Regulation of HIV-1 env mRNA translation by Rev protein

We have examined the effect of Rev on the regulation of the expression of RRE containing mRNAs when they were synthesised in the nucleus or directly in the cytoplasm. In the nuclear expression system, Rev enhanced env mRNA transport by about 1.6-fold, while translation of this mRNA was increased more than a 100-fold. These findings indicate that the target of Rev activity is located mainly at the translational level. Synthesis of Env using a recombinant vaccinia virus system, which synthesised env mRNA directly in the cytoplasm, is also enhanced by Rev. Finally, RRE functioning was examined using a luciferase mRNA bearing this element. Rev stimulated the synthesis of Luciferase both when the luc mRNA was made in the nucleus or in cytoplasm. Our results indicate that the effect of Rev on env mRNA transport is low compared with the enhancement of translation of this mRNA.This work was supported by grants from the Fundación para la investigación y prevención del SIDA en España (24291), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (01/0042) and the DGICYT PM99-0002. The authors also acknowledge the Fundación Ramón Areces for an institutional grant awarded to the Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa”.S

Association between Caries, Obesity and Insulin Resistance in Mexican Adolescents

Aim: To determine the association among dental caries, obesity and insulin resistance in Mexican adolescents. Methods: Body Mass Index, obesity (OB) blood pressure, insulin level, insulin resistance (IR), triglycerides level, serum HDL-cholesterol (cHDL), DMFT index and salivary flow were measured. Results: Anthropometric measures showed a significant statistical difference (p \u3c 0.05). Insulin level was 8.98 for healthy subjects, whereas for OB-IR group was 25.35, there was a statistical significant difference (p \u3c 0.05). Triglycerides level was 88.50 for healthy subjects and 169.40 mg/dL for OB-IR; cHDL was 52.88 for healthy and 41.82 mg/dL for OB-IR group, both showed a statistically significant difference (p \u3c 0.05). Salivary flow was 4.30 for healthy and for OB-IR group was 5.48 ml/min showed a significant statistical difference (p \u3c 0.05). DMFT index was 3.02 for healthy and for OB-IR adolescents was 4.78, showed a significant statistical difference (p \u3c 0.05). The caries component of DMFT index was 1.84 for healthy and was 3.52 for OB-IR adolescents, showed a significant statistical difference (p \u3c 0.05). According to the multivariate analysis, DMFT (OR=3.10; IC95%=0.20-1.02, p=0.042) and decay (OR=3.30; IC95%=0.19-1.0, p=0.011) were associated with subjects with OB-IR. Conclusion: OB-IR Mexican adolescents showed a positive association with DMFT

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Desafíos para la implementación de las Normas Internacionales de Información Financiera al sector de las MIPYMES en Paraguay

This research addresses the perception of public accounting professionals about the challenges for the implementation of international financial reporting standards to the MSME sector in Paraguay. The research included the bibliographical - documentary review and the field work in which a survey was applied to 453 accounting professionals and an in-depth semi-structured interview with the director of the Public Accounting career of the National University of Asunción. The results revealed the need to strengthen the academic training of professionals in the process of adopting IFRS as well as the inter-institutional articulation between unions and supervisory bodies of the business sector in Paraguay. Although a favorable scenario is perceived for the full implementation of international financial information standards in micro, small and medium-sized companies, training in the area is required so that the quality of the information provided is accurate and efficient translate into a safe scenario for decision making in real time.Esta investigación aborda la percepción de los profesionales de la contaduría pública acerca de los desafíos para la implementación de las normas internacionales de información financiera al sector de las Mipymes en Paraguay. La investigación abarcó la revisión bibliográfica – documental y el trabajo de campo en que se aplicó una encuesta a 453 profesionales de la contabilidad y una entrevista semiestructurada en profundidad a la directora de la carrera de Contaduría Pública de la Universidad Nacional de Asunción. Los resultados revelaron la necesidad de fortalecimiento de la formación académica de los profesionales en el proceso de adopción de las NIIF así como la articulación interinstitucional entre los gremios y entes de supervisión del sector empresarial en Paraguay. Si bien se percibe un escenario propicio para la implementación plena de las normas internacionales de información financiera en las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas, se requiere una capacitación en el área para que la calidad de la información que se suministre sea veraz y eficiente que se traduzca en un escenario seguro para la toma de decisiones a tiempo real

IMPLEMENTACIÓN DE HERRAMIENTAS Y ESTRATEGIAS METODOLÓGICAS EN INVESTIGACIÓN

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Improving the “Active Heading Control Platform” (CHAD) for Active Experiment Pointing During Stratospheric Balloon Flights

Payloads carried into the stratosphere using weather balloons typically spin and sway during ascent, limiting the types of experiments that can be performed. This project aimed to improve the functionality and performance of the Arduino-controlled active anti-rotation camera platform called CHAD (Controlled Heading Automation Device) that was reported upon at AHAC 2016 by Andrew Kruger from Wilbur Wright College in Chicago. The CHAD device senses its orientation using a magnetometer and an inertial measurement unit, then counters rotation by turning its main shaft with a stepper motor so as to hold fixed the absolute heading of the attached experiment (such as a video camera). The goals of this project were to make CHAD more low-temperature tolerant, to add the capability to adjust the heading in flight by radio command, and to add on-board logging of sensor data, stepper motor commands, actual orientation (independent from what the stepper motor was told to do), and all radio communications. This log was valuable for post-flight analysis if the unit did not hold its heading as effectively as desired. Some thermal issues were identified and addressed. The stepper motor was found to be powerful enough to control the heading of a full video-telemetry system, not just a bare video camera. The implementation of an in-flight-reset command proved valuable. A shaft-rotation encoder was added to assist in knowing orientation independently from the stepper motor commands. Although significant progress has been made, in-flight performance of the modified CHAD device remains somewhat inconsistent in stratospheric conditions