Assessment of the affective and rational bases for urgent decision-making under extreme circumstances

In the framework of dual-type theories, decision making is based on two types of information processing: intuitive and reflective. Inspired by that framework, our aims were to develop a brief self-rating measurement instrument to assess the affective and reflective bases for urgent decision-making under extreme circumstances, and to study its psychometric properties. Samples comprising cadets from a military academy, military peacekeeper personnel, and the general population were used. The results showed evidence of acceptable reliability as well as structural, convergent, and known group validity for the Bases for Urgent Decisions under Extreme Circumstances inventory (BUDECI), the new 8-item inventory

Toma de decisión según racionalidad/afectividad, entrenamiento y saturación cultural en situaciones multiculturales: Un estudio experimental con soldados para la paz

Los llamados modelos duales proponen dos tipos de procesamiento de la información, relacionados con los modos de tomar decisiones emocionales y racionales. La presente investigación se focalizó en el estudio de la toma de decisión en soldados para el mantenimiento de la paz (i.e., cascos azules), que es personal militar enviado por la Organización Naciones Unidas (ONU) para mantener la paz y brindar ayuda humanitaria en zonas de conflicto. Se empleó un diseño factorial 2x2x2, con las variables independientes modalidad decisoria, entrenamiento como soldado para la paz y saturación cultural de la situación observada, y con la variable dependiente respuesta de intervención en la situación observada. Según las reglas de la ONU, no se debería intervenir en las situaciones multiculturales presentadas en este estudio. Se corroboraron tres hipótesis: (a) la toma de decisión basada en el procesamiento racional de la información en comparación a la toma de decisión basada en el procesamiento afectivo / emocional lleva a no intervenir, (b) los expertos en misiones militares de paz internacionales (i.e., militares con entrenamiento de casco azul) en comparación a los inexpertos (i.e. militares sin entrenamiento de casco azul) realizan menos intervenciones, (c) la alta saturación de elementos culturales de las escenas en comparación a las escenas de baja saturación de elementos culturales lleva a realizar menor cantidad de intervenciones. Adicionalmente, se halló que la tendencia individual a tomar decisiones racionales urgentes está asociada negativamente al tiempo de reacción. Se discuten los resultados en relación al marco de las teorías duales.The so called dual models that emerged in the 70ssuggest that there are two types of information processing with opposite characteristics to one another and are related to ways of making emotional and rational decisions. This research focused on the study of emotional and rational peacekeepers’ decision making. Peacekeepers are military personnel that participate in United Nations Organization (UN) international forcesin order to be deployed in conflict zones around the world to maintain peace and to provide humanitarian aid. In these missions, peacekeepers’behavior isruled by codes which are committed to ensuring the highest standards of conduct in UN military operations. According to these UN rules,servicemen should not intervene in situations of not obvious risk or no imminent physical harm to civilians of the local population. It is worth noting that inappropriate peacekeepers´ interventions can have serious negative consequences in the mission. Consequently, in the predeployment stage peacekeepers are trained by qualified military personnel with core operational and cultural information related the country where they are going to be deployed to have an effective performance during their duty. At the moment of our research, Argentinian peacekeepers were deployed in Haiti. The objective of this study was to study the effects of the emotional / rational decision-making mode, the Argentine’s soldiers training as peacekeeper, and the level of cultural saturation in the observed situations; over the decision to intervene in multiculturalsituations. For thisstudy, a piece ofsoftware called SITDE with a series of audible videos that reflect different situations related to the UN peacekeeper mission was used. There were two SITDE versions that differed from each other due to the level of cultural representation. One version contains a set of videos with high typical Haitian´s culturalsaturation. The other version, a set of homologous videosrelated to the otherseries, includesscenes with fewer aspects of Haitian´s elements. After watching each video participants had to decide whether to intervene or not to intervene in the observed scenes. They should report its decision by clicking on a screen displaying two buttons with the corresponding decision. The software recorded the participant's response and the response time of each scene. This study sought to corroborate three hypotheses about peacekeepers’ decision making on culturally diverse scenes in which they had no danger of imminent attack: (a) decision making based on rational information processing compared to decision making based on affective / emotional processing leads to not intervene; (b) military experts in international peace missions (i.e., military with UN training) compared to the inexperienced (military with no UN training) make fewer interventions and (c) the high saturation of cultural elements of the scenes compared to scenes of low saturation of cultural elementsleadsto make fewer interventions. The hypotheses were verified through a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial design. The 2 x 2 x 2 factorial design included the independent variables decision making modality, training as peacekeepers, and cultural saturation of the observed situation; and the dependent variable intervention in the observed situation. The military personnel´s decision-making was manipulated by differentiated instruction, and the cultural saturation of scenes was manipulated by the use of the two SITDE versions. Additionally, it has been analyzed the relationship between the individual trend to the emotional / rational decision-making and relevant variables. It was found that the individual trend to the rational decision making in urgent situations is negatively associated to the reaction time. The results are discussed related to the frame of the dual theories.Fil: Cosentino, Alejandro César. Ministerio de Defensa. Ejército Argentino. Instituto de Enseñanza Superior del Ejército. Centro de Investigaciones Sociales y Humanas para la Defensa; ArgentinaFil: Azzollini, Susana Celeste. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Depaula, Pablo Domingo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Castillo, Sergio Edgardo. Ministerio de Defensa. Ejército Argentino. Instituto de Enseñanza Superior del Ejército. Centro de Investigaciones Sociales y Humanas para la Defensa; Argentin

