Diccionarios ortográficos

Cuando nos acercamos a la tipología de los diccionarios existentes, al lado de los diccionarios generales de lengua, que son los más extendidos, conocidos y empleados, nos encontramos con otros muchos tipos de repertorios lexicográficos, como los de sinónimos, los analógicos, los de frecuencias… y, entre ellos, los diccionarios ortográficos. Nuestra idea es acercarnos a este tipo de obras lexicográficas, partiendo de su definición, su origen y características más señaladas. Después presentaremos los diccionarios ortográficos del español, para ir analizándolos con cierto detalle. La idea es mostrar un panorama de este tipo de obras que también contribuyen a completar elanálisis de los diccionarios existentes.Cuando nos acercamos a la tipología de los diccionarios existentes, al lado de los diccionarios generales de lengua, que son los más extendidos, conocidos y empleados, nos encontramos con otros muchos tipos de repertorios lexicográficos, como los de sinónimos, los analógicos, los de frecuencias… y, entre ellos, los diccionarios ortográficos. Nuestra idea es acercarnos a este tipo de obras lexicográficas, partiendo de su definición, su origen y características más señaladas. Después presentaremos los diccionarios ortográficos del español, para ir analizándolos con cierto detalle. La idea es mostrar un panorama de este tipo de obras que también contribuyen a completar elanálisis de los diccionarios existentes.Cuando nos acercamos a la tipología de los diccionarios existentes, al lado de los diccionarios generales de lengua, que son los más extendidos, conocidos y empleados, nos encontramos con otros muchos tipos de repertorios lexicográficos, como los de sinónimos, los analógicos, los de frecuencias… y, entre ellos, los diccionarios ortográficos. Nuestra idea es acercarnos a este tipo de obras lexicográficas, partiendo de su definición, su origen y características más señaladas. Después presentaremos los diccionarios ortográficos del español, para ir analizándolos con cierto detalle. La idea es mostrar un panorama de este tipo de obras que también contribuyen a completar elanálisis de los diccionarios existentes.When we approach the typology of the dictionaries, next to the general dictionaries of language, which are the most widespread, acquaintances and employees, we meet other many types of lexicographical works, since them of synonymous, the analogical ones, those of frequencies… and, between them, the spelling dictionaries. We are going to approach this type of dictionaries, departing from his definition, his origin and more notable characteristics. Later we will present the spelling dictionaries of the Spanish. The aim is to show a panorama of this type of works that also help to complete the analysis of the existing dictionaries

Microbial profiling of a suppressiveness-induced agricultural soil amended with composted almond shells lead to isolation of new biocontrol agents

Vida et al., 2016. Microbial profiling of a suppressiveness-induced agricultural soil amended with composted almond shells lead to isolation of new biocontrol agents. Biological and integrated control of plant pathogens IOBC-WPRS Bulletin Vol. 117, 2016 pp. 140-143This study focused on the microbial profile present in an agricultural soil that becomes suppressive after the application of composted almond shells (AS) as organic amendments. The role of microbes in the suppression of Rosellinia necatrix, the causative agent of avocado white root rot, was determined after heat-treatment and complementation experiments with different types of soil. Bacterial and fungal profiles based on the 16S rRNA gene and ITS sequencing, the soil under the influence of composted almond shells revealed an increase in Proteobacteria and Ascomycota groups, as well as a reduction in Acidobacteria and Xylariales (where R. necatrix is allocated). Complementary to these findings, functional analysis by GeoChip 4.6 confirmed the improvement of a group of specific probes included in the “soil benefit” category was present only in AS-amended soils, corresponding to specific microorganisms previously described as potential biocontrol agents, such as Pseudomonas spp., Burkholderia spp. or Actinobacteria. Based in such data, a model for the microbial-based suppressiveness is proposed and further isolation of representative microorganisms were performed.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Deciphering the suppressive soil microbiota from an avocado crop

