Bioglass R presented no difference at 24-hour and 7-day periods when compared to Vitro-Molar. Further studies to investigate other physical properties such as fracture toughness and wear resistance, as well as chemical composition and biocompatibility, are now needed to better understand the properties of these new Brazilian GIC's.Comparou-se a Resistência à Compressão (RC) e à Tração Diametral (TD) de um cimento de ionômero de vidro de alta viscosidade [Fuji IX (GC Corporation)] e de dois novos cimentos Brasileiros [Vitro Molar (DFL) e Bioglass R (Biodinamica)], recentemente lançados no mercado, ambos indicados para o Tratamento Restaurador Atraumático (ART), em diferentes períodos de tempo. Foram confeccionados quinze corpos-de-prova com 6,0 mm de diâmetro x 3,0 mm de altura para o teste de TD e quinze com 6,0 mm de diâmetro e 12,0 mm de altura para o teste de RC, para cada ionômero a ser testado. Os corpos-de-prova foram armazenados em recipientes plásticos, com água deionizada, e mantidos em estufa a 37ºC e 100% de umidade, até a realização dos testes. Cinco corpos-de-prova de cada material foram submetidos aos testes de TD e RC em cada período de tempo: 1-hora, 24-horas e 7-dias, em uma máquina de testes universal (EMIC - DL 500) a uma velocidade de 1,0 mm/min para RC e 0,5mm/min para TD. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos aos testes ANOVA a dois critérios e Tukey (á=0,05). Os valores médios de RC e TD variaram de 42,03 a 155.47 MPa e de 5,54 a 13,72 MPa, respectivamente para os períodos analisados. O Fuji IX e o Vitro Molar não apresentaram diferenças em relação aos testes de RC e TD, exceto para RC no período de 1-hora. O Bioglass R apresentou os menores valores de RC dos cimentos testados. Na TD o Bioglass R não apresentou diferença em relação aos outros cimentos testados no período de 1-hora e não foi diferente do Vitro-Molar nos períodos de 24-horas e 7-dias. Mais estudos são necessários para avaliar outras propriedades mecânicas desses novos cimentos de ionômero de vidro brasileiros, tais como: tenacidade e desgaste, bem como composição química e biocompatibilidade