Prevalencia del sindrome bronquial obstructivo en menores de 3 anos en el servicio de atencion primaria de La Florida

47 p.En Chile, las infecciones respiratorias agudas (IRA) constituyen un importante problema de salud pública. Debido a esto, se elaboró el Programa IRA que incorpora el manejo moderno del síndrome bronquial obstructivo. El SBO se asocia a infecciones respiratorias virales en el menor de 2 años en el 20 a 25% de los casos, especialmente en los meses de invierno, representando por si solo el 23% de todas las consultas de morbilidad pediátrica en Santiago de Chile, y afecta a la cuarta parte de todos los niños menores de un año. En el presente estudio se determinó la Prevalencia de Síndrome Bronquial Obstructivo en menores de 3 años en el Servicio de Atención Primaria de La Florida, en la ciudad de Talca para conocer el número de casos en un tiempo determinado de esta patología. El estudio fue realizado en Consultorio de La Florida, entre los meses de Agosto de 2006 y Noviembre de 2007. Se realizó una revisión de 823 fichas de niños menores de 3 años (grupo poblacional). Dentro de la recolección de datos se utilizó un cuestionario de elaboración propia. Para el análisis de los resultados se utilizó el programa STATA 7.0

Modelo estratégico y su impacto en la gestión comercial de una empresa PYME del sector automotriz

The objective of the research was to determine the impact of a strategic model on the commercial management of an Pyme company in the automotive sector. The study was preexperimental pre-test and post-test. The population being 9277 customers and 34513 sales records. A reliable questionnaire (Cronbach's Alpha of 0.883) and validated by expert judgment was applied to 137 clients. The financial statements showed deficiencies in: use of resources, innovation in sales techniques and interaction with the client; impacting business management. The strategies developed considered internal and external analysis, aligning them to the fulfillment of six strategic objectives of the company. The average monthly purchase increased from S / 442838 to s / 492644, increasing by 11.2%. The average purchase ticket went from S / 101.0 to S / 116.1 with an increase of 14.9%. The NPV was 200363, the IRR of 190.72% and a B / C 1.14 index demonstrating the financial economic viability of the strategic model implemented. The hypothesis test using the Mann-Whitney U determined that the median monthly sales revenue has a significant difference (p = 0.00 <0.05) between traditional management versus management with the strategic model implemented in the companyLa investigación tuvo por objetivo determinar el impacto de un modelo estratégico en la gestión comercial de una empresa pyme del sector automotriz. El estudio fue pre experimental de prueba post prueba. Siendo la población 9277 clientes y 34513 registros de venta. Un cuestionario confiable (Alpha de Cronbach de 0.883) y validado por juicio de expertos se aplicó a 137 clientes. Los estados financieros demostraron deficiencias en: utilización de recursos, innovación en técnicas de ventas e interacción con el cliente; impactando en la gestión comercial. Las estrategias elaboradas consideraron el análisis interno y externo alineándolas al cumplimiento de seis objetivos estratégicos de la empresa. El promedio mensual de compra pasó de S/ 442838 a s/ 492644 incrementándose en 11.2%. El ticket promedio de compra pasó de S/ 101.0 a S/ 116.1 con un incremento de 14.9%. El VAN fue 200363, el TIR de 190,72% y un índice B/C 1.14 que demuestra la viabilidad económica financiera del modelo estratégico implementado. La prueba de hipótesis mediante la U de Mann-Whitney determinó que las medianas de los ingresos mensuales por ventas tienen una diferencia significativa (p=0.00 < 0.05) entre la gestión tradicional versus la gestión con el modelo estratégico implementado en la empresa

Interactions of rutin with the oxidovanadium( iv ) cation. Anticancer improvement effects of glycosylated flavonoids

