Prácticas educativas de las madres comunitarias en niños de 3 a 5 años

RESUMEN: los cuidados que recibe el niño por parte de las personas con las que se desarrolla son de suma importancia en su proceso de aprendizaje, esto conlleva que el niño adquiera un conjunto de habilidades en sus dimensiones cognitivas, físicas, emocionales y sociales, las cuales facultan a los niños para desenvolverse de una manera más apropiada en las siguientes etapas de su evolución: la adolescencia, la adultez y la vejez. A lo anteriormente expuesto, el propósito del presente trabajo de grado hace parte de los requisitos para optar al título profesional de Psicólogo, el cual dentro de nuestro campo ocupacional se encuentra el compromiso de atender la primera infancia, población que en el municipio de Puerto Berrío equivale a 3,624 niños y niñas de 0 a 5 años 1 de la población total de este municipio. En el municipio de Puerto Berrío, existen distintos Hogares Comunitarios de Bienestar que trabajan bajo la Estrategia de Cero a Siempre, el cual hace parte de las líneas de Atención de la Consejería Presidencial para la Primera Infancia; nos llamó la atención indagar sobre esta estrategia al empezar nuestras prácticas profesionales en el año 2016, además por atender población escolar y sus familias que también tenían hijos en estos hogares. Algunos elementos teóricos concernientes a las directrices relacionadas con las experiencias formativas de estas Madres Comunitarias en Hogares Comunitarios, adscritos al Instituto Colombiano de Bienestar Familiar; de igual manera se exponen fundamentos en relación con la articulación de las prácticas educativas con el desarrollo emocional en niños de 3 a 5 años en estos Hogares Comunitarios de Bienestar Tradicional. Por ello, ante estas experiencias de estas Madres Comunitarias (agentes educativos) en relación con el cuidado y atención del menor, nos preguntamos, lo siguiente: ¿Las prácticas educativas que llevan a cabo las Madres Comunitarias permiten el desarrollo de la dimensión socioemocional en niños de 3 a 5 años?ABSTRACT: Care given to the child by the people that develops is paramount in their learning process, this means that the child acquires a set of skills in their cognitive, physical, emotional and social dimensions, which they empower children to develop a more appropriately in the following stages of its evolution: adolescence, adulthood and old age. To the above, e purpose of the present work of degree l is part of the requirements to qualify for the professional title of psychologist, which committed to attend early childhood, population in the municipality of Puerto Berrío is located within our occupational field It is equivalent to 3,624 children 0 to 5 years1 of the total population of the municipality. In the municipality of Puerto Berrío, there are various community welfare homes who work under the strategy of zero always, which is part of the lines of attention of the Presidential Department for early childhood, caught our attention inquire on this strategy at the beginning of our professional practices in 2016, in addition to meet schoolchildren and their families who also had children in these homes. Some theoretical elements concerning the guidelines related to the formative experiences of these community mothers in community homes, affiliated to the Colombian Institute for family welfare; similarly presents fundamentals in relation to the articulation of educational practices with the emotional development in children 3-5 years in these community homes of traditional welfare. Therefore, faced with these experiences of these community mothers (educational agents) in connection with the care and attention of the minor, we wonder, the following: educational practices that the community mothers carry out allow the development of the dimension emotional in children 3 to 5 years? Methodology is described from a qualitative approach, performing in two groups a questionnaire for parents and other community mothers participating in this study. Community mothers, conducted semi-structured interview, corresponding to the traditional welfare "Fish" and "Mountains" community homes. With the foregoing analysis is made, there are conclusions, recommendations or suggestions that improve right from these practices development dimension socio-emotional in these children from the findings found in these homes.RESUMEN: Los cuidados que recibe el niño por parte de las personas con las que se desarrolla son de suma importancia en su proceso de aprendizaje, esto conlleva que el niño adquiera un conjunto de habilidades en sus dimensiones cognitivas, físicas, emocionales y sociales, las cuales facultan a los niños para desenvolverse de una manera más apropiada en las siguientes etapas de su evolución: la adolescencia, la adultez y la vejez. A lo anteriormente expuesto, el propósito del presente trabajo de grado hace parte de los requisitos para optar al título profesional de Psicólogo, el cual dentro de nuestro campo ocupacional se encuentra el compromiso de atender la primera infancia, población que en el municipio de Puerto Berrío equivale a 3,624 niños y niñas de 0 a 5 años de la población total de este municipio. En el municipio de Puerto Berrío, existen distintos Hogares Comunitarios de Bienestar que trabajan bajo la Estrategia de Cero a Siempre, el cual hace parte de las líneas de Atención de la Consejería Presidencial para la Primera Infancia; nos llamó la atención indagar sobre esta estrategia al empezar nuestras prácticas profesionales en el año 2016, además por atender población escolar y sus familias que también tenían hijos en estos hogares. Algunos elementos teóricos concernientes a las directrices relacionadas con las experiencias formativas de estas Madres Comunitarias en Hogares Comunitarios, adscritos al Instituto Colombiano de Bienestar Familiar; de igual manera se exponen fundamentos en relación con la articulación de las prácticas educativas con el desarrollo emocional en niños de 3 a 5 años en estos Hogares Comunitarios de Bienestar Tradicional. Por ello, ante estas experiencias de estas Madres Comunitarias (agentes educativos) en relación con el cuidado y atención del menor, nos preguntamos, lo siguiente: ¿Las prácticas educativas que llevan a cabo las Madres Comunitarias permiten el desarrollo de la dimensión socioemocional en niños de 3 a 5 años? La metodología se describe desde un enfoque cualitativo, al realizar en dos grupos un cuestionario para padres de familia y otro a las Madres Comunitarias participantes de este estudio. A las Madres Comunitarias, se realizó entrevista semiestructurada correspondiente a los Hogares Comunitarios de Bienestar Tradicional “Los Peces” y “Las Montañas”. Con lo anterior se elabora un análisis, se plantean conclusiones, recomendaciones y/o sugerencias que permitan mejorar el desarrollo adecuado desde estas prácticas la dimensión socioemocional en estos niños a partir de los hallazgos encontrados en estos hogares

