1,442 research outputs found
Utilização racional de energia em equipamentos de força motriz
A utilização racional de energia (URE) visa proporcionar o
mesmo nível de produção de bens, serviços e de conforto
através de tecnologias que reduzem os consumos face a
soluções convencionais. A URE pode conduzir a reduções
substanciais do consumo de energia e das emissões de
poluentes associadas à sua conversão. Em muitas situações a
URE pode também conduzir a uma elevada economia nos
custos do ciclo de vida dos equipamentos utilizadores de
energia (custo inicial mais custo de funcionamento ao longo
da vida útil). Embora geralmente sejam mais dispendiosos,
em termos de custo inicial, os equipamentos mais eficientes
consomem menos energia, conduzindo a custos de
funcionamento mais reduzidos e apresentando outras
vantagens adicionais.
Os motores elétricos são de longe as cargas mais
importantes na indústria e no sector terciário. A figura 1
mostra a importância relativa da força motriz nesses
sectores. A iluminação aparece como a carga mais
importante no sector terciário, sendo na indústria a segunda
carga mais relevante. Os motores elétricos são utilizados
numa vasta gama de aplicações, principalmente na
movimentação de fluidos em bombas, compressores e
ventiladores
Biological control as part of the soybean Integrated Pest Management (IPM) : potential and challenges
Soybean production is usually performed on large scales, requiring simple but efficient pest management to be successful. Soybean fields are inhabited by several species of arthropods, demanding constant development of management practices to prevent pest outbreaks. More recently, stink bugs have become the most important pest group of soybeans in the Neotropics, responsible for up to 60% of the applied insecticides in Brazil. Natural enemies represent an important mortality factor that can keep the damage caused by stink bugs below the economic threshold levels without additional control actions. Thus, Conservation Biological Control (CBC) strategies can be adopted to preserve or even promote the increase in such natural enemies in the fields, or alternatively, massive releases of biocontrol agents in Augmentative Biological Control (ABC) programs could be adopted. Simple practices such as reducing insecticide use (with the adoption of economic thresholds), prioritizing harmless insecticides or biopesticides, and planting resistant soybean cultivars have been adopted in Brazil with positive results. The challenges to increasing the adoption of more complex stink bug management in commodity crops such as soybean may be overcome using the more recent economic incentives in the global agenda of decarbonized agriculture. The potential and challenges of conservation and augmentative biological control are further discussed in this review
«O que é, bebé?», ou o que a Mãe diz ao Recém-nascido no Contacto Precoce
Com o presente estudo, que se insere numa investigação
mais lata sobre padrões de comunicação precoce
mãe-criança, pretende-se descrever algumas das
características da linguagem verbal que as mães dirigem
aos seus filhos, durante o contacto-precoce e da
forma como o bebé real é, nesse momento, percepcionado
e investido pela mãe.
Para tal realizou-se o registo auditivo do contacto
precoce de 30 pares de mães-bebés. Posteriormente
analisou-se o discurso materno que foi classificado em
diversas categorias relacionadas com aspectos da estrutura
sintáctica e com análise de conteúdo.
Constatou-se que as mães recorrem pouco a expressao
verbal, no primeiro contacto com os seus filhos.
Quando o fazem utilizam uma linguagem que tem características
da «fala de bebé)) e é constituída, sobretudo,
por interjeições, exclamações, frases com duas a
três palavras e palavras isoladas. O discurso emitido
centra-se em torno da realidade vivida no momento.
O bebé que a mãe descreve é um ser pequenino e
frágil, que chora e tem fome, pouco individualizado e
pouco «humano», a quem atribui essencialmente, necessidades
fisiológicas.In the present study, part of a broader research on
mother-child early communication patterns, we
describe some of the verbal language characteristics of
mothers speaking to their children in early interactions,
and we discuss the way in wich the real baby
is, at that stage, perceived and elaborated by the mother.
The early contacts of 30 pairs mother-child were
recorded. The speech of these mothers was classified
in severa1 categories according to syntax structure and
also through content analysis. ment.
