Asiakirjojen tiedoksiantomenettelyt kotimaas-sa ja kansainvälisesti

Tässä opinnäytetyössä tarkastelen asiakirjojen tiedoksiantomenetelmien käyttöä kotimaisissa ja kansainvälisissä yhteyksissä. Opinnäytetyöni keskeisenä tutkimuskysymyksenä esittelen tiedoksiannon kehityksen linjaa sekä sen merkityksestä käräjäoikeuksissa. Lisäksi kerron käräjäoikeuksissa käytössä olevista erilaisista tiedoksiantomenetelmistä nyt ja tulevaisuudessa kutsujen ja haasteiden osalta. Työni alku perustuu tiedoksiannon historiaan, jonka jälkeen paneudun nykypäivän tilaan. Työssäni käsiteltävällä tiedoksiannolla oikeudenkäynnissä tarkoitetaan haasteiden, kutsujen ja muiden oikeudellisten asiakirjojen antamista asianosaisen tai muun henkilön tietoon. Tiedoksiannolla on suuri merkitys oikeudenkäynnissä asianomaisen oikeusturvan kannalta unoh-tamatta vähäisten resurssien tehokasta käyttöä. Työni perustuu joiltakin osin kansainväliseen oikeusapuun, jonka olen rajannut Pohjoismaiseen ja EU-maiden väliseen tiedoksiantoon. Kansainvälisestä tiedoksiannosta yritän esittää realistisen kuvan nykytilasta sekä käsityksen huomioon otettavista asioista tiedoksiantoprosessin aikana, kun asianosainen asuu EU-maissa tai Pohjoismaissa. Keskeisempiä lähteistä työssäni olen käyttänyt oikeudenkäymiskaarta (OK 1.1.1734/4), hallituksen esitystä (HE 123/2009) sekä kansainvälisistä tiedoksiannoista tehtyjä sopimuksia. Työni kuluessa olen haastatellut käräjäoikeuksien henkilökuntaa.Service procedures of documents in domestic and internationally In this thesis service procedures of documents, which are used in domestic and international connection, are considered. As the most important research subject, the development line of the service, and its sense in the district court, is presented. Furthermore, different service procedures used in connection with subpoena and summons are explored in detail. In legal proceeding summons, subpoena and other juridical documents informing the parties or other people involved are called service. Servicing plays a significant role in the legal protection of the proper, not to mention effective use of small resources. The thesis is partially based on international legal assistance, of which only servicing between the Nordic and EU countries is focused on. The aim is to create a clear picture of the current state of international service and to provide a general understanding of matters that should be taken into account during declaration processes in situations, in which the party lives, in one of the EU countries or in Scandinavia. As the main source of law I have used code of Judicial Procedure (OK 1.1.1734/4), the Governmental Bill (HE 123/2009) as well as agreements on international service of notice. During the work I have also interviewed district court staff

