20 research outputs found
Potential species distribution and richness of ixodidae ticks associated with wild vertebrates from Michoacán, Mexico
Ticks are regarded as the most relevant vectors of disease-causing pathogens in domestic and wild animals. The diversity of Ixodidae is known for a very small number of genera. Ixodes are repre- sented by 26 species, and in 2007 the first reported ticks vectors in Mexico for the causal agent of Lyme disease. Recent rise in tick-borne disease in many parts of the world is a phenomenon in need of an explanation. The main objective of the present work was to map at a regional scale (1:2,000,000) of the distribution of ticks of the family Ixodidae that are potentially present on the wild fauna of state of Michoacan, Mexico. We compiled all available literature on ticks at a national level together with complete cartographic and bibliographic georeferenced information of the distribution of hosts in order to build a spatial database in ArcView 3.3. The results indicated that the wild fauna in the state’s territory could potentially include 31 species of ticks of Ixodidae. The map of potential species richness of ixodid ticks on the wild fauna of the state can be categorized into five classes of species richness. The highest potential concentration of ixodid species on wild fauna occurs in the volcanic area of Pico de Tancítaro
Primer análisis filogenético de Ehrlichia canis en perros y garrapatas de México. Estudio preliminar
RESUMEN
Objetivos. Caracterizar filogenéticamente Ehrlichia canis a partir de perros naturalmente infectados y sus garrapatas, mediante PCR y secuenciación del gene 16SrRNA para compararlos con diferentes aislados encontrados en el continente Americano. Material y métodos. Se colectaron muestras sanguíneas de 139 perros con manifestaciones clínicas sugestivas a Ehrlichiosis, y que estuvieran infestados con garrapatas; una parte del gene 16SrRNA, fue secuenciada y alineada junto con las 17 secuencias reportadas en los países de América. Se construyeron dos árboles filogenéticos utilizando el método de Máxima verosimilitud compuesta, y Máxima parsimonia. Resultados. Fueron positivos a E. canis 25/139 (18.0%) perros y 29/139 (20.9%) garrapatas colectadas sobre los perros. Las manifestaciones clínicas presentadas fueron fiebre, astenia, depresión y vómito. Las garrapatas Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Dermacentor variabilis y Haemaphysalis leporis-palustris fueron positivas para E. canis. El análisis filogenético mostró que las secuencias 16SrRNA de Ehrlichia canis aisladas de perros y garrapatas en este estudio forman un tercer grupo que diverge de las secuencias de Sudamérica y EUA. Conclusiones. Es el primer análisis filogenético de E. canis en México. Hay diferencias entre las secuencias de este estudio, con las reportadas en otros países de Sudamérica y en EUA. Esta investigación sienta las bases para profundizar en el estudio de la variabilidad genética
First results of the glitching pulsars monitoring program at the Argentine Institute of Radioastronomy
We report here on the first results of a systematic monitoring of southern
glitching pulsars at the Argentine Institute of Radio astronomy started on the
year 2019. We detected a major glitch in the Vela pulsar (PSR J08354510) and
two mini-glitches in PSR J10485832. For each glitch, we present the
measurement of glitch parameters by fitting timing residuals. We then make an
individual pulses study of Vela in observations previous and after the glitch.
We selected 6 days of observations around the major glitch on July 22nd 2021
and study their statistical properties with machine learning techniques. We use
Variational AutoEncoder (VAE) reconstruction of the pulses to separate them
clearly from the noise. We perform a study with Self-Organizing Maps (SOM)
clustering techniques and find an unusual behavior of the clusters two days
prior to the glitch. This behavior is only visible in the the higher amplitude
pulse clusters and if intrinsic to the pulsar could be interpreted as a
precursor of the glitch.Comment: 13 pages, 13 figures, 13 table
Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries
Abstract
Background
Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres.
Methods
This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries.
Results
In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia.