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Vocabulario de la sociedad civil, la ruralidad y los movimientos sociales en América Latina

El Vocabulario de la Sociedad Civil, la Ruralidad y los Movimientos Sociales en América Latina tiene como objetivo desarrollar vocablos relacionados con temas de gran trascendencia para la vida colectiva de la población Latinoamericana; pretende introducir a estudiantes, personas del ámbito académico y activistas en la comprensión de estas categorías de análisis. A través de la mirada de 70 especialistas que participaron en este vocabulario, es posible comprender muchos de los términos que se utilizan dentro de la investigación social y áreas relacionadas con las ciencias políticas, ambientales y rurales, a partir de una mayor explicación y detalle. Es por ello que se inserta este trabajo desde una mirada colectiva y amplia de los conceptos que se exponen. En este libro podrá encontrar las ideas de varios autores y autoras de distintas universidades, con una visión multi, inter y transdisciplinaria. El esfuerzo que se realizó para conjuntar varios términos y analizar su compleja red de interpretaciones, permitirá que este manuscrito pueda ser consultado por estudiantes, personas del ámbito científico-académico, y ciudadanía; porque contiene el estado del arte, la historia del paulatino avance de múltiples conceptos y su vigencia en el contexto actual

VIII Encuentro de Docentes e Investigadores en Historia del Diseño, la Arquitectura y la Ciudad

Acta de congresoLa conmemoración de los cien años de la Reforma Universitaria de 1918 se presentó como una ocasión propicia para debatir el rol de la historia, la teoría y la crítica en la formación y en la práctica profesional de diseñadores, arquitectos y urbanistas. En ese marco el VIII Encuentro de Docentes e Investigadores en Historia del Diseño, la Arquitectura y la Ciudad constituyó un espacio de intercambio y reflexión cuya realización ha sido posible gracias a la colaboración entre Facultades de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño de la Universidad Nacional y la Facultad de Arquitectura de la Universidad Católica de Córdoba, contando además con la activa participación de mayoría de las Facultades, Centros e Institutos de Historia de la Arquitectura del país y la región. Orientado en su convocatoria tanto a docentes como a estudiantes de Arquitectura y Diseño Industrial de todos los niveles de la FAUD-UNC promovió el debate de ideas a partir de experiencias concretas en instancias tales como mesas temáticas de carácter interdisciplinario, que adoptaron la modalidad de presentación de ponencias, entre otras actividades. En el ámbito de VIII Encuentro, desarrollado en la sede Ciudad Universitaria de Córdoba, se desplegaron numerosas posiciones sobre la enseñanza, la investigación y la formación en historia, teoría y crítica del diseño, la arquitectura y la ciudad; sumándose el aporte realizado a través de sus respectivas conferencias de Ana Clarisa Agüero, Bibiana Cicutti, Fernando Aliata y Alberto Petrina. El conjunto de ponencias que se publican en este Repositorio de la UNC son el resultado de dos intensas jornadas de exposiciones, cuyos contenidos han posibilitado actualizar viejos dilemas y promover nuevos debates. El evento recibió el apoyo de las autoridades de la FAUD-UNC, en especial de la Secretaría de Investigación y de la Biblioteca de nuestra casa, como así también de la Facultad de Arquitectura de la UCC; va para todos ellos un especial agradecimiento

Las tropas argentinas en Haití: algunas lecciones aprendidas para la investigación