Comunicación en pósterDifferent strategies based on ecological principles have been approached in sustainable agriculture causing positive effects, including the induction of soil suppressiveness against a wide range of soilborne pathogens. Suppressiveness against the phytopathogenic fungus Rosellinia necatrix was observed after the application of composted almond shells in avocado crops. Previous works have analyzed the use of this traditional strategy and applied new microbial community analysis techniques in order to help in the identification of targeted sustainable agricultural strategies. These studies have focused on the microbial profile from an induced-suppressive soil where the soil microbiome had a proven essential role. Microbial profiles based on the 16S rRNA gene and ITS regions sequencing were analysed and an increase in Gammaproteobacteria and Dothideomycetes groups, as well as a reduction in Xylariales (where R. necatrix is allocated) were observed. These results led to the bacterial isolation of different groups of Gammaproteobacteria from this suppressive soil in order to identify new strains with biological control properties. Different characterization tests were performed, and a final selection of representative strains belonging to the genus Pseudomonas and related groups showed, all of them, plant disease protection abilities. Moreover, using previously described biological control agents against R. necatrix, a bacterial synthetic community have been design in order to improve the knowledge of the multitrophic interactions that occur during biological control process.This work was supported by Plan Nacional I+D+I (MINECO, Spain) (AGL2014-52518-C2-IR) and co-financed by FEDER funds (EU). C.Vida was supported by a PhD fellowship from the FPI program of MINECO. Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Isolation, characterization and selection of Pseudomonas spp. as biological control agents from a suppressive soil

Bacterial profile from a suppressive soil against Rosellinia necatrix, fungal pathogen of avocado roots, were obtained by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results revealed a significant increase in the bacterial class of Gammaproteobacteria, especially in some antagonistic representatives of Pseudomonas spp. For this reason, a collection of 246 bacterial isolates was obtained from this suppressive soil in order to identify new strains with antifungal activity against this fungal phytopathogen. First, we performed an isolation on a selective medium for Pseudomonas-like microorganisms. Then, we used different characterization tests in order to analyse the bacterial collection, including the identification of the general metabolic profile of glucose, the profiling of antifungals produced, both the putative production of antifungal compounds and lytic exoenzymes, as well as the evaluation of traits related with beneficial effects on plants. A final selection of representative strains resulted in antifungal isolates belonging to the genus Pseudomonas and related groups. These selected strains were tested for plant protection by an in vivo experiment using avocado and wheat plants challenged by the pathogen R. necatrix, showing all of them an antifungal ability and plant disease protection.This work was supported by Plan Nacional I+D+I from MINECO (Spain) (AGL2014-52518-C2-IR) and co-financed by FEDER funds (EU). C.Vida was supported by a PhD fellowship from the FPI program of MINECO.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

La protección jurídica del nasciturus en el ordenamiento jurídico español

The objective in the present lines focuses on the positive legal aspect, specifically regarding the protection that the Spanish Legal Order grants to the nasciturus in two planes; one, which is responsible for recognizing their status and rights as nasciturus and, secondly, the sanctioning or repressive plan that includes the various sanctions for conduct that, in some way, transgress the recognition and legal protection provided to it. We are faced with one of the issues that, undoubtedly, has provoked oneof the social debates of our time.

El señor de Viñaka: El pongo de la Yunka

La presente investigación consiste en un análisis y exposición de un proceso religioso en el contexto de producción y comercialización de la coca en la región conocida como el VRAEM. Trata de cómo se fue construyendo un culto a una deidad cristiana que sin embargo tiene fuertes raíces en la religiosidad andina prehispánica. Los agentes que forjaron este culto están muy relacionados al sacerdocio andino y el chamanismo propio de las culturas andinas.--- This investigation is an analysis and exposition about religious process in production and marketing context of coca in VRAEM region. It is a studio how Christian religion constructed, but Andean religion roots are very important. The agents that make this cult are much related with Andean shamanism in Andean culture Key Words: Andean religion- cocaleros- shamanismTesi

PESCADORAS EN LA CALETA DE CHORRILLOS-LIMA

Se describe y analiza algunos elementos de la pesca artesanal y la participación de las mujeres como protagonistas. Así mismo, entender que piensan las pescadoras de su trabajo, si existe algún tabú en torno a su participación y cómo responden ellas frente a las restricciones que se gestan en torno a esta actividad económica.It describes and analyzes some elements of artisanal fisheries and participation of women as protagonists. Also, understand that fisherwomen think of their work, if there is any taboo around their participation and how they respond against the restrictions that are developing around this economic activity

Dictionaries, a translation tool for Cervantes in France and Italy during the 17th century