Photo-induced luminescence

The present paper is a critical review dealing with the characteristics, reaction mechanisms and photoproducts, instrumentation and analytical applications of the photo-induced either chemiluminescence or fluorescence. Special attention is paid to the determination of pesticides by continuous-flow methodologies. The paper is divided into several sections covering the most relevant published papers.Catalá Icardo, M.; Martínez Calatayud, JM. (2008). Photo-induced luminescence. Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry. 38(2):118-130. doi:10.1080/10408340802039609S118130382Lukasiewicz, R. J., & Fitzgerald, J. M. (1973). Digital integration method for fluorimetric studies of photochemically unstable compounds. Analytical Chemistry, 45(3), 511-517. doi:10.1021/ac60325a002Aaron, J. J., Villafranca, J. E., White, V. R., & Fitzgerald, J. M. (1976). A Quantitative Photochemical-Fluorimetric Method for Measurement of Nonfluorescent Vitamin K1. Applied Spectroscopy, 30(2), 159-162. doi:10.1366/000370276774456408Coly, A., & Aaron, J.-J. (1998). Fluorimetric analysis of pesticides: Methods, recent developments and applications. Talanta, 46(5), 815-843. doi:10.1016/s0039-9140(97)00366-4Aaron, J.-J., & Coly, A. (2000). Luminescence methods in pesticide analysis. Applications to the environment. Analusis, 28(8), 699-709. doi:10.1051/analusis:2000280699Catalá Icardo, M., Garcı́a Mateo, J. V., & Martı́nez Calatayud, J. (2002). Multicommutation as a powerful new analytical tool. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 21(5), 366-378. doi:10.1016/s0165-9936(02)00505-8Coly, A. (1999). Photochemically-induced fluorescence determination of sulfonylurea herbicides using micellar media. Talanta, 49(1), 107-117. doi:10.1016/s0039-9140(98)00349-xWerkhoven-Goewie, C. E., Boon, W. M., Praat, A. J. J., Frei, R. W., Brinkman, U. A. T., & Little, C. J. (1982). Preconcentration and LC analysis of chlorophenols, using a styrene-divinyl-benzene copolymeric sorbent and photochemical reaction detection. Chromatographia, 16(1), 53-59. doi:10.1007/bf02258869Scholten, A. H. M. T., Welling, P. L. M., Brinkman, U. A. T., & Frei, R. W. (1980). Use of PTFE coils in post-column photochemical reactors for liquid chromatograph — application to pharmaceuticals. Journal of Chromatography A, 199, 239-248. doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(01)91376-7Batley, G. E. (1984). Use of Teflon components in photochemical reactors. Analytical Chemistry, 56(12), 2261-2262. doi:10.1021/ac00276a066Engelhardt, H., & Neue, U. D. (1982). Reaction detector with three dimensional coiled open tubes in HPLC. Chromatographia, 15(7), 403-408. doi:10.1007/bf02261598Coly, A., & Aaron, J.-J. (1994). Photochemical–spectrofluorimetric method for the determination of several aromatic insecticides. The Analyst, 119(6), 1205-1209. doi:10.1039/an9941901205ALBERTGARCIA, J., ICARDO, M., & CALATAYUD, J. (2006). Analytical strategy photodegradation/chemiluminescence/continuous-flow multicommutation methodology for the determination of the herbicide Propanil. Talanta, 69(3), 608-614. doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2005.10.044Coly, A., & Aaron, J.