34 research outputs found
Estudo de alguns compostos bioativos das pitayas de polpas branca e vermelha (Cereus undatus, SinonĂmia: Hylocereus guatemalensis, H.undatus) / Study of some bioactive compounds of white and red pulp pitayas (Cereus undatus, Synonymy: Hylocereus guatemalensis, H.undatus)
A pitaya (Cereus undatus, sinonĂmia: Hylocereus guatemalensis, H.undatus) Ă© uma fruta exĂłtica e de consumo ligeiramente crescente no nosso paĂs. As atribuiçÔes funcionais dadas a essa fruta, pelo senso comum, incita ao estudo das suas caracterĂsticas fĂsicas, quĂmicas e microbiolĂłgicas. Deve-se ressaltar que as frutas sĂŁo fontes primĂĄrias de vĂĄrias vitaminas e outros compostos bioativos, como por exemplo, os antioxidantes, vitaminas e açĂșcares. A ingestĂŁo desses compostos aumenta a imunidade dos indivĂduos, induzindo a melhores nĂveis de saĂșde e melhorando o seu rendimento fĂsico e mental. Os valores de referĂȘncia para a pitaya, ainda, sĂŁo desconhecidos do grande pĂșblico, por ser esta uma fruta de consumo de uma classe abastada, por seu preço ser demasiadamente alto para os nossos padrĂ”es brasileiros. As matrizes em alimentos sĂŁo muito complexas, dadas as suas caracterĂsticas naturais. Diante disso, vĂĄrias sĂŁo as tĂ©cnicas utilizadas para determinaçÔes analĂticas de compostos bioativos, dentre elas, tĂȘm-se a Cromatografia LĂquida de Alta EficiĂȘncia (CLAE) e espectrofotometria U.V visĂvel. O objetivo deste trabalho Ă© estudar a presença de vitamina C e açĂșcares nas pitayas de polpas branca e vermelha por CLAE, bem como, determinar, ainda, o teor de atividade antioxidante pelo mĂ©todo de captura do radical 2,2â- azinobis (3- etilbenzenotiazolina-6-ĂĄcido sulfĂŽnico â ABTS), teores de sĂłlidos solĂșveis (ÂșBrix), alĂ©m da acidez e pH
Development and validation of a method for detection and quantification of ochratoxin A in green coffee using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry
Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research
Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4
While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge
of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5â7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8â11 In
the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the worldâs most diverse rainforest and the primary source of
Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13â15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazonâs biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus
crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced
environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian
Amazonia, while identifying the regionâs vulnerability to environmental change. 15%â18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by
2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status,
much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Aspectos anatomopatolĂłgicos das neoplasias malignas renais: Anatomopathological aspects of malignant renal neoplasms
As neoplasias renais correspondem ao crescimento exacerbado de cĂ©lulas tumorais no interior dos rins, classificadas como benignas ou malignas. Neste estudo serĂĄ abordado sobre as neoplasias malignas renais, a qual correspondem a maior prevalĂȘncia e sĂŁo representadas pelo carcinoma de cĂ©lulas renais e o tumor de Wilms, com a finalidade de descrever a respeito dos aspectos anatomopatolĂłgicos, disseminando informaçÔes para o diagnĂłstico e manejo precoce. O carcinoma de cĂ©lulas renais Ă© mais prevalente no sexo masculino, indivĂduos mais velhos, geralmente assintomĂĄtico, contribuindo para o diagnĂłstico tardio junto a existĂȘncia de metĂĄstases e terapĂȘutica irresponsiva. NĂŁo se trata de uma doença genĂ©tica, sendo o carĂĄter esporĂĄdico o predominante, neste contexto os fatores de risco, sobretudo o tabagismo em seguida de obesidade hemodiĂĄlise e doenças genĂ©ticas sĂŁo potenciais desencadeantes da enfermidade. Os exames complementares associado a clĂnica, junto ao acompanhamento eleva a possibilidade de identificação antes de avanços metastĂĄticos. O tumor de Wilms Ă© tĂpico de crianças, acometendo um ou ambos os rins, normalmente com alguma anomalia genĂ©tica, sendo os sinais inespecĂficos, mas sempre manifestando massa palpĂĄvel e dor abdominal, a qual os mĂ©todos de imagem confirmam o diagnĂłstico e estimam o prognĂłstico deste. Neste contexto, elucida-se a transcendĂȘncia que os aspectos anatomopatolĂłgicos das neoplasias malignas renais oferecem para a diagnose precoce, devido a escassez e inespecificidafe das manifestaçÔes clĂnicas. Logo, a junção do perfil de cada neoplasia abordado conduz ao manejo adequado e reduz a incidĂȘncia de tratamentos agressivos e irresponsivos
Understanding the relation between Zika virus infection during pregnancy and adverse fetal, infant and child outcomes: a protocol for a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis of longitudinal studies of pregnant women and their infants and children
IntroductionZika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy is a known cause of microcephaly and other congenital and developmental anomalies. In the absence of a ZIKV vaccine or prophylactics, principal investigators (PIs) and international leaders in ZIKV research have formed the ZIKV Individual Participant Data (IPD) Consortium to identify, collect and synthesise IPD from longitudinal studies of pregnant women that measure ZIKV infection during pregnancy and fetal, infant or child outcomes.Methods and analysisWe will identify eligible studies through the ZIKV IPD Consortium membership and a systematic review and invite study PIs to participate in the IPD meta-analysis (IPD-MA). We will use the combined dataset to estimate the relative and absolute risk of congenital Zika syndrome (CZS), including microcephaly and late symptomatic congenital infections; identify and explore sources of heterogeneity in those estimates and develop and validate a risk prediction model to identify the pregnancies at the highest risk of CZS or adverse developmental outcomes. The variable accuracy of diagnostic assays and differences