APLICAÇÃO DE TESTES DE NORMALIDADE EM PUBLICAÇÕES NACIONAIS: LEVANTAMENTO BIBLIOGRÁFICO

O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar e identificar os artigos publicados em periódicos nacionais que aplicaram testes de normalidade, quais os mais utilizados, se há relação com o Qualis e se no decorrer dos anos há um aumento na utilização desses testes. Para elaboração da pesquisa foram escolhidos três periódicos nacionais indexados no SciELO. Foram analisadas publicações entre 2008 e 2012. A análise descritiva foi realizada no Excel 2007 e o teste de normalidade (Shapiro Wilk) pelo SPSS, assim como a comparação entre grupos (ANOVA one way), com nível de significância de 5%. Dentre a totalidade dos Artigos Originais (n=871), foi observado que 358 citaram a utilização de teste de normalidade. Em suma, pode-se afirmar que a Revista Brasileira de Fisioterapia é responsável por 46% dessas publicações. A Revista Fisioterapia e Pesquisa e Revista Fisioterapia em Movimento são responsáveis por 30,2% e 23,7% das publicações, respectivamente. Os testes estatísticos mais utilizados foram Shapiro-Wilk (n=163) e Komolgorov-Smirnov (n=137). Estes foram responsáveis por 83,8% das publicações que citaram testar a normalidade de seus dados. Ainda, 2,8% executaram outros testes e 13,4% não especificaram qual teste utilizado, porém, afirmaram testar a normalidade. Conclui-se então que o periódico nacional de maior Qualis, a Revista Brasileira de Fisioterapia, possui maior rigor criterioso em relação à análise estatística e que não há diferença estatisticamente significante no número de artigos publicados que aplicaram o teste de normalidade no decorrer dos anos. Observa-se também que o teste de Shapiro-Wilk foi o mais utilizado nas publicações

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Use of the Ogawa-Kudoh method to isolate mycobacteria in a tuberculosis reference laboratory in northwestern Paraná, Brazil

A cultura é o método padrão ouro para confirmação da tuberculose (TB). O Ministério da Saúde Brasileiro propôs, recentemente, a utilização do método de Ogawa-Kudoh para cultura de escarro na detecção de Mycobacterium tuberculosis. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar oito anos de utilização do método de Ogawa-Kudoh na rotina de um laboratório de referência na região noroeste do Paraná, Brasil. Realizou-se estudo retrospectivo dos registros das culturas de escarro para a detecção de micobactérias, usando o método Ogawa-Kudoh conduzido no Laboratório de Bacteriologia Médica, Laboratório de ensino e pesquisa em Análises Clínicas (LEPAC) da Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), de Julho de 2003 a Setembro de 2011. As seguintes variáveis foram analisadas: esfregaço Ziehl Neelsen (Z-N), cultura, idade e sexo do paciente. Analisaram-se 3.231 amostras de escarro de pacientes com suspeita de tuberculose. Destes, 67,17% eram do sexo masculino com idade média de 45,58 anos. Do total de amostras Z-N negativas (n=2.949), 42 amostras (42/2949, 1,42%) apresentaram cultura positiva para M. tuberculosis (p>;0,05). A utilização do método Ogawa-Kudoh representa excelente ferramenta para o diagnóstico precoce da TB pulmonar. É de fácil execução, requer menos equipamentos de biossegurança do que o método de Petroff, apresenta baixo custo e boa sensibilidade para detecção de M. tuberculosis.Culturing is the gold standard method for confirming a diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB). The Brazilian Ministry of Health recently proposed the use of the Ogawa-Kudoh method for sputa cultures to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate 8 years of using the Ogawa-Kudoh method in a TB reference laboratory in northwestern Paraná, Brazil. The present study consisted of a retrospective analysis of sputa cultures records for the detection of mycobacteria using the Ogawa-Kudoh method in the Laboratory of Medical Bacteriology, Laboratory of Teaching and Research in Clinical Analysis (LEPAC), State University of Maringá, from July 2003 to September 2011. The following variables were analyzed: Ziehl Neelsen (Z-N) smears and cultures results and the age and gender of the patients. Sputa samples from 3,231 patients with suspected TB were analyzed. Of these, 67.17% were male with an average age of 45.58 years. Of the total number of Z-N-negative samples (n=2,949), 42 (1.42%) were positive for M. tuberculosis (p >;0.05). The Ogawa-Kudoh method is an excellent tool for diagnosing pulmonary TB. It is easy to perform, requires less biosafety equipment than the Petroff method, has a low cost, and has good sensitivity for detecting of M. tuberculosis