-J. (1998). Cyclodextrin-enhanced fluorescence and photochemically-induced fluorescence determination of five aromatic pesticides in water. Analytica Chimica Acta, 360(1-3), 129-141. doi:10.1016/s0003-2670(97)00721-6Poulsen, J. B., Birks, K. S., Gandelman, M. S., & Birks, J. W. (1986). Crocheted PTFE reactors for post-column photochemistry in HPLC. Chromatographia, 22(7-12), 231-234. doi:10.1007/bf02268764Martínez Calatayud, J. 1988.Flow Injection Analysis of Pharmaceuticals. Automation in the Laboratory, 458London, UK: Taylor and Francis Ltd.Palomeque, M., Garcı́a Bautista, J. ., Catalá Icardo, M., Garcı́a Mateo, J. ., & Martı́nez Calatayud, J. (2004). Photochemical-chemiluminometric determination of aldicarb in a fully automated multicommutation based flow-assembly. Analytica Chimica Acta, 512(1), 149-156. doi:10.1016/j.aca.2004.02.031Chivulescu, A., Catalá-Icardo, M., Garcı́a Mateo, J. ., & Martı́nez Calatayud, J. (2004). New flow-multicommutation method for the photo-chemiluminometric determination of the carbamate pesticide asulam. Analytica Chimica Acta, 519(1), 113-120. doi:10.1016/j.aca.2004.05.046PAWLICOVÁ, Z., ALBERT-GARCÍA, J. R., SAHUQUILLO, I., GARCÍA MATEO, J. V., CATALÁ ICARDO, M., & MARTÍNEZ CALATAYUD, J. (2006). Chemiluminescent Determination of the Pesticide Bromoxynil by On-line Photodegradation in a Flow-Injection System. Analytical Sciences, 22(1), 29-34. doi:10.2116/analsci.22.29Mervartová, K., Calatayud, J. M., & Icardo, M. C. (2005). A Fully Automated Assembly Using Solenoid Valves for the Photodegradation and Chemiluminometric Determination of the Herbicide Chlorsulfuron. Analytical Letters, 38(1), 179-194. doi:10.1081/al-200043477Coly, A., & Aaron, J.-J. (1999). Sensitive and rapid flow injection analysis of sulfonylurea herbicides in water with micellar-enhanced photochemically induced fluorescence detection. Analytica Chimica Acta, 392(2-3), 255-264. doi:10.1016/s0003-2670(99)00229-9Garcı́a-Campaña, A. M., Aaron, J.-J., & Bosque-Sendra, J. M. (2001). Micellar-enhanced photochemically induced fluorescence detection of chlorophenoxyacid herbicides. Flow injection analysis of mecoprop and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Talanta, 55(3), 531-539. doi:10.1016/s0039-9140(01)00470-2Parrilla�V�zquez, P., Gil�Garc�a, M. D., Barranco�Mart�nez, D., & Mart�nez�Galera, M. (2005). Application of coupled-column liquid chromatography combined with post-column photochemically induced fluorimetry derivatization and fluorescence detection to the determination of pyrethroid insecticides in vegetable samples. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 381(6), 1217-1225. doi:10.1007/s00216-004-3043-xIrace-Guigand, S., Leverend, E., Seye, M. D. G., & Aaron, J. J. (2005). A new on-line micellar-enhanced photochemically-induced fluorescence method for determination of phenylurea herbicide residues in water. Luminescence, 20(3), 138-142. doi:10.1002/bio.817Liu, L., & Guo, Q.-X. (2002). Journal of Inclusion Phenomena and Macrocyclic Chemistry, 42(1/2), 1-14. doi:10.1023/a:1014520830813Frankewich, R. P., Thimmaiah, K. N., & Hinze, W. L. (1991). Evaluation of the relative effectiveness of different water-soluble .beta.