CAM controlled retractable door latch

A latching mechanism in which there is linear movement and rotational movement is described. The umbilical doors of the space shuttle orbiter are required to be open during vehicle launch. After the external tank is released, the doors are closed. Presently, the device for maintaining the doors in an open position is mounted on the external tank and therefore has a single mission life. The latching mechanism of the invention is mounted in the orbiter and therefore is returned and has multimission capability. The latching mechanism is comprised of a pair of concentric nested, cylindrical cams and motors to actuate the cams, and latch pin all contained within a cover mounted on a support bracket carried by the substructure. A shaft having a latch pin is mounted inside the inner cylindrical cam

Rethinking Canadian Legal Approaches to Frozen Embryo Disputes

This article examines and critiques Canadian legal responses to disputes over frozen in vitro embryos. It argues that current laws that provide spouses or partners with joint control over the use and disposition of embryos created from their genetic materials and that mandate the creation of agreements setting out these parties\u27 intentions in the event of a disagreement or divorce overlook the experiences of women who undergo in vitro fertilization treatment. It also maintains that these laws do not accord with how Canadian law and public policy has responded to similar conflicts between spouses, or to agreements that seek to control or restrict women\u27s reproductive choices. This article considers how legislatures and courts in other jurisdictions have sought to respond to embryo disposition disputes, but argues that their respective approaches raise similar issues and would pose additional problems within the Canadian context. It ultimately provides recommendations for how Canadian laws might better support the express objectives of the Assisted Human Reproduction Act and Quebec\u27s Act Respecting Clinical and Research Activities Relating to Assisted Procreation to protect the health and well-being of women, to promote the principle of free and informed consent and to recognize that women are more directly affected than men by the use of assisted reproductive technologies

DNA, Donor Offspring and Derivative Citizenship: Redefining Parentage Under the Citizenship Act

Under Canada\u27s Citizenship Act, children born outside Canada acquire derivative citizenship-that is, citizenship through descent or parentage-if at least one of their parents is Canadian. However according to Citizenship and Immigration Canada, in order to qualify for derivative citizenship a child must have a genetic link to a Canadian citizen. Canadians who use donated sperm or eggs to conceive-including women who give birth using donated eggs-are therefore not considered parents for citizenship purposes. According to the Federal Court of Appeal, Canadian donors may also pass on their citizenship to their genetic offspring. This article argues that current interpretations of the Citizenship Act disadvantage donor offspring and their families, and run counter to the Act\u27s objectives, Parliament\u27s intentions and developments in Canadian family law. It maintains that the Canadian government has provided inadequate justifications for excluding Canadians\u27 non-biological children from obtaining citizenship by descent, particularly in light ofreforms permitting international adoptees to acquire citizenship from their Canadian adoptive parents. It recommends that citizenship officers be required to grant citizenship to donor offspring where Canadians are recognized as their parents for family law purposes, and can prove that their children were conceived using donated genetic material

When Old Becomes New: Reconciling the Commands of the Wilderness Act and the National Historic Preservation Act

The Wilderness Act created a national framework for the protection of wilderness areas. Although the statute defines wilderness as an area “untrammeled by man, where man himself is a visitor who does not remain,” it leaves room for the “public purposes of recreational, scenic, scientific, educational, conservation, and historical use.” As such, the Wilderness Act clarifies that its purposes are “within and supplemental” to other land-use statutes, including statutes like the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA), which created a national scheme for preserving historic places and structures. When considering the Wilderness Act relative to the NHPA, agencies and courts have interpreted agency obligations under each act differently. Though the historical context, text, and purpose of each statute indicate that historic preservation efforts should be permitted within wilderness areas, courts have read the two acts as mutually exclusive and held that the Wilderness Act takes precedence over the NHPA. The two statutes can be harmonized. To clarify the law in this area, however, Congress should amend the Wilderness Act to provide an express exception for preservation efforts in compliance with the NHPA

L’environnement social des hommes ayant des relations sexuelles avec d’autres hommes. Résultats de l’enquête québécoise.

