Cybersex in Portuguese chatrooms: a study of sexual behaviors related to online sex

The present article is about a particular form of sexual activity on the Internet: cybersex in chatrooms-in Portuguese by Portuguese people. This study aims to identify the reasons for engaging in cybersex on chats and the behavioral domains that characterize this activity. To carry out the study, we developed a self-report questionnaire that we made available on a website. The sample was collected online (n = 400) through the Portuguese Internet Relay Chat. Factor analyses revealed seven domain structures: (a) social skills, (b) preference for cybersex, (c) filter for a later date, (d) sex by phone, (e) fantasies, (f) using masks, and (g) impact on real relationships. We found a huge variety of sexual attitudes and behaviors connected to cybersex in chatrooms and the existence of two major trends: (a) people that use these chats as a starting place for offline relationships (online anonymity prevents the fear of rejection and social sanctions in real life), and (b) people who want and prefer online sex without any interest in further real contacts

From food waste to volatile fatty acids towards a circular economy

The food industrial sector generates large amounts of waste, which are often used for animal feed, for agriculture or landfilled. However, these wastes have a very reach composition in carbon and other compounds, which make them very attractive for valorization through biotechnological processes. Added value compounds, such as volatile fatty acids (VFAs), can be produced by anaerobic fermentation using pure cultures or mixed microbial cultures and food waste as carbon source. Research on valuable applications for VFAs, such as polyhydroxyalkanoates, bioenergy or biological nutrient removal, towards a circular economy is emerging. This enhances the sustainability and the economic value of food waste. This chapter reviews the various types of food waste used for VFAs production using mixed microbial cultures, the anaerobic processes, involved and the main applications for the produced VFAs. The main parameters affecting VFAs production are also discussed.publishersversionpublishe

Effects of Clustering Herds with Small-Sized Contemporary Groups in Dairy Cattle Genetic Evaluations

Most test-day models used in genetic evaluations of dairy cattle define contemporary groups (CG) as the herd-test-date effect. Fitting this effect as fixed may minimize prediction bias, but requires a minimum number of observations per CG to simultaneously maximize the effective number of observations and minimize the residual error and prediction error variance. Nearly 4 million test-day records from the Portuguese Holstein database of 238,271 cows calving in 1,330 herds from 1994 through 2006 were used to evaluate the effect of clustering CG from small herds based on the similarity of their production environments. Principal component analysis was used to summarize 14 descriptive variables in 5 eigenvectors that explained 88% of the total variation. Based on the distance matrix, 2 different approaches were applied to group the herds. For each approach, 4 data sets were built having at least 3, 5, 10, or 15 observations per CG, respectively. For the data sets of group A, all herds, with or without the required number of observations per CG, were used in the clustering process. For the data sets of group B, only herds without the minimum number of observations were candidates to form clusters. All data sets were analyzed by an autoregressive test-day animal model fitting a fixed herd test date in a multiple-lactation setting, and results were compared with the current clustering procedure used in the Portuguese genetic evaluations. The data set from group B, with a minimum of 3 records per CG, was the one that provided the highest accuracy of prediction and the smaller within-CG variance, revealing a better fit for the data. This procedure also preserved the original herd structure of the database, better maximizing the number of herd groups. Correlations among EBV, rank, prediction error variance, and accuracies of prediction for this data set were high (0.97, 0.97, 0.85, and 0.82, respectively), suggesting that no major reranking is to be expected

Contribuição para o estudo de solos florestais submetidos a pastoreio: caso da Quercus pyrenaica Willd.