-cyclodextrin media to function as fluorescence enhancement agents. Analytical Chemistry, 63(24), 2924-2933. doi:10.1021/ac00024a023Patel, B. M., Moye, H. A., & Weinberger, R. (1991). Postcolumn formation of fluorophores from nitrogenous pesticides by UV photolysis. Talanta, 38(8), 913-922. doi:10.1016/0039-9140(91)80272-2Torrents, A., Anderson, B. G., Bilboulian, S., Johnson, W. E., & Hapeman, C. J. (1997). Atrazine Photolysis:  Mechanistic Investigations of Direct and Nitrate-Mediated Hydroxy Radical Processes and the Influence of Dissolved Organic Carbon from the Chesapeake Bay. Environmental Science & Technology, 31(5), 1476-1482. doi:10.1021/es9607289Dogliotti, L., & Hayon, E. (1967). Flash photolysis of per[oxydi]sulfate ions in aqueous solutions. The sulfate and ozonide radical anions. The Journal of Physical Chemistry, 71(8), 2511-2516. doi:10.1021/j100867a019Pérez-Ruiz, T. (2001). Flow injection determination of methamidophos using online photo-oxidation and fluorimetric detection. Talanta, 54(5), 989-995. doi:10.1016/s0039-9140(01)00369-1Pérez-Ruiz, T., Martínez-Lozano, C., Tomás, V., & Martín, J. (2002). FLOW INJECTION SPECTROFLUORIMETRIC DETERMINATION OF MALATHION IN ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES USING ON-LINE PHOTOOXIDATION. Analytical Letters, 35(7), 1239-1250. doi:10.1081/al-120005976Pérez-Ruiz, T., Martínez-Lozano, C., Tomás, V., & Martín, J. (2002). Fluorimetric determination of arsanilic acid by flow-injection analysis using on-line photo-oxidation. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 372(2), 387-390. doi:10.1007/s00216-001-1173-yPérez-Ruiz, T., Martı́nez-Lozano, C., Tomás, V., & Martı́n, J. (2001). Flow-injection fluorimetric method for the determination of dimethylarsinic acid using on-line photo-oxidation. Analytica Chimica Acta, 447(1-2), 229-235. doi:10.1016/s0003-2670(01)01299-5Baird, C. 1995.Environmental Chemistry, 509–510. New York: W. H. Freeman and Company.Bauer, R., & Fallmann, H. (1997). The Photo-Fenton Oxidation — A cheap and efficient wastewater treatment method. Research on Chemical Intermediates, 23(4), 341-354. doi:10.1163/156856797x00565Huston, P. L., & Pignatello, J. J. (1999). Degradation of selected pesticide active ingredients and commercial formulations in water by the photo-assisted Fenton reaction. Water Research, 33(5), 1238-1246. doi:10.1016/s0043-1354(98)00330-3CATASTINI, C., SARAKHA, M., MAILHOT, G., & BOLTE, M. (2002). Iron (III) aquacomplexes as effective photocatalysts for the degradation of pesticides in homogeneous aqueous solutions. The Science of The Total Environment, 298(1-3), 219-228. doi:10.1016/s0048-9697(02)00219-xZepp, R. G., Schlotzhauer, P. F., & Sink, R. M. (1985). Photosensitized transformations involving electronic energy transfer in natural waters: role of humic substances. Environmental Science & Technology, 19(1), 74-81. doi:10.1021/es00131a008Pérez-Ruiz, T., Lozano, C. M., Tomás, V., & Martı́n, J. (2003). Flow injection chemiluminescence determination of carbaryl using photolytic decomposition and photogenerated tris (2,2′-bipyridyl)ruthenium(III). Analytica Chimica Acta, 476(1), 141-148. doi:10.1016/s0003-2670(02)01355-7Pérez-Ruiz, T., Martínez-Lozano, C., Tomás, V., & Martín, J. (2002). Chemiluminescence determination of carbofuran and promecarb by flow injection analysis using