Design and implementation of a three-phase boost battery charger with PFC using CompactRIO control system : design, simulation and implementation of a 3-phase boost battery charger

In a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle, the utility grid charges the vehicle battery through a battery charger. For a three-phase grid supply voltage, three-phase boost rectifiers are commonly used as chargers. Bi-directional power transfer capability and unit power factor operation become desirable features due to the increasing power quality requirements on the grid-connected converters. The Voltage Oriented Control is one of the methods based on high performance dq-coordinate controllers which satisfies the increasing power quality requirements. The Voltage Oriented Control method for a three-phase boost rectifier has been designed, simulated and implemented. The system simulation is performed using Matlab/Simulink software as well as Labview. A feedforward decoupled current controller is designed along with a Pulse Width Modulation scheme to control the battery charging. The controller, consisting of a current controller and a DC-link voltage controller, is designed using a method called Internal Model Control. A National Instruments CompactRIO system is used for practical implementation. The system directly runs a Labview model to execute the control. The Labview files are developed for this purpose. A brief explanation of the system configuration is provided for the experimental system. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________Los vehículos eléctricos e híbridos usan potencia de la red para cargar sus baterías y mientras lo hacen el sistema de tracción no está en uso. Debido a que el sistema de carga y el de tracción no están en uso al mismo tiempo, el inversor y el motor eléctrico pueden ser usados como rectificador evitando el uso redundante de componentes. Para hacer esto, un motor con dos juegos de devanados puede ser usado consiguiendo en el cargador una reducción considerable de peso, volumen y precio. El cargador propuesto en un cargador aislado de alta potencia que usa la mitad de los devanados del motor durante la carga usando el motor como si fuera un transformador. El uso de este motor especifico nos proporcionará aislamiento que será beneficioso por razones de seguridad. El objetivo principal de este proyecto fin de carrera es el diseño y la implementación de un cargador integrado para un coche eléctrico o híbrido con un nivel de potencia de 15 kW programando un control para el inversor que consiga tener un factor de potencia unitario.Ingeniería Industria

The effects of fiscal shocks on the exchange rate in the EMU and differences with the US

We analyse the impact of government spending shocks on the real effective exchange rate and net exports in the Euro Area within a standard structural VAR framework. We employ a new database that contains quarterly fiscal variables for the Euro Area as a whole. We show that higher government spending leads to real exchange rate appreciation and to a fall in net exports, jointly with lower primary budgetary surpluses, which turns out to be fully consistent with the “twin deficits” hypothesis. The different components of public spending, namely wage and non-wage consumption expenditure, overall public consumption expenditure and public investment, bring about real appreciations. Our results are therefore also consistent both with the home-bias hypothesis of public expenditure and with public investment contributing to generating relative productivity gains in the traded goods sector. Contrary to what is observed in the Euro Area, the real effective exchange rate depreciates in the US in response to higher government spending. This discrepancy can ultimately be explained by the reaction of nominal interest rate spreads and the uncovered interest parity condition. The dissimilar reaction of short-term nominal interest rate spreads is attributed to two factors, namely the role of the US dollar as a "safe haven" currency and the countercyclical behaviour of discretionary government spending in the USEn este trabajo se analiza el efecto de las variaciones de gasto público sobre el tipo de cambio efectivo real y sobre las exportaciones netas en el conjunto del área del euro con un VAR estructural estándar. Con este fin se utiliza una nueva base de datos fiscal trimestral para el área del euro. Nuestros resultados muestran que los aumentos de gasto público directo provocan una apreciación del tipo de cambio efectivo real y un deterioro del saldo por cuenta corriente, así como un empeoramiento del saldo primario de las Administraciones Públicas, resultado que está en consonancia con la hipótesis de «déficits gemelos». Los principales componentes del gasto público directo, (a saber, gastos de personal y consumo público en compras de bienes y servicios, el consumo público total y la inversión pública) generan apreciaciones reales. Así pues, nuestros resultados están también en consonancia con la hipótesis de existencia de un sesgo nacional en el gasto público y con la hipótesis de que la inversión pública da lugar a ganancias de productividad relativa en el sector de bienes comerciables. Contrariamente a lo que se observa en el área del euro, el tipo de cambio efectivo real en Estados Unidos se deprecia como respuesta a incrementos del gasto público. Tal discrepancia puede explicarse por la reacción del diferencial del tipo de interés con respecto al resto del mundo y la condición de la paridad no cubierta del tipo de interés. La diferente respuesta del diferencial de tipos de interés a corto plazo entre ambas áreas geográficas puede atribuirse a la conjunción de dos elementos de distinta naturaleza: el papel de moneda refugio del dólar y el comportamiento contracíclico del gasto público discrecional en Estados Unido