This work reports the biological evaluation of the new complex Na2[VO(rut)(OH)2]·5H2O (rut = rutin, a glycosylated flavonoid). The complex was different in its coordination mode (catechol-like) from those previously reported, [VO(rutin)(H2O)2]2(SO4)·4H2O and [VO(rut)2]·4H2O (acetylacetonate-like coordination). Due to the coordination mode, the complex only improved the antioxidant activity of the ligand against superoxide and hydroxyl radicals. The results show that while both 100 µM rutin and V(IV)O did not exhibit cytotoxic activity on A549 cells, the complex selectively improved the anticancer effect (IC50 = 95 µM), cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and depletion of the non-enzymatic antioxidant glutathione (GSH), producing oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and it did not affect the viability of the normal embryonic lung cell line (MRC-5) (up to 100 µM). All these data, and given the reversion of the cell killing effect of the complex upon treatment with the antioxidant agent N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), suggested an oxidative stress mechanism. Rutin and VOrut can spontaneously bind bovine serum albumin (BSA) and they can be stored and transported by the protein.Fil: Goitia Semeco, Helen Rosmary. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Química Inorgánica "Dr. Pedro J. Aymonino". Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Química Inorgánica "Dr. Pedro J. Aymonino"; ArgentinaFil: Quispe Castillo, Patricia Araceli. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Química Inorgánica "Dr. Pedro J. Aymonino". Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Química Inorgánica "Dr. Pedro J. Aymonino"; ArgentinaFil: Naso, Luciana Gissella. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Química Inorgánica "Dr. Pedro J. Aymonino". Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Química Inorgánica "Dr. Pedro J. Aymonino"; ArgentinaFil: Martínez, Valeria R.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Química Inorgánica "Dr. Pedro J. Aymonino". Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Química Inorgánica "Dr. Pedro J. Aymonino"; ArgentinaFil: Rey, Marilin. Universidad Nacional del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Rizzi, Alberto C.. Universidad Nacional del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Ferrer, Evelina Gloria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Química Inorgánica "Dr. Pedro J. Aymonino". Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Química Inorgánica "Dr. Pedro J. Aymonino"; ArgentinaFil: Williams, Patricia Ana María. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Química Inorgánica "Dr. Pedro J. Aymonino". Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Química Inorgánica "Dr. Pedro J. Aymonino"; Argentin

T-cell derived acetylcholine aids host defenses during enteric bacterial infection with Citrobacter rodentium.

The regulation of mucosal immune function is critical to host protection from enteric pathogens but is incompletely understood. The nervous system and the neurotransmitter acetylcholine play an integral part in host defense against enteric bacterial pathogens. Here we report that acetylcholine producing-T-cells, as a non-neuronal source of ACh, were recruited to the colon during infection with the mouse pathogen Citrobacter rodentium. These ChAT+ T-cells did not exclusively belong to one Th subset and were able to produce IFNγ, IL-17A and IL-22. To interrogate the possible protective effect of acetylcholine released from these cells during enteric infection, T-cells were rendered deficient in their ability to produce acetylcholine through a conditional gene knockout approach. Significantly increased C. rodentium burden was observed in the colon from conditional KO (cKO) compared to WT mice at 10 days post-infection. This increased bacterial burden in cKO mice was associated with increased expression of the cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα, but without significant changes in T-cell and ILC associated IL-17A, IL-22, and IFNγ, or epithelial expression of antimicrobial peptides, compared to WT mice. Despite the increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines during C. rodentium infection, inducible nitric oxide synthase (Nos2) expression was significantly reduced in intestinal epithelial cells of ChAT T-cell cKO mice 10 days post-infection. Additionally, a cholinergic agonist enhanced IFNγ-induced Nos2 expression in intestinal epithelial cell in vitro. These findings demonstrated that acetylcholine, produced by specialized T-cells that are recruited during C. rodentium infection, are a key mediator in host-microbe interactions and mucosal defenses

Universal Approximation of a Class of Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Neural Networks in Nonlinear Identification

Neural networks (NNs), type-1 fuzzy logic systems (T1FLSs), and interval type-2 fuzzy logic systems (IT2FLSs) have been shown to be universal approximators, which means that they can approximate any nonlinear continuous function. Recent research shows that embedding an IT2FLS on an NN can be very effective for a wide number of nonlinear complex systems, especially when handling imperfect or incomplete information. In this paper we show, based on the Stone-Weierstrass theorem, that an interval type-2 fuzzy neural network (IT2FNN) is a universal approximator, which uses a set of rules and interval type-2 membership functions (IT2MFs) for this purpose. Simulation results of nonlinear function identification using the IT2FNN for one and three variables and for the Mackey-Glass chaotic time series prediction are presented to illustrate the concept of universal approximation