Nuestro país registra una historia de compromiso permanente desde el año 1958 en materia de Misiones de Paz. Haití es uno de esos compromisos en la cual desde 2004 hasta abril de 2015 Argentina tuvo una gran presencia de efectivos.Estos cascos azules tuvieron que afrontaron crisis naturales en donde la toma de decisión fue fundamental para el cumplimiento de la misión. Este articulo trata sobre una investigación acerca de la toma de decisiones en MINUSTAH.Fil: Castillo, Sergio Edgardo. Ministerio de Defensa. Ejército Argentino. Instituto de Enseñanza Superior del Ejército. Centro de Investigaciones Sociales y Humanas para la Defensa; ArgentinaFil: Depaula, Pablo Domingo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Ministerio de Defensa. Ejército Argentino. Instituto de Enseñanza Superior del Ejército. Centro de Investigaciones Sociales y Humanas para la Defensa; Argentin

Personalidade, Forças de Caráter e Inteligência Cultural: "Extroversão" ou "Abertura" como outros fatores associados com habilidades culturais?

At present the development and operation of cultural intelligence is studied in terms of their associations with certain aspects of personality. However, it is claimed that these studies on expatriates have not yet found the predictive power of personality traits on these cultural skills. The study discusses the results of three investigations in which a sample of military students was analyzed to explore the associations between the factors of the big five model personality, the variable cultural intelligence, and the character strength. The research hypothesis is that the personality factor Openness is much more associated to cultural intelligence than to Extraversion factor. Moreover, the strength of character called social intelligence, predicts the level of cultural intelligence of the military students. The results indicated that Openness is a positive predictor of general cultural intelligence of students, and the character strength of social intelligence positively predicts the cultural intelligence much more than other predictors that were part of the analized model.En la actualidad, el desarrollo y funcionamiento de la inteligencia cultural se estudia en función de sus asociaciones con determinados aspectos de la personalidad. Sin embargo, es sabido que los estudios realizados sobre expatriados aún no han hallado el poder predictivo de los rasgos de la personalidad sobre las mencionadas habilidades culturales. El presente estudio aborda los resultados de tres investigaciones en las que se analizaron asociaciones entre el modelo de los Cinco Grandes factores de la personalidad, la variable inteligencia cultural y las fortalezas del carácter. La hipótesis del la investigación es que el factor de la personalidad Apertura se asocia en mayor medida a la inteligencia cultural que el factor  Extraversión. Además, la fortaleza del carácter denominada inteligencia social, predice el nivel de inteligencia cultural de los estudiantes militares. Los resultados indicaron que la Apertura constituye un predictor positivo de la inteligencia cultural general de los estudiantes, y la fortaleza del carácter inteligencia social predice positivamente la inteligencia cultural en mayor medida que otros predictores que fueron parte del modelo analizado.Actualmente, o desenvolvimento e operação de inteligência cultural é estudada com base em suas associações com certos aspectos da personalidade. No entanto, sabe-se que os estudos sobre os expatriados ainda não encontraram o poder preditivo dos traços de personalidade dessas habilidades culturais. Este estudo discute os resultados de três investigações em que as parcerias entre o modelo dos cinco grandes fatores de personalidade, foram analisados a inteligência cultural variável e forças de caráter. A hipótese da pesquisa é que o fator de personalidade está associada Abertura mais à inteligência cultural que o fator Extroversão. Além disso, a força de caráter chamada inteligência social, prevê que o nível de inteligência cultural dos alunos militares. Os resultados indicaram que a Abertura é um preditor positivo da inteligência cultural geral dos estudantes, ea força de caráter inteligência social positivamente inteligência cultural prevê uma extensão maior do que outros preditores que faziam parte do modelo de avaliaçã

Toma de decisión según racionalidad/afectividad, entrenamiento y saturación cultural en situaciones multiculturales: un estudio experimental con soldados para la paz