In these initial contacts, mothers don’t use much
verbal language. When they do, they use «baby talk»
expressions and emit mostly exclamations and
interjections, two or three-word sentences and isolated
words. The speech is centered in the reality of the mo-
The baby described by the mother is a small and
fragile being, who cries and feels hunger, not very
individualized and not very «human», and in whom
she recognizes, essentially, psysiological needs.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
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Rarity of monodominance in hyperdiverse Amazonian forests.
Tropical forests are known for their high diversity. Yet, forest patches do occur in the tropics where a single tree species is dominant. Such "monodominant" forests are known from all of the main tropical regions. For Amazonia, we sampled the occurrence of monodominance in a massive, basin-wide database of forest-inventory plots from the Amazon Tree Diversity Network (ATDN). Utilizing a simple defining metric of at least half of the trees ≥ 10 cm diameter belonging to one species, we found only a few occurrences of monodominance in Amazonia, and the phenomenon was not significantly linked to previously hypothesized life history traits such wood density, seed mass, ectomycorrhizal associations, or Rhizobium nodulation. In our analysis, coppicing (the formation of sprouts at the base of the tree or on roots) was the only trait significantly linked to monodominance. While at specific locales coppicing or ectomycorrhizal associations may confer a considerable advantage to a tree species and lead to its monodominance, very few species have these traits. Mining of the ATDN dataset suggests that monodominance is quite rare in Amazonia, and may be linked primarily to edaphic factors
Chemical Structure and Localization of Levan, the Predominant Fructan Type in Underground Systems of Gomphrena marginata (Amaranthaceae)
Gomphrena marginata Seub. (Amaranthaceae) is an endemic species from Brazilian campos rupestres with a fructan accumulating underground reserve system. Analyses of high performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC–PAD) revealed the presence of the soluble carbohydrates glucose, fructose, sucrose, 1-kestose, 6-kestose, nystose and fructans with degree of polymerization (DP) up to approximately 40 fructose units. Data of 1H and 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, including Heteronuclear Single-Quantum Correlation (HSQC) and Heteronuclear Multiple-Bonds Correlation (HMBC) showed the presence of β (2,6) linkages, characteristic of the linear molecule of levan-type fructan(2,6). These results confirmed previous studies suggesting that the reserve carbohydrate in the underground system of this species was levan-type fructans, similar to that of G. macrocephala. Structural analyses of the thickened underground system using light microscopy revealed a mixed origin system consisting mainly of a gemmiferous tuberous root with the upper region formed by short branched stems, both presenting vascular cylinders with unusual growth patterns. Fructan spherocrystals were visualized under polarized light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) mostly in the cortex and vascular cylinder in both thickened stem and root. In addition to data reported in the literature concerning the occurrence of fructans in the Amaranthaceae, the results presented here suggest that fructans are a trait in this family while the levan-type fructan prevail in Gomphrena species
Framing REDD+ in the Brazilian national media: how discourses evolved amid global negotiation uncertainties
Reducing emissions from deforestation and degradation (REDD+) in tropical countries is an important and contested element of the post-Kyoto climate regime. For policy options which generate controversy between diverse actor groups, such as REDD+, mass media plays an important role in defining and supporting policy possibilities. Analysis of the way in which national media frames issues of climate change and deforestation can offer insights into the nature of the contested domains of the REDD+ policy process. Here, we examine the Brazilian national media discourses surrounding REDD+ because it contributes to setting the tone of policy debates at the federal level. Specifically, we ask the following: (i) How was REDD+ portrayed in the Brazilian national print media and whose opinions and perceptions were represented? and (ii) How have media frames on REDD+ in the national print media changed over time? Our results contribute with new knowledge for understanding the observed progress of REDD+ in Brazil. We identify two main themes that dominate the focus in the national media coverage of REDD+, specifically “politics and policymaking” (representing half the coverage) and “economics and market” (with over a third). Results show that discussions around carbon markets were amongst the most contested and that optimism in relation to REDD+ effectiveness declined over time. The analysis suggests that positions adopted on the national REDD+ strategy were shaped by state and federal collision of interests. We demonstrate an evolution of national concerns from an initial focus on efficiency (e.g. finance and carbon markets) to a recentred focus on equity issues (e.g. implementation of safeguards). We conclude with some thoughts on the implications of these features for REDD+ interventions and implementation in Brazil
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