Desarrollo de un bioinsecticida a partir de Bacillus thuringiensis y extracto de Agave lechuguilla para el control de Spodoptera frugiperda (J. B. Smith)

Tesis (Doctor en Ciencias con Especialidad enUANLhttp://www.uanl.mx

Determination of blue water footprint in forages crops from irrigation disctrict 017, Comarca Lagunera, Mexico

El objetivo de este trabajo fue la determinación de la huella hídrica azul en los cultivos forrajeros del DR-017 Comarca Lagunera, México. Mediante el uso de indicadores de productividad y eficiencia se desarrollaron modelos matemáticos que permitieron estimar la huella hídrica azul de los cultivos. Los resultados muestran que los forrajes ocuparon 45% de la superficie total agrícola, empleando 94,7% del agua subterránea, generando 33% del Valor Bruto de la Producción agrícola. Los índices de productividad física fueron en promedio 252 L kg-1 (sorgo forrajero 181 L kg-1, avena forrajera 413 L kg- 1, alfalfa L kg-1). El ingreso por m3 empleado fue de US$0,04 m-3 en promedio (maíz forrajero US$ 0,07 m-3, alfalfa US$0,05 m-3). El indicador de eficiencia social mostró que en promedio se generaron 0,048 empleos hm-3 (0,037empleos hm-3 en alfalfa y 0,076 empleos hm-3 en rye grass). Finalmente bajo las mismas condiciones de cultivo, así como de mercado, la cantidad mínima que se requiere producir para tener una operación viable (punto de equilibrio) en promedio fue 39,02 t ha-1. En conclusión, la producción de maíz y sorgo forrajero en la región resultó altamente eficiente y productiva en comparación con los demás cultivos forrajeros lo que se tradujo en una menor huella hídrica azul.The aim of this work was the determination of the blue water footprint in forage crops from DR-017 “Comarca Lagunera", México. By means of productivity and efficiency mathematical models were used to estimate the blue water footprint of forages crops. The results show that forages occupied 45of groundwater, generating 33rates were on average 252 L kg-1 (forage sorghum 181 L kg-1, forage oats 413 L kg-1 alfalfa L kg- 1). Income per m3 was US$ 0.04 m-3 on average (US$0.94 m-3 in forage maize, US$ 0.05 m-3 alfalfa forage). The social efficiency indicator showed in average 0.048 jobs per hectometer (0.037 jobs hm-3 in alfalfa and 0.076 jobs hm-3 in rye grass). Finally, under the same crop y market conditions the minimum amount for a viable operation (break-even point) was 39.02 t ha-1. In conclusion, the production of corn and sorghum forage in the region was highly efficient and productive compared to other forage crops which resulted in lower blue water footprint.Fil: Ríos Flores, José Luis. Universidad Autónoma Chapingo (México)Fil: Torres Moreno, Miriam. México. Secretaría de Agricultura, Ganadería, Desarrollo Rural, Pesca y AlimentaciónFil: Castro Franco, Rafael. Universidad Autónoma Chapingo (México)Fil: Torres Moreno, Marco Antonio. Universidad Autónoma Chapingo (México)Fil: Ruiz Torres, José. Universidad Autónoma Chapingo (México

Pain Perception Before Endodontic Treatment: from Primary Care to Specialized Care

Objective: To analyze patients’ pain perception requiring endodontic treatment referred to a Dental Specialties Center. Material and Methods: Data was collected through a self-administered questionnaire for patients about their experience of pain and another for endodontists about the treatment performed. The results were analyzed descriptively using Pearson’s Chi-square test and Fisher’s Exact test, with Bonferroni correction (p≤0.05). Results: The median age of the patients was 39 years, and 71.1% were female. The median waiting time for treatment was five months. Pain was reported by 75.2% of patients, occurred more than one month earlier (63.6%), with moderate/severe intensity (66.9%), and most patients sought emergency treatment more than once (79.1%). In addition, pain was associated with sex (female; p=0.008); moderate/severe intensity (p<0.001); the number of times that patient had to go to the dentist because of the tooth treatment (twice or more; p=0.002); and type of tooth treated (posterior tooth; p=0.002). Conclusion: Severe pain episodes resulted in a repeated search for emergency services, which may overload the primary care service, especially if the waiting time for endodontic treatment is long