Resumo. No Nordeste de Portugal, os bosques de Quercus pyrenaica têm sido utilizados ao longo da sua história por rebanhos de ovinos e caprinos. Neste trabalho comparam-se as características edáficas de quatro bosques pastoreados de Quercus pyrenaica Willd, distribuídos ao longo de um transepto topo-pluviométrico e sob diferentes substratos (xistos, granitos e rochas básicas). Foram avaliados os teores em carbono orgânico, azoto total, pHH2O, fósforo e potássio assimilável, assim como o teor em argila, em 11 amostras de solo colhidas a três profundidades (0-5 cm; 5-15 cm e 15-25 cm) para cada um dos quatro carvalhais em estudo. As diferenças encontradas entre os quatro carvalhais são discutidas tendo em conta a variação climática associada à altitude, tipo de rocha mãe, bem como o tipo de uso a que foram submetidos ao longo da sua história. A elevada plasticidade ecológica desta espécie e a sua convivência secular com o pastoreio traduzem-se na diversidade de funcionamento destes ecossistemas

Relationship between PD-L1 expression and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in canine mammary tumor

Background: Studies pointed out that the tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have considerable importance in canine mammary tumor (CMT). On the other hand, cancer cells sometimes find ways to use immune checkpoint proteins as a shield to avoid being identified and attacked by the immune system as programmed death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1). In this study, it was investigated the relationship between PD-L1 expression, stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in canine mammary tumor (CMT), and the association with clinical and pathological characteristics of the tumors. Materials, Methods & Results: PD-L1 expression and TILs were assessed in 23 female dogs with CMT. The tumors were grouped into simple carcinoma (CA, n = 8) and complex carcinoma (CC, n = 15). Stromal TILs were assessed using two thresholds as TILs-Low representing < 50% of infiltrate within stromal area and TILs-High representing = 50% of stromal area. Clinicopathological data of CMT was characterized according to key parameters, as well as survival rates. TILs evaluation within tumor stroma revealed that 65.2% (n = 15) of tumors had TILs-Low. PD-L1 expression and stromal TILs were significantly associated (P = 0.009). PD-L1 expression was observed in 39% (n = 9) of all tumors of which 17.4% (n = 4) were from CA group and 21.7% (n = 5) were from CC group. PD-L1 expression within TILs was observed in 39% (n = 9) of the tumors. PD-L1 in malignant epithelium was present in all lymph node metastasis (n = 5). PD-L1 was associated with involvement of regional lymph nodes (P = 0.034). Survival curves demonstrated TILs-Low had higher (P = 0.010) overall survival (OS) compared with TILs-High, and PD-L1+ and PD-L1– (P = 0.06) did not differed. The clinicopathological variables significantly correlated with OS by univariate analysis were the histological grade (P = 0.009), lymph node involvement (P = 0.004), stromal TILs (P = 0.016), and PD-L1+/TILs-High vs. PD-L1–/TILs-Low (P = 0.010). Multivariate analysis revealed that group of tumors with grade II-III was independent and negative prognostic factors for OS. Discussion: In this study, PD-L1 was differently expressed according to the histologic subtypes of TMC. Currently, has been showed the presence of PD-L1 in several canine cancer. Nevertheless, only a few studies have described PD-L1 protein expression in dog tumors and showed PD-L1 was constitutively expressed on canine tumor cell lines, although the levels of basal expression were very variable. This expression can be modulated by IFN-¿ exposure. In the present study, it was found a strong PD-L1 expression on TILs. The increase in PD-L1 cell surface expression by tumor cells can lead to decreased T-cell proliferation and increased apoptosis. In human breast cancer (BC) the PD-L1 expression was expressed in TILs and tumor epithelium. It has been reported the association of stromal TILs and PD-L1 expression with aggressive types and stages of BC. In this study, it was detected PD-L1 expression in malignant epithelium in all lymph node metastasis. PD-L1 overexpression was significantly associated with a series of clinicopathological parameters. It was demonstrated that PD-L1+/TILs-High had higher risk of overall survival (OS) than another group of interaction. High PDL1 expression may be a prognostic indicator for reduced OS, while tumor PD-L1+ was associated with poorer disease-free survival. The presence of TILs has shown to be potentially predictive and a prognostic factor in BC subtypes. In CMT, it has been reported that a high proportion of TILs was correlated to several malignancy characteristics. In relation to PDL1, further research is necessary to clarify this immune checkpoint as a potential therapeutic target and its application in clinical practice in CMT

