Lipid Composition and Associated Gene Expression Patterns during Pollen Germination and Pollen Tube Growth in Olive (Olea europaea L.)

Pollen lipids are essential for sexual reproduction but our current knowledge regarding lipid dynamics in growing pollen tubes is still very scarce. Here, we report unique lipid composition and associated gene expression patterns during olive pollen germination. Up to 376 genes involved in the biosynthesis of all lipid classes, except suberin, cutin and lipopolysaccharides, are expressed in the olive pollen. The fatty acid profile of the olive pollen is markedly different compared with other plant organs. Triacylglycerol, containing mostly C12-C16 saturated fatty acids, constitutes the bulk of olive pollen lipids. These compounds are partially mobilized, and the released fatty acids enter the β-oxidation pathway to yield acetyl-CoA, which is converted into sugars through the glyoxylate cycle in the course of pollen germination. Our data suggest that fatty acids are synthesized de novo and incorporated into glycerolipids by the “eukaryotic pathway” in elongating pollen tubes. Phosphatidic acid is synthesized de novo in the endomembrane system during pollen germination and seems to have a central role in the pollen tube lipid metabolism. The coordinated action of fatty acid desaturases FAD2-3 and FAD3B might explain the increase of linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids observed in the germinating pollen. A continuous synthesis of triacylglycerol by the action of DGAT1 enzyme, but not PDAT, seems also plausible. All these data allow for a better understanding of the lipid metabolism during the olive reproduction process, which can impact in the future in the increase of olive fruit yield and, therefore, olive oil production

Estudio relacional de la práctica deportiva en escolares según el género

Insomuch as physical activity has taken a center stage as a way to prevent sedentary lifestyles, it is essential to know what are the sports which are played by schoolchildren outside schools. Therefore, this descriptive and cross-sectional research, conducted on a sample of 818 schoolchildren, has as a main objective to establish sport habits according to gender, which has acted as a moderating factor throughout history. The results showed that female schoolchildren practiced mainly individual sports and as a leisurely activity while men preferred collective and federated sports. Moreover, the level of sport practice determined that male students practiced more sports than female students, so in a greater number of weekly days and longer sessions. Therefore, this research demonstrates that the sport, which is played by children, depends on gender, as well as the necessity of matching this practice avoiding stereotypes and sedentary lifestyles.Dado que la actividad física ha tomado protagonismo como medio para evitar estilos de vida sedentarios, resulta imprescindible conocer cuáles son los deportes practicados por los escolares fuera del horario escolar. Este estudio de carácter descriptivo y de corte transversal, realizado sobre 818 escolares, tiene como objetivo principal establecer hábitos de práctica deportiva en función del género, el cual ha actuado como factor modulador a lo largo de la historia. Los resultados determinaron que los escolares de género femenino practicaban principalmente deportes individuales y a modo de hobby, mientras que los varones lo hacían de forma colectica y federada. Asimismo, el nivel de práctica deportiva determinó que ellos practicaban más deportes que ellas, haciéndolo más días semanales y en sesiones de mayor duración. Como conclusión, se demuestran diferencias en el deporte practicado según el género, así como la necesidad de igualar esta práctica evitando estereotipos y estilos de vida sedentarios. 

academic discipline

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Changing times: tactics

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Complement component C4 structural variation and quantitative traits contribute to sex-biased vulnerability in systemic sclerosis

Altres ajuts: Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), "A way of making Europe".Copy number (CN) polymorphisms of complement C4 play distinct roles in many conditions, including immune-mediated diseases. We investigated the association of C4 CN with systemic sclerosis (SSc) risk. Imputed total C4, C4A, C4B, and HERV-K CN were analyzed in 26,633 individuals and validated in an independent cohort. Our results showed that higher C4 CN confers protection to SSc, and deviations from CN parity of C4A and C4B augmented risk. The protection contributed per copy of C4A and C4B differed by sex. Stronger protection was afforded by C4A in men and by C4B in women. C4 CN correlated well with its gene expression and serum protein levels, and less C4 was detected for both in SSc patients. Conditioned analysis suggests that C4 genetics strongly contributes to the SSc association within the major histocompatibility complex locus and highlights classical alleles and amino acid variants of HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DPB1 as C4-independent signals

Dietary α‐Linolenic Acid, Marine ω‐3 Fatty Acids, and Mortality in a Population With High Fish Consumption: Findings From the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) Study