A method to rationalize the product portfolio in retail stores

Retail store operations face a variety of challenges and complexities. Determining the best assortment is the main problem in the retail store. This re-search presents a practical methodology for the analysis of products in the assortment with the goal of reducing the excess items and improve sales and profit margin of a retail store without affecting customer satisfaction. The methodology integrates 6 steps that allow to optimize products of a portfolio in categories, sub categories and segments, through Pareto analysis and clustering analysis using the BCG matrix. The methodology was applied in an independent supermarket. The results in the case of the application for non-perishable products, allowed to identify a set of different products (n = 152), of which they were prioritized in a subcategory (oils) in which 90 products were prioritized. In the example, it shows how 21 products have significant results in the variety of products. The combination of the global and local category of the product, the net profit, the inventory rotation and the participation of the growth provides a multifactorial analysis in the decision-making to supply with products a retail store seeking to increase the level of service and maximizing profits

Teaching cancer imaging in the era of precision medicine: Looking at the big picture

The role of imaging in cancer diagnosis and treatment has evolved at the same rapid pace as cancer management. Over the last twenty years, with the advancement of technology, oncology has become a multidisciplinary field that allows for researchers and clinicians not only to create individualized treatment options for cancer patients, but also to evaluate patients\u27 response to therapy with increasing precision. Familiarity with these concepts is a requisite for current and future radiologists, as cancer imaging studies represent a significant and growing component of any radiology practice, from tertiary cancer centers to community hospitals. In this review we provide the framework to teach cancer imaging in the era of genomic oncology. After reading this article, readers should be able to illustrate the basics cancer genomics, modern cancer genomics, to summarize the types of systemic oncologic therapies available, their patterns of response and their adverse events, to discuss the role of imaging in oncologic clinical trials and the role of tumor response criteria and to display the future directions of oncologic imaging

Characterization of Groundwater Flows according to Salinity

La vinculación entre elementos del paisaje puede ser explicada mediante la teoría de los sistemas de flujo de agua subterránea, que reconoce los diferentes flujos y sus zonas de descarga y recarga, que manifiestan en forma complementaria su funcionamiento hidrológico. Es esencial la caracterización de los diferentes flujos para conocer su potencialidad, salinidad y su posibilidad de uso en diferentes prácticas de manejo agropecuario y forestal; en esta definición quedan implícitas sus características de cantidad y profundidad de circulación. En ambientes donde la superficie de agua freática es poco profunda, definir los flujos constituye un procedimiento esencial al seleccionar las prácticas de manejo agropecuario y forestal que coadyuven en una situación dada, tales como excesos o déficit hídricos. Los flujos se definen a partir de la calidad del agua e indicadores ambientales. Los costos de los análisis químicos de agua son elevados y resultan difíciles de abordar en grandes áreas. Sin embargo, puede utilizarse la conductividad eléctrica (CE) para estimar la composición química del agua en un área si se conocen los principios mediante los cuales adquiere su composición y se establecen las relaciones matemáticas con los iones mayoritarios. El objetivo del presente estudio es establecer la factibilidad de utilizar los modelos hidrogeoquímicos propuestos para estimar la composición química del agua a partir de su conductividad eléctrica. Se estudió el origen del agua de pozos, freatímetros y lagunas del noroeste de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina, conociendo el referente geológico del sitio, y aplicando modelos hidrogeoquímicos de reconocimiento de patrones (HIDROGEOQUIM, GEOQUIM, SAMA, MODELAGUA). Se obtuvieron los patrones hidrogeoquímicos y las relaciones matemáticas entre la composición iónica y CE. El mejor ajuste se obtuvo utilizando la ecuación polinomial (parábola), que pasa por el origen de coordenadas, habiendo agrupado previamente los datos mediante el modelo de reconocimiento de patrones. Se concluye que es posible definir la composición química del agua mediante estimaciones matemáticas a partir del valor de la conductividad eléctrica, la cual, junto al pH, temperatura y otros elementos del paisaje, permiten definir tipos de flujo y manejo del suelo asociado.The relationships among elements in the landscape can be explained using the theory of groundwater flow systems, which recognizes the different flows and their discharge and recharge zones, demonstrating their hydrological functioning. Characterizing the different flows is crucial to identifying their potential, salinity and possible use for different agricultural and forestry management practices. This definition implicitly includes characteristics related to quantity and depth of circulation. In environments where the water table is shallow, defining flow is key to selecting agricultural and forestry management practices that help in a given situation, such as water excess or deficit. The flows are defined according to the water quality and environmental indicators. The costs of the chemical analysis of water are high and it is difficult to analyze large areas. Nevertheless, electrical conductivity (EC) can be used to estimate the chemical composition of water in an area if the principles through which they acquire their composition are known and mathematical relationships with major ions are determined. The objective of the present study is to determine the feasibility of using the proposed hydrogeochemical models to calculate the chemical composition of water based on its electrical conductivity. Sources of water from wells, phreatimeters and lagoons in northwest Buenos Aires, Argentina were studied to identify the geology of the site and apply hydrogeochemical pattern recognition models to identify patterns (HIDROGEOQUIM, GEOQUIM, SAMA, MODELAGUA). The hydrogeochemical patterns and mathematical relationships between the ionic composition and EC were obtained. The best fit was obtained using the polynomial (parabola) equation that passes through the origin of the coordinates, having previously grouped the data using the pattern recognition model. It is concluded that the chemical composition of the water can be defined with mathematical calculations based on the value of electrical conductivity, which along with pH, temperature and other elements of the landscape enable defining types of flow and related soil management.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Characterization of Groundwater Flows according to Salinity