two photochemical reactions. The Analyst, 127(11), 1526-1530. doi:10.1039/b207460pMiles, C. J., & Moye, H. A. (1988). Postcolumn photolysis of pesticides for fluorometric determination by high-performance liquid chromatography. Analytical Chemistry, 60(3), 220-226. doi:10.1021/ac00154a007Soto-Chinchilla, J. J., Garcı́a-Campaña, A. M., Gámiz-Gracia, L., Cuadros-Rodrı́guez, L., & Vidal, J. L. M. (2004). Determination of a N-methylcarbamate pesticide in environmental samples based on the application of photodecomposition and peroxyoxalate chemiluminescent detection. Analytica Chimica Acta, 524(1-2), 235-240. doi:10.1016/j.aca.2004.05.084And, S. T., & Aaron, J. J. (1987). Fluorimetric Determination of Non-Fluorescent Dinitroaniline Derivative Herbicides, Using the Photoreduction of Anthraquinone - 2, 6-Disulfonate. Analytical Letters, 20(12), 1995-2009. doi:10.1080/00032718708078040Miles, C. J., & Anson Moye, H. (1987). High performance liquid chromatography with post-column photolysis of pesticides for generation of fluorophores. Chromatographia, 24(1), 628-632. doi:10.1007/bf02688556Patel, B. M., Moye, H. A., & Weinberger, R. (1990). Formation of fluorophores from nitrogenous pesticides by photolysis and reaction with OPA-2-mercaptoethanol for fluorescence detection in liquid chromatography. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 38(1), 126-134. doi:10.1021/jf00091a027Durand, G., Barceló, D., Albaigés, J., & Mansour, M. (1990). Utilisation of liquid chromatography in aquatic photodegradation studies of pesticides: A comparison between distilled water and seawater. Chromatographia, 29(3-4), 120-124. doi:10.1007/bf02268696Rosen, J. D., Strusz, R. F., & Still, C. C. (1969). Photolysis of phenylurea herbicides. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 17(2), 206-207. doi:10.1021/jf60162a046Lay, J. P., Klein, W., & Korte, F. (1975). Beiträge zur ökologischen Chemie C. Chemosphere, 4(3), 161-168. doi:10.1016/0045-6535(75)90094-6Tanaka, F. S., Hoffer, B. L., & Wien, R. G. (1985). Detection of halogenated biphenyls from sunlight photolysis of chlorinated herbicides in aqueous solution. Pesticide Science, 16(3), 265-270. doi:10.1002/ps.2780160309Pelizzetti, E., Maurino, V., Minero, C., Carlin, V., Tosato, M. L., Pramauro, E., & Zerbinati, O. (1990). Photocatalytic degradation of atrazine and other s-triazine herbicides. Environmental Science & Technology, 24(10), 1559-1565. doi:10.1021/es00080a016Chukwudebe, A., March, R. B., Othman, M., & Fukuto, T. R. (1989). Formation of trialkyl phosphorothioate esters from organophosphorus insecticides after exposure to either ultraviolet light or sunlight. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 37(2), 539-545. doi:10.1021/jf00086a058Durand, G., De Bertrand, N., & Barceló, D. (1991). Applications of thermospray liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in photochemical studies of pesticides in water. Journal of Chromatography A, 554(1-2), 233-250. doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(01)88453-3WOLFE, N., ZEPP, R., & PARIS, D. (1978). Carbaryl, propham and chlorpropham: A comparison of the rates of hydrolysis and photolysis with the rate of biolysis. Water Research, 12(8), 565-571. doi:10.1016/0043-1354(78)90134-3Samanidou, V., Fytianos, K., Pfister, G., & Bahadir, M. (1988). Photochemical decomposition of carbamate pesticides in natural waters of northern Greece. Science of The Total Environment, 76(1), 85-92. doi:10.1016/0048-9697(88)90287-2Konstantinou, I. K., Sakkas, V. A., & Albanis, T. A. (2001). Photocatalytic degradation of the herbicides propanil and molinate over aqueous TiO2 suspensions: identification of intermediates and the reaction pathway. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 34(3), 227-239. doi:10.1016/s0926-3373(01)00218-1Machado, F., Collin, L., & Boule, P. (1995). Photolysis of bromoxynil (3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile) in aqueous solution. Pesticide Science, 45(2), 107-110. doi:10.1002/ps.2780450203Boule, P., Guyon, C., & Lemaire, J. (1982). Photochemistry and environment IV- Photochemical behaviour of monochlorophenols in dilute aqueous solution. Chemosphere, 11(12), 1179-1188. doi:10.1016/0045-6535(82)90031-5Almansa Lopez, E. (2003). Simultaneous quantification of chlorophenoxyacid herbicides based on time-resolved photochemical derivatization to induce fluorescence in micellar medium. Talanta, 60(2-3), 355-367. doi:10.1016/s0039-9140(03)00109-7Garcia, L. F., Eremin, S., & Aaron, J.-J. (1996). Flow-Injection Analysis of Chlorophenoxyacid Herbicides using Photochemically Induced Fluorescence Detectiona. Analytical Letters, 29(8), 1447-1461. doi:10.1080/00032719608001493Lahuerta Zamora, L., Fuster Mestre, Y., Duart, M. J., Antón Fos, G. M., García Doménech, R., Gálvez Álvarez, J., & Martínez Calatayud, J. (2001). Prediction of the Chemiluminescent Behavior of Pharmaceuticals and Pesticides. Analytical Chemistry, 73(17), 4301-4306. doi:10.1021/ac010133iGómez-Taylor Corominas, B. (2003). Prediction of the chemiluminescent behaviour of phenols and polyphenols. Talanta, 60(2-3), 623-628. doi:10.1016/s0039-9140(03)00105-xPolo Martí, E., Catalá Icardo, M., Lahuerta Zamora, L., Antón Fos, G. M., & Martínez Calatayud, J. (2004). Theoretical prediction of the chemiluminescence behaviour of the ergot alkaloids. Analytica Chimica Acta, 527(2), 177-186. doi:10.1016/j.aca.2004.07.026P�rez-Ruiz, T., Mart�nez-Lozano, C., Tom�s, V., Sanz, A., & Garre, R. (2003). Flow Injection Spectrophotometric Determination of Ferbam Based on a Photochemical Reaction. Microchimica Acta, 142(4), 231-235. doi:10.1007/s00604-003-0027-zRoda, A., Rauch, P., Ferri, E., Girotti, S., Ghini, S., Carrea, G., & Bovara, R. (1994). Chemiluminescent flow sensor for the determination of Paraoxon and Aldicarb pesticides. Analytica Chimica Acta, 294(1), 35-42. doi:10.1016/0003-2670(94)85043-7Maniasso, N., Zagatto, E. A. G., Reis, S., Santos, J. L. M., & Lima, J. L. F. C. (1999). Exploitation of micellar medium for photochemical-spectrofluorimetric flow-injection determination of fenvalerate. Laboratory Automation & Information Management, 34(2), 143-148. doi:10.1016/s1381-141x(99)00016-7Vı́lchez, J. ., Valencia, M. ., Navalón, A., Molinero-Morales, B., & Capitán-Vallvey, L. . (2001). Flow injection analysis of the insecticide imidacloprid in water samples with photochemically induced fluorescence detection. Analytica Chimica Acta, 439(2), 299-305. doi:10.1016/s0003-2670(01)01039-