Los llamados modelos duales proponen dos tipos de procesamiento de la información, relacionados con los modos de tomar decisiones emocionales y racionales. La presente investigación se focalizó en el estudio de la toma de decisión en soldados para el mantenimiento de la paz (i.e., cascos azules), que es personal militar enviado por la Organización Naciones Unidas (ONU) para mantener la paz y brindar ayuda humanitaria en zonas de conflicto. Se empleó un diseño factorial 2x2x2, con las variables independientes modalidad decisoria, entrenamiento como soldado para la paz y saturación cultural de la situación observada, y con la variable dependiente respuesta de intervención en la situación observada. Según las reglas de la ONU, no se debería intervenir en las situaciones multiculturales presentadas en este estudio. Se corroboraron tres hipótesis: (a) la toma de decisión basada en el procesamiento racional de la información en comparación a la toma de decisión basada en el procesamiento afectivo / emocional lleva a no intervenir, (b) los expertos en misiones militares de paz internacionales (i.e., militares con entrenamiento de casco azul) en comparación a los inexpertos (i.e. militares sin entrenamiento de casco azul) realizan menos intervenciones, (c) la alta saturación de elementos culturales de las escenas en comparación a las escenas de baja saturación de elementos culturales lleva a realizar menor cantidad de intervenciones. Adicionalmente, se halló que la tendencia individual a tomar decisiones racionales urgentes está asociada negativamente al tiempo de reacción. Se discuten los resultados en relación al marco de las teorías duales.The so called dual models that emerged in the 70ssuggest that there are two types of information processing with opposite characteristics to one another and are related to ways of making emotional and rational decisions. This research focused on the study of emotional and rational peacekeepers’ decision making. Peacekeepers are military personnel that participate in United Nations Organization (UN) international forcesin order to be deployed in conflict zones around the world to maintain peace and to provide humanitarian aid. In these missions, peacekeepers’behavior isruled by codes which are committed to ensuring the highest standards of conduct in UN military operations. According to these UN rules,servicemen should not intervene in situations of not obvious risk or no imminent physical harm to civilians of the local population. It is worth noting that inappropriate peacekeepers´ interventions can have serious negative consequences in the mission. Consequently, in the predeployment stage peacekeepers are trained by qualified military personnel with core operational and cultural information related the country where they are going to be deployed to have an effective performance during their duty. At the moment of our research, Argentinian peacekeepers were deployed in Haiti. The objective of this study was to study the effects of the emotional / rational decision-making mode, the Argentine’s soldiers training as peacekeeper, and the level of cultural saturation in the observed situations; over the decision to intervene in multiculturalsituations. For thisstudy, a piece ofsoftware called SITDE with a series of audible videos that reflect different situations related to the UN peacekeeper mission was used. There were two SITDE versions that differed from each other due to the level of cultural representation. One version contains a set of videos with high typical Haitian´s culturalsaturation. The other version, a set of homologous videosrelated to the otherseries, includesscenes with fewer aspects of Haitian´s elements. After watching each video participants had to decide whether to intervene or not to intervene in the observed scenes. They should report its decision by clicking on a screen displaying two buttons with the corresponding decision. The software recorded the participant's response and the response time of each scene. This study sought to corroborate three hypotheses about peacekeepers’ decision making on culturally diverse scenes in which they had no danger of imminent attack: (a) decision making based on rational information processing compared to decision making based on affective / emotional processing leads to not intervene; (b) military experts in international peace missions (i.e., military with UN training) compared to the inexperienced (military with no UN training) make fewer interventions and (c) the high saturation of cultural elements of the scenes compared to scenes of low saturation of cultural elementsleadsto make fewer interventions. The hypotheses were verified through a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial design. The 2 x 2 x 2 factorial design included the independent variables decision making modality, training as peacekeepers, and cultural saturation of the observed situation; and the dependent variable intervention in the observed situation. The military personnel´s decision-making was manipulated by differentiated instruction, and the cultural saturation of scenes was manipulated by the use of the two SITDE versions. Additionally, it has been analyzed the relationship between the individual trend to the emotional / rational decision-making and relevant variables. It was found that the individual trend to the rational decision making in urgent situations is negatively associated to the reaction time. The results are discussed related to the frame of the dual theories.Fil: Cosentino, Alejandro César. Ministerio de Defensa. Ejército Argentino. Instituto de Enseñanza Superior del Ejército. Centro de Investigaciones Sociales y Humanas para la Defensa; ArgentinaFil: Azzollini, Susana Celeste. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Depaula, Pablo Domingo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Castillo, Sergio Edgardo. Ministerio de Defensa. Ejército Argentino. Instituto de Enseñanza Superior del Ejército. Centro de Investigaciones Sociales y Humanas para la Defensa; Argentin

Changes in the predominant mode of decision according to the age: its relation with the effectiveness of decisions made by volunteers in peacekeeping missions