Revisión bibliográfica: Sepsis, las primeras 6 horas son claves

La sepsis es una entidad patológica que genera alto índice de mortalidad a nivel del mundo. Es un cuadro clínico que enmascara un sin número de complicaciones que conlleva a una falla a nivel de muchos órganos de quien la padece, provocando como resultado el choque séptico y muy probablemente la muerte del paciente. Los esfuerzos de la comunidad internacional cada vez son más grandes con el ánimo de combatir el proceso de sepsis dentro de la población mundial, de allí la organización y elaboración de protocolos guías y revisiones bibliográficas apuntan principalmente a las 6 primeras horas de actuación frente al paciente y concepción por esa razón hemos denominado este artículo que las 6 primeras horas de actuación profesional en torno al ámbito sanitario pueden salvar la vida al paciente con sepsis, a continuación presentamos un resumen de las principales claves en la actuación oportuna de los médicos ante esta entidad patológica

Analysis of physical, economic and social water efficiency in asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) and grape (Vitis vinifera) fruit from DR-037 of Altar-Pitiquito-Caborca, Sonora, Mexico 2014

Este trabajo estimó la eficiencia del agua en los cultivos de espárrago y vid en el Distrito de Riego 037 mediante el uso de indicadores que permitieron determinar la eficiencia física, económica y social del agua en el cultivo de espárrago versus uva de mesa. Los indicadores de la eficiencia física, económica y social del agua fueron 2.075 y 625 L kg-1, US$540.924 y US$ 945.190 de utilidad hm-3 y 48,6 y 10,7 empleos hm-3 respectivamente para espárrago y vid. En conclusión, el espárrago en comparación con la uva de mesa es ineficiente en el uso del agua en términos físicos y económicos, mas no sociales, el uso del agua en espárrago genera 4,54 veces más empleo por unidad de agua usada. De los 8.281 empleos, US$163,63 millones de utilidad y 245,63 hm3 de agua usada por ambos cultivos, el espárrago contribuyó con 9156,3de que la proporción utilidad m-3/costo m-3 fue de 29,7, ubica al agua regional dentro de lo que la economía llama la tragedia de los bienes de uso común, lo que ha provocado un serio problema de sobreexplotación del acuífero, pues el productor hace un uso ineficiente del agua.This work estimated the efficiency of water in asparagus and vine crops in Irrigation District 037 through the use of indicators that allowed determining the physical, economic and social efficiency of water in the cultivation of asparagus versus table grape. Indicators of physical, economic and social efficiency of water were 2075 kg and 625 L-1 US$ 540,924 and $945,190 useful hm-3 and 48.6 and 10.7empleos hm-3 respectively for asparagus and vine. In conclusion, asparagus compared with table grapes is inefficient water use in physical and economic but not social terms, water use in asparagus generates 4.54 times more jobs per unit of water used. Of the 8,281 jobs, US$ 163.63 million of utility and 245.63 hm3 of water used by both crops, asparagus contributed with 91%, 56.3% and 69.2% respectively. In Caborca water is a scarce resource, however, even though the proportion utility m-3/cost m-3 was 29.7, it places the regional water within what the economy called the tragedy of the common goods. Which has caused a serious problem of overexploitation of the aquifer, as the producer makes an inefficient use of water.Fil: Ríos Flores, José Luis. Universidad Autónoma Chapingo (México)Fil: Rios Arredondo, Becky Elizabeth. Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila (México)Fil: Cantú Brito, Jesús Enrique. Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro (México)Fil: Rios Arredondo, Hebrián Efraín. Instituto Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey (Coahuila, México)Fil: Armendáriz Erives, Sigifredo. Universidad Autónoma Chapingo (México)Fil: Chávez Rivero, José Antonio. Universidad Autónoma Chapingo (México)Fil: Navarrete Molina, Cayetano. Universidad Autónoma Chapingo (México)Fil: Castro Franco, Rafael. Universidad Autónoma Chapingo (México