Use of the Ogawa-Kudoh method to isolate mycobacteria in a tuberculosis reference laboratory in northwestern Paraná, Brazil

Culturing is the gold standard method for confirming a diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB). The Brazilian Ministry of Health recently proposed the use of the Ogawa-Kudoh method for sputa cultures to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate 8 years of using the Ogawa-Kudoh method in a TB reference laboratory in northwestern Paraná, Brazil. The present study consisted of a retrospective analysis of sputa cultures records for the detection of mycobacteria using the Ogawa-Kudoh method in the Laboratory of Medical Bacteriology, Laboratory of Teaching and Research in Clinical Analysis (LEPAC), State University of Maringá, from July 2003 to September 2011. The following variables were analyzed: Ziehl Neelsen (Z-N) smears and cultures results and the age and gender of the patients. Sputa samples from 3,231 patients with suspected TB were analyzed. Of these, 67.17% were male with an average age of 45.58 years. Of the total number of Z-N-negative samples (n=2,949), 42 (1.42%) were positive for M. tuberculosis (p >0.05). The Ogawa-Kudoh method is an excellent tool for diagnosing pulmonary TB. It is easy to perform, requires less biosafety equipment than the Petroff method, has a low cost, and has good sensitivity for detecting of M. tuberculosis

First Baseline of Circulating Genotypic Lineages of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> in Patients from the Brazilian Borders with Argentina and Paraguay

<div><p>Background</p><p>At the triple border Brazil/Paraguay/Argentina there is easy mobility from one city to another for economic and tourism activities. This constant and fast population mobility is mainly to visit Iguazu Falls, in the Iguazu River, on the border of the Brazilian state of Paraná and the Argentina. As the incidence of tuberculosis is high in this setting, our study aimed to establish a first baseline of circulating genotypic lineages of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>.</p><p>Methodology/Principal Findings</p><p>This study included 120 patients from 10 cities in southwestern Paraná, Brazil with pulmonary symptoms, from July 2009 to July 2011. Information about sex, age, clinical features and address was collected by reviewing the national tuberculosis notification database. Of these, 96 (80%) isolates were identified as <i>M. tuberculosis</i> and 22 (22.9%) were drug resistant (20, 20.8% INH mono-resistant and 2, 2.1% multidrug-resistant). All isolates were subjected to genotyping by Spoligotyping and MIRU-VNTR typing. The distribution of the isolates analyzed by spoligotyping revealed 30 distinct patterns. The four mainly detected clades were Latin American and Mediterranean (LAM), ill-defined T, Haarlem (H) and S. The MIRU-VNTR showed 85 distinct patterns. Spoligotyping combined to MIRU-VNTR allowed 90 distinct patterns.</p><p>Conclusions/Significance</p><p>Our study demonstrated that there is significant molecular diversity in circulating <i>M. tuberculosis</i>, with predominance of the LAM and T clades in cities of southwestern Paraná, Brazil, bordering Argentina and Paraguay.</p></div

Allele polymorphism by 12 loci-MIRU-VNTR of 96 <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> from cities in southwestern Paraná, Brazil.

a<p>HGI: Hunter-Gaston index.</p><p>The allelic diversity of the loci was classified as highly discriminant (HGI >0.6), moderately discriminant (0.3≥ HGI ≤0.6) and poorly discriminant (HGI <0.3).</p><p>Allele polymorphism by 12 loci-MIRU-VNTR of 96 <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> from cities in southwestern Paraná, Brazil.</p

Sex and age of patients and drug susceptibility, Spoligotyping and MIRU patterns of 96 <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> isolates from cities in southwestern Paraná, Brazil.

<p>M: male; F: female; Drug susceptibility testing, DST; H, isoniazid resistant; MDR, isoniazid and rifampicin resistant; S, susceptible to isoniazid, rifampicin and pyrazinamide; SIT, Shared International Types; MIT, MIRU international types; -, no amplification; /, not described in SITVITWEB database; * family assignment by SPOTCLUST.</p><p>Sex and age of patients and drug susceptibility, Spoligotyping and MIRU patterns of 96 <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> isolates from cities in southwestern Paraná, Brazil.</p