Changes in the predominant mode of decision according to the age: its relation with the effectiveness of decisions made by volunteers in peacekeeping missions. It is known that to achieve effective action in contexts characterized by cultural diversity and uncertainty, decision-making strategies are needed that involve processing or analytical intuitive mode, depending on circumstances (Azzollini, Torres, Depaula, Clotet & Nistal, 2010). The objective of this study was to determine experimentally whether there are differences in the ways of processing information and efficiency in decision making, depending on the age of the subjects. It´s been evaluated the mode of processing and determining the effectiveness of decisions made by 116 volunteer soldiers of different ages, in different situations in which they experimentally manipulated the level of cultural uncertainty. The results indicate that older subjects show a clear trend towards the use of predominantly intuitive processes in decision-making (F=3,473, p=0.034), with a marginally significant loss of eficacy (F=3,045, p=0.052).Changes in the predominant mode of decision according to the age: its relation with the effectiveness of decisions made by volunteers in peacekeeping missions. It is known that to achieve effective action in contexts characterized by cultural diversity and uncertainty, decision-making strategies are needed that involve processing or analytical intuitive mode, depending on circumstances (Azzollini, Torres, Depaula, Clotet & Nistal, 2010). The objective of this study was to determine experimentally whether there are differences in the ways of processing information and efficiency in decision making, depending on the age of the subjects. It´s been evaluated the mode of processing and determining the effectiveness of decisions made by 116 volunteer soldiers of different ages, in different situations in which they experimentally manipulated the level of cultural uncertainty. The results indicate that older subjects show a clear trend towards the use of predominantly intuitive processes in decision-making (F=3,473, p=0.034), with a marginally significant loss of eficacy (F=3,045, p=0.052).Fil: Azzollini, Susana Celeste. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Psicología; ArgentinaFil: Piñeyro, Diego Raúl. Ministerio de Defensa. Ejército Argentino. Instituto de Enseñanza Superior del Ejército. Centro de Investigaciones Sociales y Humanas para la Defensa; ArgentinaFil: Depaula, Pablo Domingo. Ministerio de Defensa. Ejército Argentino. Instituto de Enseñanza Superior del Ejército. Centro de Investigaciones Sociales y Humanas para la Defensa; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Abierta Interamericana; ArgentinaFil: Castillo, Sergio Edgardo. Ministerio de Defensa. Ejército Argentino. Instituto de Enseñanza Superior del Ejército. Centro de Investigaciones Sociales y Humanas para la Defensa; ArgentinaFil: Cosentino, Alejandro César. Ministerio de Defensa. Ejército Argentino. Instituto de Enseñanza Superior del Ejército. Centro de Investigaciones Sociales y Humanas para la Defensa; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Effectiveness and safety of dupilumab in adults with moderate and severe atopic dermatitis in Colombia: real-life experience

Background. Dupilumab is a treatment approved for uncontrolled moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD). Tropical and developing countries such as Colombia have characteristics that may impact the natural history of AD and access to medical treatments. In that sense, we aimed to describe the effectiveness and safety of dupilumab in adults with moderate to severe AD in a Colombian multicenter cohort. Methods.Multicenter descriptive study that included patients who started treatment between March 2018 and May 2020 in 6 centers. Disease severity was assessed using the following: Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD), Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI), Patient Oriented Eczema Measure (POEM), and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). These measurements were collected according to availability at baseline, 3–5 months, 6–12 months, and more than 12 months. Days of sick leave, hospitalizations, and AD flares before and after dupilumab treatment were reported. Adverse events (AEs) were recorded during follow-up. Results. Ninety-three patients were included, with a median age of 32 years (IQR: 24.0; 40.0) and a disease evolution time of 21 years (IQR: 16.0; 29.5). 88.2% had at least 1 allergic disease other than AD. An improvement greater than or equal to 75% EASI was observed in 41.7% of patients at 3–5 months, in 73.7% of patients at 6–12 months, and in 75.0% of patients after 12 months. For those reporting SCORAD and POEM, the median percent change ([IQR], n) from baseline in SCORAD was −67.1 ([−79.2; −54.2], n = 16), −70.5 ([−85.8; −47.9], n = 36) and −66.7 ([−77.3; −51.0], n = 13); and POEM, −58.6 ([−66.4; −55.5], n = 4), −73.0 ([−86.5; −66.7], n = 16) and −87.3 ([−93.4; −69.6], n = 8), respectively. Before initiation of dupilumab treatment, 82 (88.2%) patients reported at least 1 flare of AD in the past 12 months. During the follow-up period, 30 (32.3%) patients reported at least 1 exacerbation or flare. Twelve patients (12.9%) presented an AE and 3 (3.2%) patients discontinued dupilumab for this cause. Conclusions. Dupilumab was effective and safe for the treatment of moderate to severe AD in point-of-care settings, with results similar to randomized controlled and other real-life studies. These positive results are still maintained even though a high number of patients had short interruptions in the use of dupilumab due to administrative problems