Poultry by-product meals commercialised in Spain may vary considerably in their protein value and fat quality

Among the meat by-products, those coming from poultry arc usually considered as excellent sources of protein. However, different grades of rendered poultry products arc available and its composition and nutritional value can be quite variable depending on carcass, head, feet, viscera and even feather proportions in raw material, and on rendering process. This work shows the variation on amino acids and fatty acids content of different products commercialised in Spain as poultry by-product or poultry meals

Role of LGI1 protein in synaptic transmission: From physiology to pathology

Leucine-Rich Glioma Inactivated protein 1 (LGI1) is a secreted neuronal protein highly expressed in the central nervous system and high amount are found in the hippocampus. An alteration of its function has been described in few families of patients with autosomal dominant temporal lobe epilepsy (ADLTE) or with autoimmune limbic encephalitis (LE), both characterized by epileptic seizures. Studies have shown that LGI1 plays an essential role during development, but also in neuronal excitability through an action on voltage-gated potassium Kv1.1 channels, and in synaptic transmission by regulating the surface expression of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPA-R). Over the last decade, a growing number of studies investigating LGI1 functions have been published. They aimed to improve the understanding of LGI1 function in the regulation of neuronal networks using different animal and cellular models. LGI1 appears to be a major actor of synaptic regulation by modulating trans-synaptically pre- and post-synaptic proteins. In this review, we will focus on LGI1 binding partners, “A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease (ADAM) 22 and 23”, the complex they form at the synapse, and will discuss the effects of LGI1 on neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission in physiological and pathological conditions. Finally, we will highlight new insights regarding N-terminal Leucine-Rich Repeat (LRR) domain and C-terminal Epitempin repeat (EPTP) domain and their potentially distinct role in LGI1 function

Identification of ice nucleating active Pseudomonas fluorescens strains for biological control of overwintering Colorado potato beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae).

Laboratory studies were conducted to identify ice-nucleating active bacterial strains able to elevate the supercooling point, the temperature at which freezing is initiated in body fluids, of Colorado potato beetles, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), and to persist in their gut. Adult beetles fed ice-nucleating active strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens, P. putida, or P. syringae at 10(6) or 10(3) bacterial cells per beetle had significantly elevated supercooling points, from -4.5 to -5.7 degrees C and from -5.2 to -6.6 degrees C, respectively, immediately after ingestion. In contrast, mean supercooling point of untreated control beetles was -9.2 degrees C. When sampled at 2 and 12 wk after ingestion, only beetles fed P. fluorescens F26-4C and 88-335 still had significantly elevated supercooling points, indicating that these strains of bacteria were retained. Furthermore, beetle supercooling points were comparable to those observed immediately after ingestion, suggesting that beetle gut conditions were favorable not only for colonization but also for expression of ice-nucleating activity by these two strains. The results obtained from exposure to a single, low dose of either bacterial strain also show that a minimum amount of inoculum is sufficient for establishment of the bacterium in the gut. Persistence of these bacteria in Colorado potato beetles long after ingestion was also confirmed using a polymerase chain reaction technique that detected ice-nucleating active bacteria by virtue of their ina genes. Application of these ice-nucleating active bacteria to elevate the supercooling point of this freeze-intolerant insect pest could significantly reduce their winter survival, thereby reducing local populations and, consequently, crop damage

Tuning the carrier injection barrier of hybrid metal–organic interfaces on rare earth-gold surface compounds

Magnetic hybrid metal-organic interfaces possess a great potential in areas such as organic spintronics and quantum information processing. However, tuning their carrier injection barriers on-demand is fundamental for the implementation in technological devices. We have prepared hybrid metal-organic interfaces by the adsorption of copper phthalocyanine CuPc on REAu2 surfaces (RE = Gd, Ho and Yb) and studied their growth, electrostatics and electronic structure. CuPc exhibits a long-range commensurability and a vacuum level pinning of the molecular energy levels. We observe a significant effect of the RE valence of the substrate on the carrier injection barrier of the hybrid metal-organic interface. CuPc adsorbed on trivalent RE-based surfaces (HoAu2 and GdAu2) exhibits molecular level energies that may allow injection carriers significantly closer to an ambipolar injection behavior than in the divalent case (YbAu2)

Uclacyanin Proteins Are Required for Lignified Nanodomain Formation within Casparian Strips

© 2020 The Author(s) Casparian strips (CSs) are cell wall modifications of vascular plants restricting extracellular free diffusion into and out of the vascular system [1]. This barrier plays a critical role in controlling the acquisition of nutrients and water necessary for normal plant development [2–5]. CSs are formed by the precise deposition of a band of lignin approximately 2 μm wide and 150 nm thick spanning the apoplastic space between adjacent endodermal cells [6, 7]. Here, we identified a copper-containing protein, Uclacyanin1 (UCC1), that is sub-compartmentalized within the CS. UCC1 forms a central CS nanodomain in comparison with other CS-located proteins that are found to be mainly accumulated at the periphery of the CS. We found that loss-of-function of two uclacyanins (UCC1 and UCC2) reduces lignification specifically in this central CS nanodomain, revealing a nano-compartmentalized machinery for lignin polymerization. This loss of lignification leads to increased endodermal permeability and, consequently, to a loss of mineral nutrient homeostasis

Lombricultura : Un ayudante práctico para iniciarse con 2 ó 3 simples pasos

Esta guía es para Ud. que desea saber cómo abordar la cría de lombrices rojas, una actividad amigable con él entorno que posibilita transformar desechos de origen vegetal y animal en abono, una manera de reinsertar un simple desperdicio (¿basura?) como fertilizante a nuestro ya castigado entorno. Un fertilizante con propiedades que lo distinguen por su excelencia y sentar bases para abordar corrientes de residuos diversas con nuestras “vedetes rojas”, desde los desperdicios que surgen en su hogar hasta corrientes de residuos originados ya sea en la producción vegetal, desde la huerta hasta cultivos extensivos y en la cría de distintos animales (aves, cerdos, conejos, cabras, vacas, caballos, etc.) a partir de sus estiércoles. Parece adecuado centrar la práctica en el lombricultivo a escala familiar. Una modalidad simple de procesar los residuos y que, además de familiarizarnos con su manejo, permite la obtención de una población de lombrices para luego utilizarlas como semillero para abordar la reconversión de corrientes de residuos vinculados con la producción animal a cualquier escala (véase estratégias de conducción).Estación Experimental Agropecuaria BarilocheFil: Schuldt, Miguel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche. Agencia de Extension Rural El Bolson; ArgentinaFil: Schuldt, Miguel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas; ArgentinaFil: Pareja, E. Asociación de Productores El Bolsón; ArgentinaFil: Castrillo, Nelson. Asociación de Productores El Bolsón; ArgentinaFil: Butto, A. Asociación de Productores El Bolsón; ArgentinaFil: Cardozo, Andrea. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche. Agencia de Extensión Rural El Bolsón; Argentin

Lombricultura en 3 simples fases : compostaje, lombricomposta y humificación

El presente trabajo tiene por objeto simplificar los procesos de reconversión de la materia orgánica sometida al lombricompostaje , sin dejar de lado el abanico de posibilidades de aplicación de diversas estrategias de manejo de las poblaciones de lombrices “rojas” (mal llamadas Californianas) y principalmente atendiendo a las necesidades/posibilidades de aplicación para cada modalidad de conducción de las lombrices y centrado en la economía de mano de obra para atender al lombricultivo de Eisenia fetida y Eisenia andrei. Con esta contribución se pretende delinear un ayudante práctico apuntando a la autosuficiencia del lombricultor que se inicia y deseé agregar valor al desperdicio que poseé para reconvertirlo en un abono de excelencia. Esta guía responde a necesidades detectadas en alumnos de nuestros cursos y capacitaciones, tanto presenciales como a distancia. La guía resulta, en buena medida, de actividades en curso en Colonia Cushamen y Fofo Cahuel (Chubut), que se integran con la apicultura regional y el manejo en torno a diversos cultivos (forrajes) y producciones (caprinos en particular) con miras a la autosuficiencia productiva, incluso con proyecciones en lo comercial (v.gr. lacto-quesero).Estación Experimental Agropecuaria BarilocheFil: Schuldt, Miguel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche. Agencia de Extension Rural El Bolson; ArgentinaFil: Schuldt, Miguel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas; ArgentinaFil: Pareja, E. Asociación de Productores El Bolsón; ArgentinaFil: Castrillo, Nelson. Asociación de Productores El Bolsón; ArgentinaFil: Butto, A. Asociación de Productores El Bolsón; ArgentinaFil: Cardozo, Andrea. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche. Agencia de Extensión Rural El Bolsón; Argentin

Absorption line shape recovery beyond the detection bandwidth limit: application to the precision spectroscopic measurement of the Boltzmann constant

22 pagesInternational audienceA theoretical model of the influence of detection bandwidth properties on observed line shapes in laser absorption spectroscopy is described. The model predicts artificial frequency shifts, extra broadenings and line asymmetries which must be taken into account in order to obtain accurate central frequencies and other spectroscopic parameters. This reveals sources of systematic effects most probably underestimated so far potentially affecting spectroscopic measurements. This may impact many fields of research, from atmospheric and interstellar physics to precision spectroscopic measurements devoted to metrological applications, tests of quantum electrodynamics or other fundamental laws of nature. Our theoretical model is validated by linear absorption experiments performed on H2O and NH3 molecular lines recorded by precision laser spectroscopy in two distinct spectral regions, near- and mid-infrared. Possible means of recovering original line shape parameters or experimental conditions under which the detection bandwidth has a negligible impact, given a targeted accuracy, are proposed. Particular emphasis is put on the detection bandwidth adjustments required to use such high-quality molecular spectra for a spectroscopic determination of the Boltzmann constant at the 1 ppm level of accuracy