From Food Waste to Volatile Fatty Acids towards a Circular Economy

The food industrial sector generates large amounts of waste, which are often used for animal feed, for agriculture or landfilled. However, these wastes have a very reach composition in carbon and other compounds, which make them very attractive for valorization through biotechnological processes. Added value compounds, such as volatile fatty acids (VFAs), can be produced by anaerobic fermentation using pure cultures or mixed microbial cultures and food waste as carbon source. Research on valuable applications for VFAs, such as polyhydroxyalkanoates, bioenergy or biological nutrient removal, towards a circular economy is emerging. This enhances the sustainability and the economic value of food waste. This chapter reviews the various types of food waste used for VFAs production using mixed microbial cultures, the anaerobic processes, involved and the main applications for the produced VFAs. The main parameters affecting VFAs production are also discussed

Refractory Coats’ Disease of Adult Onset

Purpose: We present the case of an 18-year-old Caucasian male with a unilateral macular star and retinal vascular anomalies compatible with adult onset Coats’ disease. Methods: Diagnosis was based on fundoscopic, fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography findings. Results: The patient presented to our emergency department with complaints of low vision in his left eye (LE) detected 10 days before. The best-corrected visual acuity in the LE was 20/50. Fundoscopy of the LE evidenced a complete macular star. Optical coherence tomography showed increased retinal thickness, infiltration of the retinal wall, and detachment of the neuroepithelium. Angiography revealed no appreciable diffusion in the macula. Above the superior temporal (ST) arcade, anomalies in the retinal vasculature were found, with interruption of the peripheral vessels and vessels which were ‘sausage’-like. After 1 month, the LE vision evolved to hand movements. Laser photocoagulation was performed in the ST quadrant. Intravitreal injection of bevacizumab 1.25 mg/0.05 ml and photodynamic therapy were performed without any significant changes, progression of ST serous detachment of the neuroepithelium, and finally progression to macular fibrosis. Discussion: Coats’ disease is usually diagnosed in childhood, but rare cases may occur in adults. Those cases usually have a more indolent course which was not observed in our patient. When there is macular involvement, prognosis is more guarded, despite treatment

Intravitreal ranibizumab for myopic choroidal neovascularization: 12-month results

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of intravitreal ranibizumab after 12 months in the treatment of choroidal neovascularization secondary to pathologic myopia. METHODS: This was a prospective, multicenter, consecutive, nonrandomized, interventional case series. The study included 34 eyes of 32 patients with choroidal neovascularization secondary to pathologic myopia; 13 eyes had previous photodynamic therapy, and 21 eyes had no previous treatment. The patients were followed for > or = 12 months. Best-corrected visual acuity, optical coherence tomography, and the presence of metamorphopsia were assessed monthly. RESULTS: Mean visual acuity improved 8 letters from baseline to 12-month follow-up, and the difference was statistically significant (P or = 3 lines, 44% improved > or = 2 lines, 65% improved > or = 1 line, and 79% improved > or = 0 lines. Central retinal thickness decreased significantly from baseline to the 12-month follow-up (P < 0.01). A mean of 3.6 treatments were performed during the 12-month follow-up, and no systemic or ocular side effects were registered during that time. CONCLUSION: One-year results of intravitreal ranibizumab for myopic choroidal neovascularization are very promising. Additional prospective studies are necessary to better determine long-term efficacy and safety

Epidemiological And Molecular Mechanisms Aspects Linking Obesity And Cancer [mecanismos Epidemiológicos E Moleculares Que Associam Obesidade E Câncer]

About 25% of cancer cases globally are due to excess weight and a sedentary lifestyle. These results are alarming, as the world knows a pandemy of obesity and, in consequence, insulin resistance. Obesity may increase risk for various cancers by several mechanisms, including increasing sex and metabolic hormones, and inflammation. Here, we present a review of epidemiological and molecular evidences linking obesity and cancer - particularly colorectal, post-menopausal breast, endometrial, pancreatic, high grade prostate, hepatocellular, gallbladder, kidney and esophageal adenocarcinoma. The expected striking increase in the incidence of cancer in the near future related to obesity turns the knowledge of this field of great impact as it is needed to the development of strategies to prevent and treat this disease.532213226Filozof, C., Gonzalez, C., Sereday, M., Mazza, C., Braguinsky, J., Obesity prevalence and trends in Latin-American countries (2001) Obes Rev, 2 (2), pp. 99-106Carvalheira, J.B., Saad, M.J., (2006) Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol, 50 (2), pp. 360-367. , Insulin resistance/hyperinsulinemia associated diseases not included in the metabolic syndrome, Epub 2006 May 23, Review, Portugueseden, C.L., Carroll, M.D., Curtin, L.R., McDowell, M.A., Tabak, C.J., Flegal, K.M., Prevalence of overweight and obesity in the United States, 1999-2004 (2006) JAMA, 295 (13), pp. 1549-1555(2002) Weight Control and Physical Activity, , IARC - International Agency for Research on Cancer Working Group on the Evaluation of Cancer-Preventive Strategies, Lyon, France: IARC Press(2007) Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity, and the Prevention of Cancer: A Global Perspective, , WCRF - World Cancer Reserach Fund, Washington: American Institute for Cancer ResearchReeves, G.K., Pirie, K., Beral, V., Green, J., Spencer, E., Bull, D., Cancer incidence and mortality in relation to body mass index in the Million Women Study: Cohort study (2007) BMJ, 335 (7634), p. 1134. , Epub 2007 Nov 6Renehan, A.G., Tyson, M., Egger, M., Heller, R.F., Zwahlen, M., Body mass index and incidence of cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective observational studies (2008) Lancet, 371 (9612), pp. 569-578. , ReviewRenehan, A.G., Roberts, D.L., Dive, C., Obesity and cancer: Pathophysiological and biological mechanisms (2008) Arch Physiol Biochem, 114 (1), pp. 71-83. , ReviewCalle, E.E., Rodriguez, C., Walker-Thurmond, K., Thun, M.J., Overweight, obesity, and mortality from cancer in a prospectively studied cohort of U.S. adults (2003) N Engl J Med, 348 (17), pp. 1625-1638Yakar, S., Nunez, N.P., Pennisi, P., Brodt, P., Sun, H., Fallavollita, L., Increased tumor growth in mice with diet-induced obesity: Impact of ovarian hormones (2006) Endocrinology, 147 (12), pp. 5826-5834. , Epub 2006 Sep 7Dirx, M.J., Zeegers, M.P., Dagnelie, P.C., van den Bogaard, T., van den Brandt, P.A., Energy restriction and the risk of spontaneous mammary tumors in mice: A meta-analysis (2003) Int J Cancer, 106 (5), pp. 766-770Chow, W.H., Gridley, G., Fraumeni Jr., J.F., Järvholm, B., Obesity, hypertension, and the risk of kidney cancer in men (2000) N Engl J Med, 343 (18), pp. 1305-1311Larsson, S.C., Orsini, N., Wolk, A., Body mass index and pancreatic cancer risk: A meta-analysis of prospective studies (2007) Int J Cancer, 120 (9), pp. 1993-1998Pischon, T., Lahmann, P.H., Boeing, H., Friedenreich, C., Norat, T., Tjønneland, A., Body size and risk of colon and rectal cancer in the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) (2006) J Natl Cancer Inst, 98 (13), pp. 920-931Jenab, M., Riboli, E., Cleveland, R.J., Norat, T., Rinaldi, S., Nieters, A., Serum C-peptide, IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-2 and risk of colon and rectal cancers