La présente étude visait à mieux connaître les liens que les hommes ayant des relations sexuelles avec d'autres hommes entretiennent avec leur environnement social. Les données ont été recueillies auprès d'un échantillon de 564 hommes à l'aide de trois stratégies : bars gais ; " boule de neige " et journaux gais. Alors que 22 % des répondants déclarent que leurs droits ont déjà été lésés parce qu'ils ont été identifiés comme homosexuels, 11 % affirment qu'ils ont déjà fait face à des réactions négatives sans pour autant avoir été lésés. De plus, la participation à des activités d'organismes augmente en fonction du niveau de scolarité. La presse écrite, la télévision et la radio sont très utilisées pour se tenir informé sur le sida. Il s'agit donc de moyens importants à l'aide desquels son peut rejoindre tous les hommes ayant des relations sexuelles avec d'autres hommes, particulièrement ceux qui ne s'identifient pas à la communauté gaie.The purpose of this study was to obtain better knowledge of the social environment of men who have sex with men. Data were collected from a sample of 564 men living in two large urban areas (Montréal and Québec City), as well as in other regions of Québec. These men were recruited by three strategies : gay bars ; “ snow ball ” and gay newspapers. Results show that participation in community organization activities increase with level of education. Overall, 22 % of men say they have been disadvantaged because of their sexual orientation and 11 % say they have received negative reactions without having their rights encroached upon. Newspapers, T.V. and radio are frequent sources of information about AIDS. These are important ways to reach men who have sex with men, specially those who do not identify with the gay community

The Role of Mindfulness Colouring and Dispositional Mindfulness on University Students’ Test Anxiety and State Mindfulness

Test anxiety is a concern among university students. Mindfulness-based colouring activities (mandalas) have been found to be effective for reducing university students’ generalized anxiety and for decreasing test anxiety in youth; however, studies have not used this method to address test anxiety with university students. Given that university students may struggle with higher test anxiety than youth, it is critical to examine the effectiveness of mindfulness colouring for test anxiety in a university setting. This study compared the effectiveness of mindfulness colouring, free draw/colouring, and a non-colouring control activity for university students’ test anxiety. In addition, this study assessed the relationship of dispositional mindfulness and response to intervention on mindfulness and test anxiety states. Participants were 167 university students (81.4% female; Mage=21.29 years, SD=4.46) randomly assigned to a mandala (n=57), free draw/colouring (n=58), or non-colouring condition (n=52). Participants completed standardized measures assessing test anxiety and state mindfulness pre-post-activity before completing a test, and two dispositional mindfulness measures. Results from two repeated measures ANOVAs revealed significant decreases in test anxiety and significant increases in state mindfulness pre-post-intervention for both colouring conditions; however, significant increases in test anxiety were found for the control condition. Furthermore, mediation analyses showed that the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and post-intervention state mindfulness and test anxiety were fully mediated by participants’ pre-intervention state mindfulness and test anxiety. Findings from this research provide practical implications for universities, students, and teachers, as well as future directions for research on mindfulness-based art to support students’ well-being

Completeness and accuracy of anthropometric measurements in electronic medical records for children attending primary care

Background: Electronic medical records (EMRs) from primary care may be a feasible source of height and weight data. However the use of EMRs in research has been impeded by lack of standardization of EMRs systems, data access and concerns about the quality of the data.Objectives: The study objectives were to determine the data completeness and accuracy of child heights and weights collected in primary care EMRs, and to identify factors associated with these data quality attributes.Methods: A cross-sectional study examining height and weight data for children <19 years from EMRs through the Electronic Medical Records Administrative data Linked Database (EMRALD), a network of family practices across the province of Ontario. Body mass index z-scores were calculated using the WHO Growth Standards and Reference.Results: A total of 54,964 children were identified from EMRALD. Overall, 93% had at least 1 complete set of growth measurements to calculate a BMI z-score. 66.2% of all primary care visits had complete BMI z-score data. After stratifying by visit type 89.9% of well-child visits and 33.9% of sick visits had complete BMI z-score data; incomplete BMI z-score was mainly due to missing height measurements. Only 2.7% of BMI z-score data were excluded due to implausible values.Conclusions: Data completeness at well-child visits and overall data accuracy were greater than 90%. EMRs may be a valid source of data to provide estimates of obesity in children who attend primary care