Fiscal policy shocks in the euro area and the US: an empirical assessment

We analyse the impact of fiscal policy shocks in the euro area as a whole, using a newly available quarterly dataset of fiscal variables for the period 1981-2007. To allow for comparability with previous results on euro area countries and the US, we use a standard structural VAR framework, and study the impact of aggregated and disaggregated government spending and net taxes shocks. In addition, to frame euro area results, we apply the same methodology for the same sample period to US data. We also explore the sensitivity of the provided results to the inclusion of variables aiming at measuring “financial stress” (increases in risk) and “fiscal stress” (sustainability concerns). Analysing US and euro area data with a common methodology provides some interesting insights on the interpretation of fiscal policy shocks. JEL Classification: E62, H30euro area, Fiscal multipliers, Fiscal shocks, SVAR

El sector de la construcción en España: efectos económicos y prospectiva

The economic and social importance of housing markets justifies, more than ever, rigorous analyses that show clearly the actual situation and the future trend of that sector. This paper aims to provide a preliminary estimate of the economic impact of the construction sector on the Spanish economy. By means of an input-ouput model, the paper provides as well an estimate of the economic consequences of a probable medium-term stagnation of the housing subsector in Spain

El sector de la construcción en España: efectos económicos y prospectiva

The economic and social importance of housing markets justifies, more than ever, rigorous analyses that show clearly the actual situation and the future trend of that sector. This paper aims to provide a preliminary estimate of the economic impact of the construction sector on the Spanish economy. By means of an input-ouput model, the paper provides as well an estimate of the economic consequences of a probable medium-term stagnation of the housing subsector in Spain

El sector de la construcción en España: efectos económicos y prospectiva

The economic and social importance of housing markets justifies, more than ever, rigorous analyses that show clearly the actual situation and the future trend of that sector. This paper aims to provide a preliminary estimate of the economic impact of the construction sector on the Spanish economy. By means of an input-ouput model, the paper provides as well an estimate of the economic consequences of a probable medium-term stagnation of the housing subsector in Spain

Recuperación de centros urbanos - Los Martires

Este trabajo busca recuperar el sector de Los Mártires con el objetivo de reintegrarlo al funcionamiento de la ciudad, como estrategia para evitar que ella se siga expandiendo indefinidamente. El proyecto que marcara el inicio de esta transformación consiste en revitalizar el edificio del Hospital San José, transformándolo en un hecho urbano, de tal forma que sea un elemento arquitectónico patrimonial con una presencia activa en el desarrollo de las comunidades que representa.Centros UrbanosBogotáCA030