A step ahead on efficient microwave heating for kaolinite

[EN] The thermal evolution of kaolin clay under microwave radiation shows an unexpected large heating rate up to 500 degrees C/min for temperatures > 650 degrees C. Such heating rate is associated with a resistivity drop of > 10(3) Omega.m observed after the dehydroxylation process of the kaolin structure. The high efficiency of the microwave heating effect is correlated with the presence of surface carriers that absorbs microwaves electromagnetic field. The layered structure of the clay-based materials allows the appearance of charge carriers at the surface of the crystal lattice that is electromagnetically activated. This effect represents a breakthrough in the efficient use of microwaves energy in order to produce efficient thermal treatments in large volume of non-metallic minerals with a drastic reduction of the greenhouse gasses for mass production industries.The authors express their thanks to the project MAT-2017-86450-C4-1-R from the Spanis Goverment for the financial support.Reinosa, JJ.; García-Baños, B.; Catalá Civera, JM.; Fernández Lozano, JF. (2019). A step ahead on efficient microwave heating for kaolinite. Applied Clay Science. 168:237-243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2018.11.001S23724316

Osteosíntesis mínimamente invasiva con placa en fracturas de radio distal tipo C

Introducción. La tendencia hacia el uso de técnicas mínimamente invasivas (MIPO) en el tratamiento de fracturas se justifica, por la reducción de la exposición de la fractura y la disección de los planos musculares, lo que facilita la recuperación precoz. Material y Método. Se realizó un estudio en dos fases, la primera descriptiva retrospectiva de una serie de 48 casos, y la segunda, del estudio longitudinal prospectivo de una serie de 23 casos, que se sometieron a MIPO tras una fractura intraarticular de radio distal tipo C de AO. Además de las variables: edad, sexo, lateralidad y mecanismo de lesión, se evaluaron los resultados funcionales, dolor, rango de movimiento y fuerza, a través de Mayo Wrist Score escala y el cuestionario DASH. Las fracturas se clasificaron utilizando las directrices AO, se evaluaron los resultados radiológicos y complicaciones. Resultados. Se realizó la descripción del abordaje quirúrgico de los71 pacientes: 43 mujeres y 28 hombres, con una media de edad de 57 años. El lado más afectado fue el izquierdo con 51 casos. El resultado funcional fue 68,33 en el primer estudio (retrospectivo) y 85,86 en el estudio prospectivo. Observamos una pérdida de fuerza en comparación con el lado contralateral, medida con un dinamómetro, de 5,19 Kg. (retrospectivo) y 2,98 Kg. (prospectivo). Radiográ- ficamente no hubo colapso intraarticular o pérdida de la reducción en el estudio prospectivo, y la consolidación se obtuvo en el 100% de los casos. Se observó, en el segundo estudio, un caso de síndrome de dolor regional complejo y sólo un caso requirió la retirada de material debido a la protrusión dorsal de un tornillo. Conclusiones. Se trata de una técnica segura que permite la reducción y estabilización de las fracturas de la extremidad distal del radio. No solo la estética, sino también, los resultados funcionales son mejores con la técnica MIPO.Introduction. The current trend towards the use of minimally invasive techniques (MIPO) in the treatment of fractures is justified by the reduced exposure of the fracture and dissection of the muscle planes, which facilitates early recovery. Materials and Methods. We performed a double study, a retrospective descriptive study of a series of 48 cases and a prospective longitudinal study of a series of 23 patients that underwent MIPO after intra-articular distal radius fracture. In addition to the variables: age, sex, side and injury mechanism, etc., functional outcomes, pain, range of motion and strength, through Mayo Wrist Score scale and DASH were assessed. Fractures were classified using the AO guidelines, radiological results and complications were assessed. Results. We conducted the description of surgical approach with surgical images. We analyzed a total of 71 patients, 43 women and 28 men with a mean age of 57 years. The most affected side was the left with 51 cases. According to the Mayo Wrist Score, functional outcome was 68,33 in the first study (retrospective) and 85.86 in the prospective study. A mean loss in strength, measured with a dynamometer of 5,19 Kg. (retrospective) and 2,98 Kg. (prospective), was observed when compared to the contralateral side. Radiographically no intraarticular collapse or loss reduction were observed in prospective study, and consolidation was obtained in 100% of the cases. One case of complex regional pain syndrome was observed and only one case required the removal of material because of dorsal protrusion of a screw in this study. Conclusions. It is a safe technique that allows the reduction and stabilization of fractures of the distal radius. Not only the aesthetic but also functional results are better with MIPO technique

Flow injection biamperometric determination of chloramine-T in environmental, pharmaceutical and veterinary samples

[EN] A flow injection assembly for the determination of chloramine-T is proposed. The sample (213 mu l) is inserted into the carrier, de-ionized water flowing at 4.1 mi min(-1). This carrier merges with a mixture of potassium iodide and sulphuric acid, and the resulting solution flows to the flow cell through a reactor 66 cm long. The chloramine-T oxidises the iodide to tri-iodide. The resulting iodide/iodine ratio is biamperometrically tested. The calibration graph is linear up to 65 mu g ml(-1) chloramine-T; the limit of detection is 0.5 mu g ml(-1); the relative standard deviation (r.s.d) of the calibration slope is 2.8% for a series of eight independent calibrations. The r.s.d. of a series of 74 peaks for 40 mu g ml(-1) chloramine-T) is 0.8%, and the sample throughput 220 h(-1). Few foreign substances interfered. The method is applied to pharmaceutical, veterinary and waste water samples.Catalá-Icardo, M.; Giménez-Romero, D.; García Mateo, J.; Martínez Calatayud, J. (2000). Flow injection biamperometric determination of chloramine-T in environmental, pharmaceutical and veterinary samples. Analytica Chimica Acta. 407(1-2):187-192. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(99)00791-61871924071-

The pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents: protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