in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (2007) Int J Cancer, 121 (2), pp. 368-376Sandhu, M.S., Dunger, D.B., Giovannucci, E.L., Insulin, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), IGF binding proteins, their biologic interactions, and colorectal cancer (2002) J Natl Cancer Inst, 94 (136), pp. 972-980Renehan, A.G., Zwahlen, M., Minder, C., O'Dwyer, S.T., Shalet, S.M., Egger, M., Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF binding protein-3, and cancer risk: Systematic review and meta-regression analysis (2004) Lancet, 363 (9418), pp. 1346-1353Ma, J., Pollak, M.N., Giovannucci, E., Chan, J.M., Tao, Y., Hennekens, C.H., Prospective study of colorectal cancer risk in men and plasma levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and IGF-binding protein-3 (1999) J Natl Cancer Inst, 91 (7), pp. 620-625Wolpin, B.M., Meyerhardt, J.A., Chan, A.T., Ng, K., Chan, J.A., Wu, K., Insulin, the insulin-like growth factor axis, and mortality in patients with nonmetastatic colorectal cancer (2009) J Clin Oncol, 27 (2), pp. 176-185. , Epub 2008 Dec 8Aaronson, S.A., Growth factors and cancer (1991) Science, 254 (5035), pp. 1146-1153. , ReviewKaaks, R., Lukanova, A., Energy balance and cancer: The role of insulin and insulin-like growth factor-I (2001) Proc Nutr Soc, 60 (1), pp. 91-106. , ReviewStattin, P., Lukanova, A., Biessy, C., Söderberg, S., Palmqvist, R., Kaaks, R., Obesity and colon cancer: Does leptin provide a link? 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relation between body mass and endogenous estrogen concentrations with menopausal status (1996) J Natl Cancer Inst, 88 (11), pp. 756-758Chan, J.M., Stampfer, M.J., Giovannucci, E., Gann, P.H., Ma, J., Wilkinson, P., Plasma insulin-like growth factor-I and prostate cancer risk: A prospective study (1998) Science, 279 (5350), pp. 563-566Larsson, S.C., Wolk, A., Obesity and the risk of gallbladder cancer: A meta-analysis (2007) Br J Cancer, 96 (9), pp. 1457-1461Caldwell, S.H., Crespo, D.M., Kang, H.S., Al-Osaimi, A.M., Obesity and hepatocellular carcinoma (2004) Gastroenterology, 127 (5 SUPPL. 1), pp. S97-S103. , ReviewPan, S.Y., Johnson, K.C., Ugnat, A.M., Wen, S.W., Mao, Y., Association of obesity and cancer risk in Canada (2004) Am J Epidemiol, 159 (3), pp. 259-268Lahmann, P.H., Hoffmann, K., Allen, N., van Gils, C.H., Khaw, K.T., Tehard, B., Body size and breast cancer risk: Findings from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) (2004) Int J Cancer, 111 (5), pp. 762-771Olsen, C.M., Green, A.C., Whiteman, D.C., Sadeghi, S., Obesity and the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2007) Eur J Cancer, 43 (4), pp. 690-709. , Epub 2007 Jan 12Olsen, C.M., Nagle, C.M., Whiteman, D.C., Purdie, D.M., Green, A.C., Webb, P.M., Body size and risk of epithelial ovarian and related cancers: A population-based case-control study (2008) Int J Cancer, 123 (2), pp. 450-456Engeland, A., Tretli, S., Hansen, S., Bjørge, T., Height and body mass index and risk of lymphohematopoietic malignancies in two million Norwegian men and women (2007) Am J Epidemiol, 165 (1), pp. 44-52. , Epub 2006 Oct 13Larsson, S.C., Wolk, A., Body mass index and risk of multiple myeloma: A meta-analysis (2007) Int J Cancer, 121 (11), pp. 2512-2516Druker, B.J., Imatinib as a paradigm of targeted therapies (2004) Adv Cancer Res, 91, pp. 1-30McKeown-Eyssen, G., Epidemiology of colorectal cancer revisited: Are serum triglycerides and/or plasma glucose 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Influence of duration of treatment with medroxyprogesterone acetate sponge on reproductive parameters of Santa Inês ewes subjected to estrus synchronization.

Proceedings of the 28th Annual Meeting of the Brazilian Embryo Technology Society (SBTE), August, 2014, Natal, RN, Brazil. Abstracts