Sprint performance and mechanical outputs computed with an iPhone app: Comparison with existing reference methods

The purpose of this study was to assess validity and reliability of sprint performance outcomes measured with an iPhone application (named: MySprint) and existing field methods (i.e. timing photocells and radar gun). To do this, 12 highly trained male sprinters performed 6 maximal 40-m sprints during a single session which were simultaneously timed using 7 pairs of timing photocells, a radar gun and a newly developed iPhone app based on high-speed video recording. Several split times as well as mechanical outputs computed from the model proposed by Samozino et al. [(2015). A simple method for measuring power, force, velocity properties, and mechanical effectiveness in sprint running. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12490] were then measured by each system, and values were compared for validity and reliability purposes. First, there was an almost perfect correlation between the values of time for each split of the 40-m sprint measured with MySprint and the timing photocells (r = 0.989–0.999, standard error of estimate = 0.007–0.015 s, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 1.0). Second, almost perfect associations were observed for the maximal theoretical horizontal force (F0), the maximal theoretical velocity (V0), the maximal power (Pmax) and the mechanical effectiveness (DRF – decrease in the ratio of force over acceleration) measured with the app and the radar gun (r = 0.974–0.999, ICC = 0.987–1.00). Finally, when analysing the performance outputs of the six different sprints of each athlete, almost identical levels of reliability were observed as revealed by the coefficient of variation (MySprint: CV = 0.027–0.14%; reference systems: CV = 0.028–0.11%). Results on the present study showed that sprint performance can be evaluated in a valid and reliable way using a novel iPhone app.Actividad Física y Deport

Preparation of Poly(vinyl Alcohol) Microparticles for Freeze Protection of Sensitive Fruit Crops

[Abstract] Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) displays ice recrystallization inhibition (IRI) properties as many antifreeze proteins found in cold tolerant organisms. The molecular architecture and composition (molecular weight and distribution of pendant OH and acetate groups) have been studied to improve the antifreezing properties of PVA, suggesting that the molecular architecture of PVA plays an important role in IRI activity. The present work deals with the preparation of PVA microparticles using an alkaline treatment. The effect of PVA molecular weight on the morphology and antifreezeing properties of PVA microparticles was investigated. The antifreezeing property of PVA microparticles on the susceptibility of flower bud tissues to freeze damage was also evaluated. The alkaline treatment of an aqueous PVA solution produced stable polymer chain aggregates with spherical shapes. The average size of the PVA microparticles increased significantly with the increasing molecular weight of the PVA macromolecule precursor. The PVA microparticles inhibited the growth of ice crystals and blocked ice growth at concentrations as low as 0.01 % w/v. The effect of impeding ice crystal growth by preventing the joining of adjacent ice crystals is attributed to the larger size of the PVA particles adsorbed on the ice surface compared to the aggregated PVA macromolecules in saline solution. The thermal hysteresis activity of PVA macromolecules and microparticles was not detected by differential scanning calorimetry analysis. The PVA microparticles reduced the incidence of freeze injuries in flower bud tissues by 55% and their application, considering the low toxicity of PVA, has a high potential for freeze protection in fruit crops.Chile. Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica; ID16I10425Chile. Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica; ID16I20425Chile. Gobierno Regional del Biobío; R17A10003Chile. Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo; ACE210016Chile. Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo; ACE210012Chile. Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica; AFB170007This research was funded by projects CONICYT + FONDEF/tercer concurso IDeA en Dos Etapas del Fondo al Desarrollo Científico Y Tecnológico, FONDEF/CONICYT 2016 [grant numbers ID16I10425 and ID16I20425], CIPA, ANID Regional, GORE BIO BIO [grant number: R17A10003], ANID [grant numbers: ACE210016 and ACE210012] and CONICYT PIA/APOYO CCTE [grant number: AFB170007

Herramientas de corte manual para el sector del cuero

Manual en el que se presentan técnicas elementales para reconocer los materiales con los que se elaboran los instrumentos de corte, se describen tipos de herramientas de corte y herramientas y pasos para la elaboración de una cuchilla manual.Manual in which elementary techniques are presented to recognize the materials with which the cutting instruments are made, describe types of cutting tools and tools and steps for the development of a manual blade.Material de la cuchilla -- Tipos de fabricación -- Partes de la cuchilla -- Asentadores de filo -- Bases de corte -- Tipos de herramientas de corte -- Elaboración artesanal de una cuchilla para corte manual -- Pasos para elaborar la cuchilla de corte manual (story board) – Glosario -- Bibliografíana73 página

Relato de caso: Cirurgia oncológica com técnica reconstrutiva em um canino da raça Basset Hound

A neoplasm is an abnormal formation of a new tissue of a tumor nature, it should be noted that when we mention Oncology it refers to cancer and this can be benign or malignant, the most frequent are breast carcinomas, carcinomas located in different parts of the skin, lymphomas and mast cell tumors, among others. In this last point, mast cell tumors are tumors that are frequently found in the skin as the site of origin and are frequently bulging masses of different sizes that do not exceed 3 or 4 cm. They usually present with erythema, hypotrichosis, or alopecia. . This report presents a case of a 5-year-old Basset Hound dog weighing 28 kilograms admitted to the veterinary clinical center of the Universidad de los Llanos, with a mass located in the dorsal region of the proximal third of the tail. , of semi-hard consistency, with subcutaneous fluid, rounded in shape and 2 cm in diameter with hypotrichosis, for which a wide surgical edge was operated with a reconstructive technique. After surgery, the patient spent a short time in the veterinary clinical center. with a satisfactory recovery.Una neoplasia es una formación anormal de un tejido nuevo de índole tumoral, cabe resaltar que cuando mencionamos Oncología se refiere a cáncer y este puede ser benigno o maligno, los más frecuentes son los carcinomas mamarios, carcinomas localizados en diferentes puntos de la piel, linfomas y los mastocitomas entre otros, en este último punto los mastocitomas son tumores que con frecuencia se encuentran en la piel como sitio de origen y frecuentemente son masas abultadas de diferente tamaño que no sobrepasan de 3 o 4cm, suelen presentarse con eritema, hipotricosis o alopecia. En el presente reporte se presenta un caso de un canino de raza Basset Hound de 5 años aproximadamente con un peso de 28 kilogramos ingreso al centro clínico veterinario de la Universidad de los Llanos, con una masa ubicada en la región dorsal tercio proximal de la cola, de consistencia semidura, con liquido subcutáneo, forma redondeada y 2 cm de diámetro con hipotricosis, por lo cual se intervino quirúrgicamente a un amplio borde operatorio con una técnica reconstructiva, posteriormente a la cirugía la paciente dura poco tiempo en el centro clínico veterinario, con una recuperación satisfactoria.Uma neoplasia é uma formação anormal de um novo tecido de natureza tumoral, deve-se notar que quando mencionamos Oncologia se refere ao câncer e este pode ser benigno ou maligno, os mais frequentes são os carcinomas de mama, carcinomas localizados em diferentes partes do pele, linfomas e mastocitomas, entre outros.Neste último ponto, os mastocitomas são tumores que freqüentemente se encontram na pele como local de origem e são frequentemente massas abauladas de tamanhos variados que não ultrapassam 3 ou 4 cm. Geralmente se apresentam com eritema, hipotricose ou alopecia. Este relato apresenta o caso de um cão Basset Hound de 5 anos, pesando 28 quilos, admitido no centro clínico veterinário da Universidad de los Llanos, com uma massa localizada na região dorsal do terço proximal da cauda. -consistência dura, com líquido subcutâneo, forma arredondada e 2 cm de diâmetro com hipotricose, para o qual foi operado um amplo rebordo cirúrgico com técnica reconstrutiva. Após a cirurgia, o paciente permaneceu pouco tempo no centro clínico veterinário. com um satisfatório recuperação

Contexto do nascimento em quarenta anos em uma área rural do sul da Espanha

En este estudio nos planteamos como objetivos conocer el contexto del nacimiento en un pueblo rural de España en un período de posguerra, 1945-1950; determinar cómo influyeron los roles de género en la vivencia de estos acontecimientos; identificar qué valores y creencias influyeron en el proceso del nacimiento de sus hijos y descubrir qué actitudes promovieron cambios. Desde el enfoque cualitativo hemos escogido el método etnográfico. La información se obtuvo a través de historias de vida y entrevistas semiestructuradas durante 2009. El estudio se llevó a cabo en un pueblo rural del sureste de España (Abarán-Murcia). Se realizaron 11 historias de vida a mujeres que fueron madres entre 1945 y 1950 y 5 entrevistas semiestructuradas para la triangulación y ampliación de la información. Tras la trascripción y fragmentación de las entrevistas y mediante análisis temático del contenido surgieron tres categorías: trabajo/economía doméstica, matrimonio/familia y nacimiento. Los roles de género se han impuesto en la vida de los hombres y las mujeres. El modelo social relaciona a la mujer con las actividades dentro del hogar, sin embargo, la mujer trabajaba duro fuera de casa en labores agrícolas. Las creencias transmitidas provocaban que las mujeres no conocieran su propio cuerpo incluso en el momento del parto, la matrona es el personal de referencia para este acontecimiento.In this study we set objectives to define the birth context of a rural town in Spain in the post-war period 1945-1950; to define what influence gender roles had on experience of these events; to identify what values and beliefs had influence on the childbirth process and to investigate which attitudes promoted change. Taking a qualitative approach, we chose an ethnographic method. The information was obtained through life story reports and semistructured interviews during 2009. The study was carried out in a rural town in southern Spain: Abarán, in the Region of Murcia. Eleven life stories were collected from women who became mothers between 1945 and 1950 and five semi-structured interviews were also carried out to enable triangulation and information expansion. After transcription of the interviews, the information was fragmented and, after thematic analysis of the content, three categories were defined: household work/economy, marriage/family and childbirth. Despite the way that gender roles defined the lives of men and women. Even though the social model of the time links women to activities at home, these women also worked hard at agricultural labour outside the home. The prevailing beliefs meant that many of the women were ignorant of their own bodies, even up until the moment of giving birth. Midwives were the reference professionals for this event.Este estudo tem como objectivos conhecer o contexto do nascimento numa vila rural de Espanha no período de pós-guerra, 1945-1950; determinar como o papel de género influiu na vivência desses eventos; identificar quais valores e crenças influíram no processo do nascimento dos filhos e descobrir quais actitudes promoveram as mudanças. A partir da abordagem qualitativa foi escolhido o método etnográfico. As informações foram obtidas através das histórias de vida e entrevistas semi-estruturadas ao longo de 2009. O estudo desenvolveu-se numa vila rural no sudeste da Espanha (Abarán, Murcia). Foram realizadas onze histórias de vida a mulheres que foram mães entre 1945 e 1950, e cinco entrevistas semi-estruturadas para a triangulação e ampliação da informação. Após a transcrição e fragmentação das entrevistas e da análise temática do conteúdo, surgiram três categorias: trabalho/economia doméstica, casamento/ família e nascimento. O papel do género tem-se imposto na vida dos homens e das mulheres. O modelo social relaciona à mulher com as actividades dentro de casa, no entanto, a mulher trabalhava duramente fora de casa na agricultura. As crenças transmitidas fizeram com que as mulheres não conhecessem o seu próprio corpo, mesmo no momento do parto, sendo a parteira a pessoa de referência para este acontecimento

Assessment of preparedness and proficiency in basic and advanced life support among nursing professionals: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundCardiac diseases are among the leading causes of death worldwide, including sudden cardiac arrest in particular. Nursing professionals are often the first to encounter these scenarios in various settings. Adequate preparation and competent knowledge among nurses significantly impact survival rates positively.AimTo describe the state of knowledge about Basic and Advanced Life Support guidelines among Ecuadorian nursing professionals.MethodologyA nationwide, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted from February to April 2023 among Ecuadorian nursing professionals. Participants were invited through official social media groups such as WhatsApp and Facebook. The study utilized a self-administered online questionnaire to evaluate theoretical knowledge of Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS). Knowledge scores were assigned based on the number of correct answers on the tests. T-tests and one-way ANOVA were used to examine relationships between knowledge scores and demographic and academic training variables.ResultsA total of 217 nursing professionals participated in the study. The majority of the participants were female (77.4%) and held a university degree (79.9%). Among them, only 44.7% claimed to have obtained a BLS training certificate at least once, and 19.4% had ALS certification. The overall BLS knowledge score (4.8/10 ± 1.8 points) was higher than the ALS score (4.3/10 ± 1.8 points). Participants who had obtained BLS certification and those who used evidence-based summaries as a source of extracurricular training achieved higher BLS and ALS knowledge scores.ConclusionEcuadorian nursing professionals in this study exhibited a significant deficiency in theoretical knowledge of BLS and ALS. Formal training and preparation positively impact life support knowledge. Support and inclusion of Ecuadorian nurses in training and academic preparation programs beginning at the undergraduate level are essential for promoting life support knowledge and improving outcomes

Memorias de investigación: Feria de Semilleros y Jornadas de Investigación de UNIMINUTO, Seccional Antioquia - Chocó.