[Background] Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders of children and adolescents, with a significant impact on health services and the community in terms of economic and social burdens. The objective of this systematic review will be to evaluate the comparative efficacy and safety of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments in children and adolescents with ADHD.[Methods] Searches involving PubMed/MEDLINE and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews will be used to identify related systematic reviews and relevant randomized trials. Search results will be supplemented by reports from the regulatory and health technology agencies, clinical trials registers and by data requested from trialists and/or pharmaceutical companies. We will consider studies evaluating pharmacological interventions (e.g. stimulants, non-stimulants, antidepressants), psychological interventions (e.g. behavioural interventions, cognitive training and neurofeedback) and complementary and alternative medicine interventions (e.g. dietary interventions, supplement with fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, aminoacids, herbal treatment, homeopathy, and mind-body interventions including massage, chiropractic, acupuncture, yoga, meditation, Tai chi). Eligible control conditions will be placebo, waitlist, no treatment and usual care. Randomized controlled trials of a minimum of 3 weeks duration will be included. The primary outcomes of interest will be the proportion of patients who responded to treatment and who dropped out of the allocated treatment, respectively. Secondary outcomes will include treatment discontinuation due to adverse events, as well as the occurrences of serious adverse events and specific adverse events (decreased weight, anorexia, insomnia and sleep disturbances, anxiety, syncope and cardiovascular events). Two reviewers will independently screen references identified by the literature search, as well as potentially relevant full-text articles in duplicate. Data will be abstracted and risk of bias will be appraised by two team members independently. Conflicts at all levels of screening and abstraction will be resolved through discussion. Random-effects pairwise meta-analyses and Bayesian network meta-analyses will be conducted where appropriate. .[Discussion] This systematic review and network meta-analysis will compare the efficacy and safety of treatments used for ADHD in children and adolescents. The findings will assist patients, clinicians and healthcare providers to make evidence-based decisions regarding treatment selection.Specific funding is provided by the Alicia Koplowitz Foundation (2014 to 2016). RT-S is supported by the Spanish Psychiatric Research Network, Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (CIBERSAM). ADM is partially funded by grant number R24 AT001293 from the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) of the US National Institutes of Health. DM is funded by a University of Ottawa Research Chair

Stretched exponential relaxation for growing interfaces in quenched disordered media

We study the relaxation for growing interfaces in quenched disordered media. We use a directed percolation depinning model introduced by Tang and Leschhorn for 1+1-dimensions. We define the two-time autocorrelation function of the interface height C(t',t) and its Fourier transform. These functions depend on the difference of times t-t' for long enough times, this is the steady-state regime. We find a two-step relaxation decay in this regime. The long time tail can be fitted by a stretched exponential relaxation function. The relaxation time is proportional to the characteristic distance of the clusters of pinning cells in the direction parallel to the interface and it diverges as a power law. The two-step relaxation is lost at a given wave length of the Fourier transform, which is proportional to the characteristic distance of the clusters of pinning cells in the direction perpendicular to the interface. The stretched exponential relaxation is caused by the existence of clusters of pinning cells and it is a direct consequence of the quenched noise.Comment: 4 pages and 5 figures. Submitted (5/2002) to Phys. Rev.

Hereditary gingival fibromatosis : characteristics and treatment approach

Hereditary gingival fibromatosis (HGF) is a rare disorder characterized by a benign, non-hemorrhagic, fibrous gingival overgrowth that can appear in isolation or as part of a syndrome. Clinically, a pink gingiva with marked stippling can be seen to cover almost all the tooth, in many cases preventing eruption. HGF usually begins during the transition from primary to permanent teeth, giving rise to a condition that can have negative psychological effects at that age. As it does not resolve spontaneously, the treatment of choice is gingivectomy, which can be performed with an internal or external bevel incision, depending on each case and bearing in mind the changes that will take place at the dentogingival junction (DGJ). This paper describes clinical aspects and treatment in two eight-year-old boys with HGF, considering different facets of the surgical approach with conscious sedation in young children