El presente trabajo se enmarca en investigaciones más amplias que estamos llevando a cabo y que pretenden relacionar la obra de Cervantes, algunas de sus traducciones y los repertorios lexicográficos. En este caso, partiendo de una selección de léxico perteneciente al ámbito militar que aparece en la primera parte del Quijote, manejamos el contexto cervantino en que se enmarcan estas voces, comprobamos su traducción al francés (realizada por Oudin) y al italiano (realizada por Franciosini), y revisamos la información que nos ofrecen sobre estas voces algunos de los diccionarios fundamentales que manejaban los escritores y los traductores en el siglo XVII (Covarrubias, Dictionnaire de l’Académie française, Vocabolario della Crusca, Trésor espagnol-français de Oudin y Vocabolario espagnolo-italiano de Franciosini) y en el siglo XVIII (Diccionario de Autoridades de la Real Academia Española). Esta investigación ayudará a acercarnos a los diccionarios como herramienta fundamental de la traducción en literatura.This paper is part of a broader ongoing research, which focuses on the relationship between Cervantes’ language, the translations of his works and the ancient lexicographical repertoires. Our starting point is a selection of military vocabulary extracted from the first part of Don Quijote, in order to verify its translations to French (by Oudin), and to Italian (by Franciosini) languages, taking into account the Cervantine context in which this military vocabulary appears. Secondly, we present some lexicographical data recovered from the most relevant monolingual and bilingual dictionaries of the seventeenth (Covarrubias, Dictionnaire de l’Académie française, Vocabolario della Crusca, Trésor espagnol-français (Oudin) and Vocabolario espagnolo-italiano (Franciosini) and the eighteenth centuries (Diccionario de Autoridades (RAE). The result of the present research will show that dictionaries were an indispensable tool for literary translators

Isolation, characterization and selection of bacterial isolates from a suppressive soil with beneficial traits to plants

Backgrounds This study focused on the characterization and selection of bacterial strains obtained from a suppressive soil displaying antifungal activity against the soilborne phytopathogenic fungi Rosellinia necatrix. Bacterial profile from this suppressive soil were first obtained by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, revealing a significant increase in the bacterial class Gammaproteobacteria, especially in some antagonistic representatives of Pseudomonas spp. Objectives To obtain and characterize a collection of 246 bacterial isolates obtained from this suppressive soil, in order to identify new strains with antifungal activity against fungal phytopathogens. Methods To obtain the bacterial collection, we performed an isolation on a selective medium for Pseudomonas-like microorganisms. Further characterization tests were used in order to analyse the bacterial collection, including identification of the general metabolic profile of glucose, the profiling of antifungals produced, including both the putative production of antifungal compounds and lytic exoenzymes, and the evaluation of traits related with beneficial effects on plants. Conclusions A final selection of representative strains resulted in antifungal isolates belonging to the genus Pseudomonas, but also some representatives of the genera Serratia and Stenotrophomonas. These selected strains were tested for plant protection by an in vivo experiment using avocado and wheat plants challenged by the pathogen R. necatrix, showing all of them an antifungal ability and plant disease protection. Pseudomonas-like strains isolated from suppressive soils constitute an excellent source for novel microbial biocontrol agents against soilborne fungal pathogens. This work was supported by grant AGL2014-52518-C2-1-R. Carmen Vida and Sandra Tienda are supported by a PhD fellowship from the FPI program of the Spanish Government.This work was supported by grant AGL2014-52518-C2-1-R. Carmen Vida and Sandra Tienda are supported by a PhD fellowship from the FPI program of the Spanish Government; Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Los diccionarios en la traducción de la literatura española durante el siglo XVII: Francia e Italia

The literary relationships between Spain, France and Italy were strong during the 17th and 18th centuries. The interest in their respective literary works promoted many translations with the aim of making them accessible to interested readers. Dictionaries became a fundamental tool to facilitate understanding of confusing expressions and ambiguous words, both for native speakers and for translators. This paper focuses on the relationships between literature and lexicography and particularly on how the vocabulary of Cervantes’ works is presented in some of the most important monolingual and bilingual dictionaries in the 17th century: Covarrubias (1611), Oudin (1607) and Franciosini (1620). Bilingual lexicographic repertoires contained long explanations and not only a sequence of equivalent words. They included extensive definitions, information about idiomatic expressions, examples and proverbs which helped to understand the literary texts