Esta publicación busca divulgar investigaciones y producción académica en diferentes disciplinas, realizadas por estudiantes y docentes de UNIMINUTO Seccional Antioquia – Chocó, así como dar a conocer a los semilleros de investigación que participaron en la VI Feria de Semilleros, con el fin de visibilizar el trabajo que realiza el Centro de Investigación para el Desarrollo de UNIMINUTO Bello —CIDUB—, con respecto a debates académicos y espacios de interlocución

Impact of the first wave of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on the outcome of neurosurgical patients: A nationwide study in Spain

Objective To assess the effect of the first wave of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on the outcome of neurosurgical patients in Spain. Settings The initial flood of COVID-19 patients overwhelmed an unprepared healthcare system. Different measures were taken to deal with this overburden. The effect of these measures on neurosurgical patients, as well as the effect of COVID-19 itself, has not been thoroughly studied. Participants This was a multicentre, nationwide, observational retrospective study of patients who underwent any neurosurgical operation from March to July 2020. Interventions An exploratory factorial analysis was performed to select the most relevant variables of the sample. Primary and secondary outcome measures Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify independent predictors of mortality and postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Results Sixteen hospitals registered 1677 operated patients. The overall mortality was 6.4%, and 2.9% (44 patients) suffered a perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Of those infections, 24 were diagnosed postoperatively. Age (OR 1.05), perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection (OR 4.7), community COVID-19 incidence (cases/10 5 people/week) (OR 1.006), postoperative neurological worsening (OR 5.9), postoperative need for airway support (OR 5.38), ASA grade =3 (OR 2.5) and preoperative GCS 3-8 (OR 2.82) were independently associated with mortality. For SARS-CoV-2 postoperative infection, screening swab test <72 hours preoperatively (OR 0.76), community COVID-19 incidence (cases/10 5 people/week) (OR 1.011), preoperative cognitive impairment (OR 2.784), postoperative sepsis (OR 3.807) and an absence of postoperative complications (OR 0.188) were independently associated. Conclusions Perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection in neurosurgical patients was associated with an increase in mortality by almost fivefold. Community COVID-19 incidence (cases/10 5 people/week) was a statistically independent predictor of mortality. Trial registration number CEIM 20/217

Plant diversity patterns in neotropical dry forests and their conservation implications

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from American Association for the Advancement of Science via the DOI in this record.Seasonally dry tropical forests are distributed across Latin America and the Caribbean and are highly threatened, with less than 10% of their original extent remaining in many countries. Using 835 inventories covering 4660 species of woody plants, we show marked floristic turnover among inventories and regions, which may be higher than in other neotropical biomes, such as savanna. Such high floristic turnover indicates that numerous conservation areas across many countries will be needed to protect the full diversity of tropical dry forests. Our results provide a scientific framework within which national decision-makers can contextualize the floristic significance of their dry forest at a regional and continental scale.This paper is the result of the Latin American and Caribbean Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest Floristic Network (DRYFLOR), which has been supported at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh by a Leverhulme Trust International Network Grant (IN-074). This work was also supported by the U.K. Natural Environment Research Council grant NE/I028122/1; Colciencias Ph.D. scholarship 529; Synthesys Programme GBTAF-2824; the NSF (NSF 1118340 and 1118369); the Instituto Humboldt (IAvH)–Red colombiana de investigación y monitoreo en bosque seco; the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI; Tropi-Dry, CRN2-021, funded by NSF GEO 0452325); Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR); and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). The data reported in this paper are available at www.dryflor.info. R.T.P. conceived the study. M.P., A.O.-F., K.B.-R., R.T.P., and J.W. designed the DRYFLOR database system. K.B.-R. and K.G.D. carried out most analyses. K.B.-R. R.T.P., and K.G.D. wrote the manuscript with substantial input from A.D.-S., R.L.-P., A.O.-F., D.P., C.Q., and R.R. All the authors contributed data, discussed further analyses, and commented on various versions of the manuscript. K.B.-R. thanks G. Galeano who introduced her to dry forest research. We thank J. L. Marcelo, I. Huamantupa, C. Reynel, S. Palacios, and A. Daza for help with fieldwork and data entry in Peru