La vinculación entre elementos del paisaje puede ser explicada mediante la teoría de los sistemas de flujo de agua subterránea, que reconoce los diferentes flujos y sus zonas de descarga y recarga, que manifiestan en forma complementaria su funcionamiento hidrológico. Es esencial la caracterización de los diferentes flujos para conocer su potencialidad, salinidad y su posibilidad de uso en diferentes prácticas de manejo agropecuario y forestal; en esta definición quedan implícitas sus características de cantidad y profundidad de circulación. En ambientes donde la superficie de agua freática es poco profunda, definir los flujos constituye un procedimiento esencial al seleccionar las prácticas de manejo agropecuario y forestal que coadyuven en una situación dada, tales como excesos o déficit hídricos. Los flujos se definen a partir de la calidad del agua e indicadores ambientales. Los costos de los análisis químicos de agua son elevados y resultan difíciles de abordar en grandes áreas. Sin embargo, puede utilizarse la conductividad eléctrica (CE) para estimar la composición química del agua en un área si se conocen los principios mediante los cuales adquiere su composición y se establecen las relaciones matemáticas con los iones mayoritarios. El objetivo del presente estudio es establecer la factibilidad de utilizar los modelos hidrogeoquímicos propuestos para estimar la composición química del agua a partir de su conductividad eléctrica. Se estudió el origen del agua de pozos, freatímetros y lagunas del noroeste de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina, conociendo el referente geológico del sitio, y aplicando modelos hidrogeoquímicos de reconocimiento de patrones (HIDROGEOQUIM, GEOQUIM, SAMA, MODELAGUA). Se obtuvieron los patrones hidrogeoquímicos y las relaciones matemáticas entre la composición iónica y CE. El mejor ajuste se obtuvo utilizando la ecuación polinomial (parábola), que pasa por el origen de coordenadas, habiendo agrupado previamente los datos mediante el modelo de reconocimiento de patrones. Se concluye que es posible definir la composición química del agua mediante estimaciones matemáticas a partir del valor de la conductividad eléctrica, la cual, junto al pH, temperatura y otros elementos del paisaje, permiten definir tipos de flujo y manejo del suelo asociado.The relationships among elements in the landscape can be explained using the theory of groundwater flow systems, which recognizes the different flows and their discharge and recharge zones, demonstrating their hydrological functioning. Characterizing the different flows is crucial to identifying their potential, salinity and possible use for different agricultural and forestry management practices. This definition implicitly includes characteristics related to quantity and depth of circulation. In environments where the water table is shallow, defining flow is key to selecting agricultural and forestry management practices that help in a given situation, such as water excess or deficit. The flows are defined according to the water quality and environmental indicators. The costs of the chemical analysis of water are high and it is difficult to analyze large areas. Nevertheless, electrical conductivity (EC) can be used to estimate the chemical composition of water in an area if the principles through which they acquire their composition are known and mathematical relationships with major ions are determined. The objective of the present study is to determine the feasibility of using the proposed hydrogeochemical models to calculate the chemical composition of water based on its electrical conductivity. Sources of water from wells, phreatimeters and lagoons in northwest Buenos Aires, Argentina were studied to identify the geology of the site and apply hydrogeochemical pattern recognition models to identify patterns (HIDROGEOQUIM, GEOQUIM, SAMA, MODELAGUA). The hydrogeochemical patterns and mathematical relationships between the ionic composition and EC were obtained. The best fit was obtained using the polynomial (parabola) equation that passes through the origin of the coordinates, having previously grouped the data using the pattern recognition model. It is concluded that the chemical composition of the water can be defined with mathematical calculations based on the value of electrical conductivity, which along with pH, temperature and other elements of the landscape enable defining types of flow and related soil management.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale