Thermal conductivity via magnetic excitations in spin-chain materials

We discuss the recent progress and the current status of experimental investigations of spin-mediated energy transport in spin-chain and spin-ladder materials with antiferromagnetic coupling. We briefly outline the central results of theoretical studies on the subject but focus mainly on recent experimental results that were obtained on materials which may be regarded as adequate physical realizations of the idealized theoretical model systems. Some open questions and unsettled issues are also addressed.Comment: 17 pages, 4 figure

Novos registros na distribuição geográfica de anuros na floresta com araucária e considerações sobre suas vocalizações

Estudos envolvendo análises bioacústicas têm possibilitado a identificação de espécies pertencentes a grupos complexos, bem como a descrição e diferenciação de espécies crípticas. Recorrendo a esta ferramenta e com o objetivo de aumentar o conhecimento sobre a composição de espécies de anfíbios em áreas de Floresta com Araucária, foram amostradas 11 áreas nos estados do Paraná e Santa Catarina. Os resultados ampliaram significativamente o conhecimento da distribuição geográfica de oito espécies de anfíbios anuros: Ischnocnema henselii, Dendropsophus anceps, atualmente classificada como criticamente ameaçada no Estado do Paraná, D. nahdereri, Scinax granulatus, Trachycephalus dibernardoi, Pseudis cardosoi, Leptodactylus araucaria e L. nanus. Alguns destes registros representam correções em identificações anteriores: Ischnocnema henselii é uma espécie críptica e algumas populações até o momento eram confundidas no Paraná com I. guentheri; Trachycephalus dibernardoi era identificada como T. imitatrix e Leptodactylus nanus como L. marmoratus. A caracterização e descrição dos cantos destas espécies também são apresentadas.Studies involving bioacoustics analysis turned possible the identification of complex species groups, as well as the description and differentiation of cryptic species. In order to increase the knowledge on the species composition of amphibians in Araucaria Forests, we sampled eleven areas in the states of Paraná and Santa Catarina, which significantly increased the geographic distribution range of eight amphibian species: Ischnocnema henselii, Dendropsophus anceps, a currently classified as critically endangered in Paraná State, D. nahdereri, Scinax granulatus, Trachycephalus dibernardoi, Pseudis cardosoi, Leptodactylus araucaria and L. nanus. Some of the new records represent corrections of previous identifications for example: Ischnocnema henselii is a cryptic species with some populations in Paraná that have been previously mistaken to I. guentheri; Trachycephalus dibernardoi was mistaken for T. imitatrix and Leptodactylus nanus to L. marmoratus. We also characterize and describe the calls of all these species.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Universidade Estadual Paulista Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia AnimalUniversidade Federal de Goiás (UFG) Departamento de Ecologia Laboratório de Comportamento Animal e HerpetologiaUniversidade Federal do Acre Centro Multidisciplinar Laboratório de HerpetologiaStaatliches Museum für Naturkunde StuttgartUniversidade Tecnológica Federal do ParanáUniversidade Estadual Paulista Departamento de Zoologia e BotânicaUniversidade Estadual Paulista Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia AnimalUniversidade Estadual Paulista Departamento de Zoologia e Botânic

Effect of potassium fertilization on yield and nutrition of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis)

Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) is a tree species native to the subtropical regions of South America, and is found in Brazil predominantly in the southern region. Despite the historical importance in this region, so far, studies on crop nutrition to improve yields are scarce. Thus, this study evaluated the effect of potassium rates on K soil availability, and the yield and nutritional status of yerba mate. The experiment was conducted in São Mateus do Sul, State of Paraná, on a Humox soil, where K2O rates of 0, 20, 40, 80, 160, and 320 kg ha-1 were tested on 7-year-old plantations. The experiment was harvested 24 months after installation by removing approximately 95 % of the canopy that had sprouted from the previous harvest. The soil was evaluated for K availability in the layers 0-10, 0-20, 10-20, and 20-40 cm. The plant parts leaf fresh matter (LM), twigs (TW), thick branches (BR) and commercial yerba mate (COYM), i.e., LM+TW, were analyzed. In addition, the relationship between fresh matter/dry matter (FM/DM) and K concentration in LM, AG and BR were evaluated. The fertilization increased K availability in all evaluated soil layers, indicating good mobility of the nutrient even at low rates. Yerba mate responded positively to increasing K2O rates with higher yields of all harvested components. The crop proved K-demanding, with a maximum COYM yield of 28.5 t ha-1, when 72 mg dm-3 K was available in the 0-20 cm layer. Yerba mate in the plant production stage requires soil K availability at medium to high level; in clayey soil with low K availability, a rate of 300 kg ha-1 K2O should be applied at 24 month intervals to obtain high yields. A leaf K concentration of 16.0 g ha-1 is suitable for yerba mate in the growth stage

