Bone Sialoprotein Gene Transfer to Periodontal Ligament Cells May Not Be Sufficient to Promote Mineralization In Vitro or In Vivo

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141649/1/jper0167.pd

Perfil da fluência: comparação entre falantes do Português Brasileiro e do Português Europeu

The purpose of the study was to compare the speech fluency of Brazilian Portuguese speakers with that of European Portuguese speakers. The study participants were 76 individuals of any ethnicity or skin color aged 18–29 years. Of the participants, 38 lived in Brazil and 38 in Portugal. Speech samples from all participants were obtained and analyzed according to the variables of typology and frequency of speech disruptions and speech rate. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed to assess the association between the fluency profile and linguistic variant variables. We found that the speech rate of European Portuguese speakers was higher than the speech rate of Brazilian Portuguese speakers in words per minute (p=0.004). The qualitative distribution of the typology of common dysfluencies (p<0.001) also discriminated between the linguistic variants. While a speech fluency profile of European Portuguese speakers is not available, speech therapists in Portugal can use the same speech fluency assessment as has been used in Brazil to establish a diagnosis of stuttering, especially in regard to typical and stuttering dysfluencies, with care taken when evaluating the speech rate.O objetivo do estudo foi comparar a fluência de fala de falantes do Português Brasileiro com a de falantes do Português Europeu. Participaram deste estudo 76 indivíduos, sem distinção de raça e cor, com idades entre 18 e 29 anos, sendo 38 residentes no Brasil e 38 em Portugal. Foram obtidas amostras de fala de todos os participantes e analisadas segundo as variáveis de tipologia e frequência das disfluências e velocidade de fala. Foi realizada análise estatística descritiva e inferencial para verificar a associação entre as variáveis do perfil da fluência e da variante linguística. Foi observado que a velocidade de fala dos falantes do Português Europeu em palavras por minuto (p=0,004) é maior que a dos falantes do Português Brasileiro. A distribuição qualitativa das tipologias das disfluências comuns (p<0,001) também diferencia as variantes linguísticas. Enquanto não há um perfil de fluência de fala dos falantes do Português Europeu, para se estabelecer um diagnóstico de gagueira, os fonoaudiólogos podem utilizar em Portugal a mesma avaliação de fluência de fala utilizada no Brasil, principalmente no que se refere às disfluências comuns e gagas, tendo cuidado apenas no que se refere à velocidade de falaFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (CDS – APQ – 02141-11)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Disfluências e velocidade de fala em produção espontânea e em leitura oral em indivíduos gagos e não gagos

PURPOSE: To investigate and characterize temporal parameters of speech in spontaneous situation and in oral reading in people who stutter and who do not stutter, and investigate the relation among these variables. METHODS: Thirty participants aged between 17 and 59 years, with a minimum of 08 years of scholar education, constituted the Study Group, composed by 15 people who stutter and the Control Group with 15 people who did not stutter. Subjects on the Control and Study Group were matched by gender, age and education level. After anamnesis it was made: brief neuropsychological assessment, specific stuttering assessment and specific oral reading assessment. Disfluencies were analyzed and it was calculated speech rate on spontaneous production and oral reading. RESULTS: There were more disfluencies in spontaneous speech than in text oral reading in both groups. As to speech rate, in the Control Group, pseudoword and text reading were positively correlated, and in the Study Group, all variables were positively correlated. CONCLUSION: Speech rate and disfluencies analysis characterized both groups, either in spontaneous speech and reading situations which evidenced performance profiles differentiated by speech rate, frequency and disfluency typology. Investigation showed that people who stutter present lower values of speech rate, as well as higher occurrence of disfluencies, either on spontaneous speech and oral reading, in comparison to people who do not stutter.OBJETIVO: Investigar e caracterizar a velocidade de fala e as rupturas da fala em situação espontânea e em leitura oral, em indivíduos gagos e não gagos e investigar a relação entre essas variáveis. MÉTODOS: Trinta participantes com idades entre 17 e 59 anos e, no mínimo, oito anos de escolaridade, constituíram o Grupo Estudo, com 15 indivíduos gagos, e o Grupo Controle, com 15 indivíduos não gagos. Os indivíduos do Grupo Controle e do Grupo Estudo foram pareados por idade, gênero e nível de escolaridade. Após anamnese, foram realizadas as seguintes avaliações: neuropsicológica breve, específica da gagueira e específicas da leitura. As disfluências foram analisadas e calculou-se a velocidade da fala espontânea e na leitura oral. RESULTADOS: Ocorreram mais disfluências na fala espontânea que na leitura oral de texto, em ambos os grupos. Em relação à velocidade, no Grupo Controle, a leitura de pseudopalavras e de texto correlacionaram-se positivamente e no Grupo Estudo, todas as variáveis correlacionaram-se positivamente. CONCLUSÃO: A análise da velocidade e das rupturas de fala caracterizou ambos os grupos, tanto em situação de fala espontânea, quanto na leitura que evidencia perfis de desempenho diferenciados pela velocidade de fala, frequência e tipologia das rupturas. A investigação demonstra que indivíduos gagos apresentaram valores mais baixos de velocidade, assim como maior ocorrência de disfluências, tanto na fala espontânea quanto na leitura oral, em comparação com indivíduos não gagos.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Departamento de FonoaudiologiaUNIFESP, Depto. de FonoaudiologiaSciEL

Estrogen Receptor Beta rs1271572 Polymorphism and Invasive Ovarian Carcinoma Risk: Pooled Analysis within the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium

The association of ovarian carcinoma risk with the polymorphism rs1271572 in the estrogen receptor beta (ESR2) gene was examined in 4946 women with primary invasive ovarian carcinoma and 6582 controls in a pooled analysis of ten case-control studies within the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium (OCAC). All participants were non-Hispanic white women. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using unconditional logistic regression adjusted for site and age. Women with the TT genotype were at increased risk of ovarian carcinoma compared to carriers of the G allele (OR = 1.10; 95%; CI: 1.01–1.21; p = 0.04); the OR was 1.09 (CI: 0.99–1.20; p = 0.07) after excluding data from the center (Hawaii) that nominated this SNP for OCAC genotyping A stronger association of rs1271572 TT versus GT/GG with risk was observed among women aged ≤50 years versus older women (OR = 1.35; CI: 1.12–1.62; p = 0.002; p for interaction = 0.02) that remained statistically significant after excluding Hawaii data (OR = 1.34; CI: 1.11–1.61; p = 0.009). No heterogeneity of the association was observed by study, menopausal status, gravidity, parity, use of contraceptive or menopausal hormones, tumor histological type, or stage at diagnosis. This pooled analysis suggests that rs1271572 might influence the risk of ovarian cancer, in particular among younger women

Growth and weight status in treatment-naïve 12-16 year old adolescents with Alcohol Use Disorders in Cape Town, South Africa

The original publication is available at http://www.nutritionj.com/Publication of this article was funded by the Stellenbosch University Open Access Fund.Abstract: Background Heavy alcohol consumption during adolescence has many known harmful health and social consequences and is strongly associated with numerous health risk behaviours. The consequences of heavy alcohol use during adolescence on nutritional status, specifically growth and weight status are largely unknown at this time. Methods Substance use, anthropometric indices of growth and weight, dietary energy intake and physical activity in heavy drinking adolescents (meeting DSM-IV criteria for alcohol use disorders) and matched light/non-drinking control adolescents were assessed. Results Lifetime alcohol dose, measured in standard drinks of alcohol, was orders of magnitude higher in adolescents with alcohol use disorders (AUDs) compared to controls. The AUDs group was selected to represent relatively 'pure' AUDs, with minimal other drug use and no psychiatric diagnoses. The growth and weight status of adolescents with AUDs were generally comparable to that of controls, and is in line with the growth and weight status of the South African adolescent population. A greater proportion of overweight/obese females was found in both groups, with this percentage tending to be greater, although not significantly so, in the AUDs group. Adolescent females with AUDs had increased odds of being overweight/obese compared to controls, after adjustment for smoking, physical activity and energy intake. Conclusion Anthropometric indices of growth and weight status of participants in the Control and AUD groups were generally comparable. Female adolescents with AUDs may have an increased risk of being overweight/obese compared to adolescent females without AUDs. The presence of an AUD in our adolescent sample was associated with higher energy intake. Longitudinal studies are needed to elucidate the effects of heavy alcohol use on energy balance, growth and weight status in adolescents as they age. Nonetheless, the current study contributes to our understanding of the impacts of heavy alcohol consumption on important aspects of adolescent development.Publishers' versio

Lawson criterion for ignition exceeded in an inertial fusion experiment

For more than half a century, researchers around the world have been engaged in attempts to achieve fusion ignition as a proof of principle of various fusion concepts. Following the Lawson criterion, an ignited plasma is one where the fusion heating power is high enough to overcome all the physical processes that cool the fusion plasma, creating a positive thermodynamic feedback loop with rapidly increasing temperature. In inertially confined fusion, ignition is a state where the fusion plasma can begin "burn propagation" into surrounding cold fuel, enabling the possibility of high energy gain. While "scientific breakeven" (i.e., unity target gain) has not yet been achieved (here target gain is 0.72, 1.37 MJ of fusion for 1.92 MJ of laser energy), this Letter reports the first controlled fusion experiment, using laser indirect drive, on the National Ignition Facility to produce capsule gain (here 5.8) and reach ignition by nine different formulations of the Lawson criterion