Cisto pilonidal no crânio: relato de caso

Pilonidal cysts and sinuses are described as dermoid cysts which contain follicles of hairs and sebaceous glands. They clinically present as a classic case of inflammation which comes with pain, local infection and redness. The origin of pilonidal disease remains controverse. There are many hypothesis as lack of hygiene on the affected area and a penetration and growth of a hair in the subcutaneus tissue caused by constant friction or direct trauma on the damaged area. The option for clinical treatment is very frequent. However, taking into consideration the incidence and the possibility of recidive, surgical treatment is presently recommended. Complications include cellulitis and abscess formation. Pilonidal cysts are mostly found on the sacral region. In the literature is found description of pilonidal cysts on the penis, interdigital region on the hands as well as on the cervical region. We present a case of pilonidal cyst located on the vault biparietal region, without malignant degeneration.Cistos ou seios pilonidais são descritos como cistos dermóides que contêm folículos pilosos, pêlos e glândulas sebáceas. Clinicamente se manifestam com quadro inflamatório clássico traduzido por dor, tumefação local e vermelhidão. A etiopatogenia dos cistos pilonidais permanece controversa. Há várias hipóteses dentre as quais a falta de higiene local e a penetração e crescimento de pêlo no tecido subcutâneo geralmente causado por atrito constante ou trauma sobre o local. A opção pelo tratamento conservador é frequente. Contudo, levando-se em consideração a incidência e a possibilidade de recidivas, esta patologia tem hoje sido tratada cirurgicamente. As complicações comuns do cisto pilonidal incluem celulite, formação de abscesso e recorrência do cisto após o tratamento. Cistos pilonidais são quase na totalidade das vezes encontrados na região sacro-coccígea. Encontramos na literatura descrição de cistos pilonidais no pênis, na região interdigital das mãos e região cervical. Apresentamos um caso de cisto pilonidal de localização biparietal no crânio, sem degeneração maligna.27327

The evolution of CT diagnosed papillae tip microcalcifications: can we predict the development of stones?

OBJECTIVES: To determine the incidence of computed tomography (CT) identifiable Randall plaques in a CT explored population; to determine the clinical relevance of this radiological finding by a 7-year follow-up; to determine a cut point to identify a population with high risk of developing calcium stone disease (SD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective study of all patients explored by abdominal CT in our center between January and March 2005. INCLUSION CRITERIA: age 30-60 years and no SD. Papillae attenuation was measured on nonenhanced CT in Hounsfield units (HU) and the mean of all papillae was calculated. Patients were re-evaluated after 7 years to identify calcium stone formers. Anamnesis and already available CT, ultrasound, kidney, ureter, and bladder radiograph (KUB) or intravenous urography (IVU) images performed as part of their follow-up were used. In patients with no follow-up, ultrasound and KUB were to be performed. Pearson correlation, Student t-test, and the receiver operator curve were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: A total of 362 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were analyzed; 12 developed calcium SD after 7 years. A significant difference was encountered between the papillae attenuation of stone formers (SF) versus non-SF (47.2HU vs. 35.5HU, p=0.001). There was good correlation between papillae attenuation and the possibility of developing SD (R=0.87). An optimal cut point of 43HU with a sensitivity of 81% and specificity of 97%, area under the curve 0.91, separated SF and non-SF. CONCLUSION: Patients with high papillae density have a higher risk of developing SD. A cut point of 43HU could accurately be used to identify a high-risk population

Determinación de la huella hídrica azul en los cultivos forrajeros del DR-017, Comarca Lagunera, México

The aim of this work was the determination of the blue water footprint in forage crops from DR-017 "Comarca Lagunera", México. By means of productivity and efficiency mathematical models were used to estimate the blue water footprint of forages crops. The results show that forages occupied 45% of the total agricultural area using 94,7% of groundwater, generating 33% of the Gross Value Production. Physical productivity rates were on average 252 L kg-1 (forage sorghum 181 L kg-1, forage oats 413 L kg-1 alfalfa L kg- 1). Income per m3 was US$0.04 m-3 on average (US$ 0.94 m-3 in forage maize, US 0.05 m-3 alfalfa forage). The social efficiency indicator showed in average 0.048 jobs per hectometer (0.037 jobs hm-3 in alfalfa and 0.076 jobs hm-3 in rye grass). Finally, under the same crop y market conditions the minimum amount for a viable operation (break-even point) was 39.02 t ha-1. In conclusion, the production of corn and sorghum forage in the region was highly efficient and productive compared to other forage crops which resulted in lower blue water footprint.    El objetivo de este trabajo fue la determinación de la huella hídrica azul en los cultivos forrajeros del DR-017 Comarca Lagunera, México. Mediante el uso de indicadores de productividad y eficiencia se desarrollaron modelos matemáticos que permitieron estimar la huella hídrica azul de los cultivos. Los resultados muestran que los forrajes ocuparon 45% de la superficie total agrícola, empleando 94,7% del agua subterránea, generando 33% del Valor Bruto de la Producción agrícola. Los índices de productividad física fueron en promedio 252 L kg-1 (sorgo forrajero 181 L kg-1, avena forrajera 413 L kg- 1, alfalfa L kg-1). El ingreso por m3 empleado fue de US 0,04 m-3 en promedio (maíz forrajero US$0,07 m-3, alfalfa US$ 0,05 m-3). El indicador de eficiencia social mostró que en promedio se generaron 0,048 empleos hm-3 (0,037empleos hm-3 en alfalfa y 0,076 empleos hm-3 en rye grass). Finalmente bajo las mismas condiciones de cultivo, así como de mercado, la cantidad mínima que se requiere producir para tener una operación viable (punto de equilibrio) en promedio fue 39,02 t ha-1. En conclusión, la producción de maíz y sorgo forrajero en la región resultó altamente eficiente y productiva en comparación con los demás cultivos forrajeros lo que se tradujo en una menor huella hídrica azul

INCIDÊNCIA DE INFECÇÃO DO TRATO URINÁRIO RELACIONADA AO CATETERISMO VESICAL DE DEMORA: UM ESTUDO DE COORTE

RESUMO Estudo de coorte não concorrente com informações de 301 de pacientes internados em centros de terapia intensiva de dois hospitais públicos de Belo Horizonte. O objetivo foi analisar os aspectos epidemiológicos das infecções do trato urinário em pacientes submetidos ao cateterismo vesical de demora, estimar a taxa de incidência nos dois hospitais, identificar possíveis fatores de risco relacionados à infecção e aos microrganismos causadores. A amostra constituiu-se de todos os pacientes internados nas duas unidades e que foram submetidos ao cateterismo vesical de demora no período de seis meses. Dos 301 pacientes, 23 desenvolveram infecção, sendo 56,52% do sexo masculino e com idade superior a 60 anos. A incidência global de infecção do trato urinário foi de 6,70 infecções/1.000 cateteres-dia. O hospital que utilizou água e sabão para a higiene periuretral apresentou maior incidência do que o hospital que utilizou antisséptico (14,01 e 3,05 infecções/1.000 cateteres-dia, respectivamente). O fator de risco identificado foi a higienização periuretral com água e sabão. Os microrganismos mais prevalentes nas uroculturas foram Pseudomonas aeruginosa (17,39%) Candida sp. (13,04%), Escherichia coli (13,04%), e Proteus mirabilis (8,70%). O resultado encontrado neste estudo contradiz os achados da literatura e reforça a necessidade de estudos primários que identifiquem a solução mais eficaz para a realização da limpeza periuretral com vistas à redução da infecção do trato urinário relacionada ao cateterismo vesical de demora