in exposure and outcome definitions means that included studies will have a higher level of systematic variability, a component of measurement error, than an IPD-MA of studies of an established pathogen. We will use expert testimony, existing internal and external diagnostic accuracy validation studies and laboratory external quality assessments to inform the distribution of measurement error in our models. We will apply both Bayesian and frequentist methods to directly account for these and other sources of uncertainty.Ethics and disseminationThe IPD-MA was deemed exempt from ethical review. We will convene a group of patient advocates to evaluate the ethical implications and utility of the risk stratification tool. Findings from these analyses will be shared via national and international conferences and through publication in open access, peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberPROSPERO International prospective register of systematic reviews (CRD42017068915).</jats:sec
ATLANTIC-PRIMATES: a dataset of communities and occurrences of primates in the Atlantic Forests of South America
Primates play an important role in ecosystem functioning and offer critical insights into human evolution, biology, behavior, and emerging infectious diseases. There are 26 primate species in the Atlantic Forests of South America, 19 of them endemic. We compiled a dataset of 5,472 georeferenced locations of 26 native and 1 introduced primate species, as hybrids in the genera Callithrix and Alouatta. The dataset includes 700 primate communities, 8,121 single species occurrences and 714 estimates of primate population sizes, covering most natural forest types of the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina and some other biomes. On average, primate communities of the Atlantic Forest harbor 2 ± 1 species (range = 1â6). However, about 40% of primate communities contain only one species. Alouatta guariba (N = 2,188 records) and Sapajus nigritus (N = 1,127) were the species with the most records. Callicebus barbarabrownae (N = 35), Leontopithecus caissara (N = 38), and Sapajus libidinosus (N = 41) were the species with the least records. Recorded primate densities varied from 0.004 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta guariba at Fragmento do Bugre, ParanĂĄ, Brazil) to 400 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta caraya in Santiago, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). Our dataset reflects disparity between the numerous primate census conducted in the Atlantic Forest, in contrast to the scarcity of estimates of population sizes and densities. With these data, researchers can develop different macroecological and regional level studies, focusing on communities, populations, species co-occurrence and distribution patterns. Moreover, the data can also be used to assess the consequences of fragmentation, defaunation, and disease outbreaks on different ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, species invasion or extinction, and community dynamics. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this Data Paper when the data are used in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using the data. © 2018 by the The Authors. Ecology © 2018 The Ecological Society of Americ
Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research
Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%â18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost
Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study
Summary
Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally.
Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies
have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of
the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income
countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality.
Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to
hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis,
exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprungâs disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a
minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical
status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary
intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause,
in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status.
We did a complete case analysis.
Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital
diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal
malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprungâs disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome
countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male.
Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36â39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3â3·3).
Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income
countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups).
Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome
countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries;
pâ€0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients
combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88â4·11],
p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59â2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20
[1·04â1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention
(ASA 4â5 vs ASA 1â2, 1·82 [1·40â2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1â2, 1·58, [1·30â1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety
checklist not used (1·39 [1·02â1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed
(ventilation 1·96, [1·41â2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05â1·74], p=0·018). Administration of
parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47â0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65
[0·50â0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48â1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality.
Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome,
middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will
be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger
than 5 years by 2030