Risk assessment for major adverse cardiovascular events after noncardiac surgery using self-reported functional capacity: international prospective cohort study

Background Guidelines endorse self-reported functional capacity for preoperative cardiovascular assessment, although evidence for its predictive value is inconsistent. We hypothesised that self-reported effort tolerance improves prediction of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) after noncardiac surgery. Methods This is an international prospective cohort study (June 2017 to April 2020) in patients undergoing elective noncardiac surgery at elevated cardiovascular risk. Exposures were (i) questionnaire-estimated effort tolerance in metabolic equivalents (METs), (ii) number of floors climbed without resting, (iii) self-perceived cardiopulmonary fitness compared with peers, and (iv) level of regularly performed physical activity. The primary endpoint was in-hospital MACE consisting of cardiovascular mortality, non-fatal cardiac arrest, acute myocardial infarction, stroke, and congestive heart failure requiring transfer to a higher unit of care or resulting in a prolongation of stay on ICU/intermediate care (≥24 h). Mixed-effects logistic regression models were calculated. Results In this study, 274 (1.8%) of 15 406 patients experienced MACE. Loss of follow-up was 2%. All self-reported functional capacity measures were independently associated with MACE but did not improve discrimination (area under the curve of receiver operating characteristic [ROC AUC]) over an internal clinical risk model (ROC AUCbaseline 0.74 [0.71–0.77], ROC AUCbaseline+4METs 0.74 [0.71–0.77], ROC AUCbaseline+floors climbed 0.75 [0.71–0.78], AUCbaseline+fitnessvspeers 0.74 [0.71–0.77], and AUCbaseline+physical activity 0.75 [0.72–0.78]). Conclusions Assessment of self-reported functional capacity expressed in METs or using the other measures assessed here did not improve prognostic accuracy compared with clinical risk factors. Caution is needed in the use of self-reported functional capacity to guide clinical decisions resulting from risk assessment in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. Clinical trial registration: NCT03016936

Measurement of the effective leptonic weak mixing angle

Abstract Using pp collision data at s $$\sqrt{s}$$ = 13 TeV, recorded by the LHCb experiment between 2016 and 2018 and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.4 fb −1, the forward-backward asymmetry in the pp → Z/γ * → μ + μ − process is measured. The measurement is carried out in ten intervals of the difference between the muon pseudorapidities, within a fiducial region covering dimuon masses between 66 and 116 GeV, muon pseudorapidities between 2.0 and 4.5 and muon transverse momenta above 20 GeV. These forward-backward asymmetries are compared with predictions, at next-to-leading order in the strong and electroweak couplings. The measured effective leptonic weak mixing angle is sin 2 θ eff ℓ = 0.23147 ± 0.00044 ± 0.00005 ± 0.00023 , $${\sin}^2{\theta}_{\textrm{eff}}^{\ell }=0.23147\pm 0.00044\pm 0.00005\pm 0.00023,$$ where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second arises from systematic uncertainties associated with the asymmetry measurement, and the third arises from uncertainties in the fit model used to extract sin 2 θ eff ℓ $${\sin}^2{\theta}_{\textrm{eff}}^{\ell }$$ from the asymmetry measurement. This result is based on an arithmetic average of results using the CT18, MSHT20, and NNPDF31 parameterisations of the proton internal structure, and is consistent with previous measurements and with predictions from the global electroweak fit