A review of artificial intelligence applied to path planning in UAV swarms

This version of the article has been accepted for publication, after peer review and is subject to Springer Nature’s AM terms of use, but is not the Version of Record and does not reflect post-acceptance improvements, or any corrections. The Version of Record is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1007/ s00521-021-06569-4This is the accepted version of: A. Puente-Castro, D. Rivero, A. Pazos, and E. Fernández-Blanco, "A review of artificial intelligence applied to path planning in UAV swarms", Neural Computing and Applications, vol. 34, pp. 153–170, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-021-06569-4[Abstract]: Path Planning problems with Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are among the most studied knowledge areas in the related literature. However, few of them have been applied to groups of UAVs. The use of swarms allows to speed up the flight time and, thus, reducing the operational costs. When combined with Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms, a single system or operator can control all aircraft while optimal paths for each one can be computed. In order to introduce the current situation of these AI-based systems, a review of the most novel and relevant articles was carried out. This review was performed in two steps: first, a summary of the found articles; second, a quantitative analysis of the publications found based on different factors, such as the temporal evolution or the number of articles found based on different criteria. Therefore, this review provides not only a summary of the most recent work but it gives an overview of the trend in the use of AI algorithms in UAV swarms for Path Planning problems. The AI techniques of the articles found can be separated into four main groups based on their technique: reinforcement Learning techniques, Evolutive Computing techniques, Swarm Intelligence techniques, and, Graph Neural Networks. The final results show an increase in publications in recent years and that there is a change in the predominance of the most widely used techniques.This work is supported by Instituto de Salud Carlos III, grant number PI17/01826 (Collaborative Project in Genomic Data Integration (CICLOGEN) funded by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III from the Spanish National plan for Scientific and Technical Research and Innovation 2013–2016 and the European Regional Development Funds (FEDER)—“A way to build Europe.”. This project was also supported by the General Directorate of Culture, Education and University Management of Xunta de Galicia ED431D 2017/16 and “Drug Discovery Galician Network” Ref. ED431G/01 and the “Galician Network for Colorectal Cancer Research” (Ref. ED431D 2017/23). This work was also funded by the grant for the consolidation and structuring of competitive research units (ED431C 2018/49) from the General Directorate of Culture, Education and University Management of Xunta de Galicia, and the CYTED network (PCI2018_093284) funded by the Spanish Ministry of Ministry of Innovation and Science. This project was also supported by the General Directorate of Culture, Education and University Management of Xunta de Galicia “PRACTICUM DIRECT” Ref. IN845D-2020/03.Xunta de Galicia; ED431D 2017/16Xunta de Galicia; ED431G/01Xunta de Galicia; ED431D 2017/23Xunta de Galicia; ED431C 2018/49Xunta de Galicia; IN845D-2020/0

Using Reinforcement Learning in the Path Planning of Swarms of UAVs for the Photographic Capture of Terrains

Presented at the 4th XoveTIC Conference, A Coruña, Spain, 7–8 October 2021.[Abstract] The number of applications using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is increasing. The use of UAVs in swarms makes many operators see more advantages than the individual use of UAVs, thus reducing operational time and costs. The main objective of this work is to design a system that, using Reinforcement Learning (RL) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) techniques, can obtain a good path for each UAV in the swarm and distribute the flight environment in such a way that the combination of the captured images is as simple as possible. To determine whether it is better to use a global ANN or multiple local ANNs, experiments have been done over the same map and with different numbers of UAVs at different altitudes. The results are measured based on the time taken to find a solution. The results show that the system works with any number of UAVs if the map is correctly partitioned. On the other hand, using local ANNs seems to be the option that can find solutions faster, ensuring better trajectories than using a single global network. There is no need to use additional map information other than the current state of the environment, like targets or distance maps.This research received no external funding

UAV swarm path planning with reinforcement learning for field prospecting

[Abstract] There has been steady growth in the adoption of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) swarms by operators due to their time and cost benefits. However, this kind of system faces an important problem, which is the calculation of many optimal paths for each UAV. Solving this problem would allow control of many UAVs without human intervention while saving battery between recharges and performing several tasks simultaneously. The main aim is to develop a Reinforcement Learning based system capable of calculating the optimal flight path for a UAV swarm. This method stands out for its ability to learn through trial and error, allowing the model to adjust itself. The aim of these paths is to achieve full coverage of an overflight area for tasks such as field prospection, regardless of map size and the number of UAVs in the swarm. It is not necessary to establish targets or to have any previous knowledge other than the given map. Experiments have been conducted to determine whether it is optimal to establish a single control for all UAVs in the swarm or a control for each UAV. The results show that it is better to use one control for all UAVs because of the shorter flight time. In addition, the flight time is greatly affected by the size of the map. The results give starting points for future research, such as finding the optimal map size for each situation