Background: Epidemiological evidence suggests a cardioprotective role of α‐linolenic acid (ALA), a plant‐derived ω‐3 fatty acid. It is unclear whether ALA is beneficial in a background of high marine ω‐3 fatty acids (long‐chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) intake. In persons at high cardiovascular risk from Spain, a country in which fish consumption is customarily high, we investigated whether meeting the International Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and Lipids recommendation for dietary ALA (0.7% of total energy) at baseline was related to all‐cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. We also examined the effect of meeting the society's recommendation for long‐chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (≥500 mg/day). Methods and Results: We longitudinally evaluated 7202 participants in the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) trial. Multivariable‐adjusted Cox regression models were fitted to estimate hazard ratios. ALA intake correlated to walnut consumption (r=0.94). During a 5.9‐y follow‐up, 431 deaths occurred (104 cardiovascular disease, 55 coronary heart disease, 32 sudden cardiac death, 25 stroke). The hazard ratios for meeting ALA recommendation (n=1615, 22.4%) were 0.72 (95% CI 0.56–0.92) for all‐cause mortality and 0.95 (95% CI 0.58–1.57) for fatal cardiovascular disease. The hazard ratios for meeting the recommendation for long‐chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n=5452, 75.7%) were 0.84 (95% CI 0.67–1.05) for all‐cause mortality, 0.61 (95% CI 0.39–0.96) for fatal cardiovascular disease, 0.54 (95% CI 0.29–0.99) for fatal coronary heart disease, and 0.49 (95% CI 0.22–1.01) for sudden cardiac death. The highest reduction in all‐cause mortality occurred in participants meeting both recommendations (hazard ratio 0.63 [95% CI 0.45–0.87]). Conclusions: In participants without prior cardiovascular disease and high fish consumption, dietary ALA, supplied mainly by walnuts and olive oil, relates inversely to all‐cause mortality, whereas protection from cardiac mortality is limited to fish‐derived long‐chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Clinical Trial Registration URL: http://www.Controlled-trials.com/. Unique identifier: ISRCTN35739639

Neosporosis ovina: recrudescencia y transmisión vertical

Trabajo presentado al: XXXI Reunión de la Sociedad Española de Anatomía Patológica Veterinaria (SEAPV). IV Sesión, comunicación 04.4, pp. 42. Puerto de la Cruz, Tenerife, 12-14 junio de 2019.El objetivo de este estudio ha sido investigar la recrudescencia y la transmisión vertical en ovejas infectadas con Neospora caninum. Para ello, 13 ovejas infectadas, sincronizadas y monitorizadas serológicamente durante la gestación fueron sacrificadas tras la detección de un incremento de anticuerpos. Dos ovejas no infectadas fueron utilizadas como control. Se estudiaron las lesiones microscópicas en muestras fetales (encéfalo, hígado, pulmón, músculo esquelético y músculo cardiaco) y maternas (placentomas). Se detectó la presencia del parásito en 3 placentomas por animal y en tejidos fetales mediante PCR. Además, se caracterizó la respuesta inmunitaria en la placenta mediante inmunohistoquímica (CD4, CD8, CD21, CD3 y CMH-II) y qPCR (IFNγ, IL10, IL4, TNF, IL12, IL2, TGFβ e IL18). Se detectó un incremento en los niveles de anticuerpos y transmisión fetal entre los días 80 y 120 de gestación en 10 y 11 ovejas respectivamente, así como muerte fetal en 3 de ellas. Nueve de las 13 ovejas infectadas mostraron lesiones en placenta, formadas por focos de necrosis e infiltración de células mononucleares. Se detectaron lesiones en el 75% de los fetos estudiados (n=26) caracterizadas por necrosis en hígado, miositis en músculo esquelético y focos de gliosis con y sin necrosis central en encéfalo con presencia de quistes parasitarios. Se detectó ADN parasitario en el 60% de los fetos y en el 53% de las placentas. En cuanto a la respuesta inmunitaria en la placenta, la caracterización inmunohistoquímica demostró una mayor presencia de linfocitos T CD3+ (CD4/CD8<1) y macrófagos (CMH-II+), principalmente en aquellas ovejas que presentaron muerte fetal, que a su vez también presentaron una sobreexpresión de IFNγ, IL10 e IL18. Los resultados obtenidos son similares a aquellos descritos en casos de recrudescencia en ganado bovino, por lo que la neosporosis ovina debería ser considerada como una enfermedad relevante en ovejas y debería incluirse en el diagnóstico diferencial del fallo reproductivo.El trabajo ha sido financiado por el proyecto INIA RTA2014-00013