Parental use of routines, setting limits, and child screen use during COVID-19: findings from a large Canadian cohort study

BackgroundAn increase in child screen time has been observed throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Home environment and parenting practices have been associated with child screen time. The purpose of this study was to examine associations between parental use of routines, limit setting, and child screen time during the (COVID-19) pandemic to inform harm-reducing strategies to limit the potential harms ensued by excessive screen use.MethodsA cohort study was conducted in 700 healthy children (3,628 observations) aged 0–11 years though the TARGet Kids! COVID-19 Study of Children and Families in Toronto, Canada from May 2020-May 2021. The independent variables assessed were parent-reported use of routines and setting limits. Outcomes were parent-reported child daily screen time in minutes and whether the Canadian 24-Hour screen time guideline was met, defined as 0 for &lt;1 years, 60 or less for 1–5 years, and 120 or less for &gt;5 years. Linear and logistic mixed-effects models were fitted using repeated measures of independent variables and outcomes with a priori stratification by developmental stages (&lt;3, 3–4.99, ≥5 years).ResultsA total of 700 children with 3,628 observations were included in this study [mean age = 5.5 (SD = 2.7, max = 11.9) years, female = 47.6%]. Mean change in child screen time before vs. during the pandemic was +51.1 min/day and level of parental use of routines and setting limits remained stable. Lower use of routines was associated with higher child screen time (β = 4.0 min; 95% CI: 0.9, 7.1; p = 0.01) in ages ≥5 years and lower odds of meeting the screen time guideline in ages &lt;3 years and ≥5 years (OR = 0.59; 95% CI: 0.38, 0.88; p = 0.01; OR = 0.76; 95% CI: 0.67, 0.87; p &lt; 0.01). Lower use of limit setting was associated with higher child screen time and lower odds of meeting the screen time guideline in ages ≥5 years (β = 3.8 min; 95% CI: 0.69, 6.48; p &lt; 0.01; OR = 0.86; 95% CI: 0.78, 0.94; p &lt; 0.01).ConclusionsLower parental use of routines and limits during the COVID-19 pandemic were associated with higher screen time and lower odds of meeting the screen time guideline among school-age children. Results may help inform strategies to promote healthy screen use in this age group

Precision of Measurements Performed by a Cadre of Anthropometrists Trained for a Large Household Nutrition Survey in Ethiopia.

BACKGROUND: Well-trained anthropometrists are essential for the delivery of high-quality anthropometric data used to evaluate public health nutrition interventions. Scant data are currently available on the precision of data collected by large teams of anthropometrists employed for nutrition surveys in low-income country settings. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to assess the precision of child midupper arm circumference (MUAC) and length/height measurements taken by fieldworkers training for nutrition survey deployment. METHODS: Following 3 d of training, an anthropometry standardization exercise was conducted in small teams of trainees at 7 sites in the Amhara region of Ethiopia. In groups of 2-4, trainee anthropometrists (n = 79) each measured 16 children aged 6-47 mo (n = 336) twice for MUAC and length/height. Both intraobserver and interobserver precision were analyzed using technical error of measurement (TEM), relative TEM, coefficient of reliability (R), and repeatability metrics. Bland-Altman limits of agreement were calculated for intraobserver measurements. RESULTS: Intraobserver TEM was between 0.00 and 0.57 cm for MUAC (Bland-Altman 95% limits of agreement: -0.50 to 0.54 cm) and between 0.04 and 2.58 cm for length/height measurements (Bland-Altman 95% limits of agreement: -1.43 to 1.41 cm). Interobserver TEM was between 0.09 and 0.43 cm for MUAC and between 0.06 and 2.98 cm for length/height measurements. A high proportion of trainees achieved intraobserver R >0.95 (MUAC: 95%; length/height: 97%). Most teams also achieved interobserver R >0.95 (MUAC: 90%; length/height: 95%). CONCLUSIONS: Large numbers of anthropometrists (>75) in low-income settings can attain satisfactory precision in anthropometry following training and standardization. These protocols permit researchers to assess trainees, identify individuals who have not achieved the desired level of precision, and retrain or adjust roles prior to survey deployment