Conclusion
This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries
First phylogenetic analysis of Ehrlichia canis in dogs and ticks from Mexico. Preliminary study
ABSTRACT Objective. Phylogenetic characterization of Ehrlichia canis in dogs naturally infected and ticks, diagnosed by PCR and sequencing of 16SrRNA gene; compare different isolates found in American countries. Materials and methods. Were collected Blood samples from 139 dogs with suggestive clinical manifestations of this disease and they were infested with ticks; part of 16SrRNA gene was sequenced and aligned, with 17 sequences reported in American countries. Two phylogenetic trees were constructed using the Maximum likelihood method, and Maximum parsimony. Results. They were positive to E. canis 25/139 (18.0%) dogs and 29/139 (20.9%) ticks. The clinical manifestations presented were fever, fatigue, depression and vomiting. Rhipicephalus sanguineus Dermacentor variabilis and Haemaphysalis leporis-palustris ticks were positive for E. canis. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the sequences of dogs and ticks in Mexico form a third group diverging of sequences from South America and USA. Conclusions. This is the first phylogenetic analysis of E. canis in Mexico. There are differences in the sequences of Mexico with those reported in South America and USA. This research lays the foundation for further study of genetic variability.RESUMEN Objetivos. Caracterizar filogenéticamente Ehrlichia canis a partir de perros naturalmente infectados y sus garrapatas, mediante PCR y secuenciación del gene 16SrRNA para compararlos con diferentes aislados encontrados en el continente Americano. Material y métodos. Se colectaron muestras sanguíneas de 139 perros con manifestaciones clínicas sugestivas a Ehrlichiosis, y que estuvieran infestados con garrapatas; una parte del gene 16SrRNA, fue secuenciada y alineada junto con las 17 secuencias reportadas en los países de América. Se construyeron dos árboles filogenéticos utilizando el método de Máxima verosimilitud compuesta, y Máxima parsimonia. Resultados. Fueron positivos a E. canis 25/139 (18.0%) perros y 29/139 (20.9%) garrapatas colectadas sobre los perros. Las manifestaciones clínicas presentadas fueron fiebre, astenia, depresión y vómito. Las garrapatas Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Dermacentor variabilis y Haemaphysalis leporis-palustris fueron positivas para E. canis. El análisis filogenético mostró que las secuencias 16SrRNA de Ehrlichia canis aisladas de perros y garrapatas en este estudio forman un tercer grupo que diverge de las secuencias de Sudamérica y EUA. Conclusiones. Es el primer análisis filogenético de E. canis en México. Hay diferencias entre las secuencias de este estudio, con las reportadas en otros países de Sudamérica y en EUA. Esta investigación sienta las bases para profundizar en el estudio de la variabilidad genética
Efecto antibacteriano del extracto metanólico de Salix babylonica sobre bacterias de importancia en salud pública
The excessive use of antibiotics, has generated resistance of microorganisms to these, have been searched
effectives alternatives for treating diseases caused by resistant or multiresistant microorganism, within of
these alternatives are plants, which by its content of secondary compounds have antibacterial activity. The
aim on the present experiment was characterize and determine the antibacterial activity of methanolic
extract of Salix babylonica (SB) against important bacteria in public health. To obtain extract, the maceration
technique was used, qualitative and quantitative (gas chromatography) chemical characterization was
carried. For antibacterial activity, the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal
Concentration (MBC) was determined, the characterization of the extract allowed the identification of
phenolic compounds, coumarins, lactones, flavonols, quinones, saponins, triterpenes and steroidal
compounds, also Thymol (0.5319 mg/mL) and Carvacrol (0.4158 mg/mL). The extract showed the best
activity against Bacillus. subtilis (MIC: 12.5 mg/mL and WBC: 25 mg/mL), Listeria. monocytogenes and
Staphylococcus. aureus (MIC: 25 mg/mL and MBC: 50 mg/mL). It is concluded that the methanolic extract
of SB can be an alternative for the treatment of diseases produced by resistant or multiresistant bacteria to
antibioticsEl uso excesivo de antimicrobianos ha generado resistencia de los microorganismos a estos, se han
buscado alternativas que sean eficaces para el tratamiento de enfermedades producidas por
microorganismos resistentes o multirresistentes a antibióticos, dentro de estas alternativas están las
plantas, las cuales por su contenido de compuesto secundarios presentan actividad antibacteriana. El
objetivo del presente estudio fue caracterizar y determinar la actividad antibacteriana del extracto
metanólico de Salix babylonica (SB) sobre bacterias de importancia en salud pública. Para la obtención del
extracto se utilizó la técnica de maceración, se realizó una caracterización química cualitativa y cuantitativa
por cromatografía de gases. Para determinar la actividad antibacteriana, se determinó la Concentración
Mínima Inhibitoria (CMI) y la Concentración Mínima Bactericida (CMB) y la caracterización del extracto
permitió identificar compuestos fenólicos, cumarinas, lactonas, flavonoles, quinonas, saponinas, triterpenos
y compuestos esteroidales, además de Timol (0.5319 mg/mL) y Carvacrol (0.4158 mg/ml). Con respecto a
la actividad antibacteriana la mejor actividad se presentó contra Bacillus. subtillis (CMI: 12.5 mg/mL y CMB:
25 mg/mL), Listeria. monocytogenes y Staphylococcus. aureus (CMI: 25 mg/mL y CMB: 50 mg/mL). Se
concluye que el extracto metanólico de SB puede ser una alternativa para el tratamiento de enfermedades
producidas por bacterias resistentes o multirresistentes a antibiótico
Nephroprotective Activity of Papaloquelite (<i>Porophyllum ruderale</i>) in Thioacetamide-Induced Injury Model
Acute kidney injury and impaired kidney function is associated with reduced survival and increased morbidity. Porophyllum ruderale is an edible plant endemic to Mexico used in Mexican traditional medicine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nephroprotective effect of a hydroalcoholic extract (MeOH:water 70:30, v/v) from the aerial parts of P. ruderale (HEPr). Firstly, in vitro the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of HEPr was determined; after the in vivo nephroprotective activity of HEPr was evaluated using a thioacetamide-induced injury model in rats. HEPr showed a slight effect on LPS-NO production in macrophages (15% INO at 40 µg/mL) and high antioxidant activity in the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) test, followed by the activity on DPPH and ABTS radicals test (69.04, 63.06 and 32.96% of inhibition, respectively). In addition, values of kidney injury biomarkers in urine (urobilinogen, hemoglobin, bilirubin, ketones, glucose, protein, pH, nitrites, leukocytes, specific gravity, and the microalbumin/creatinine) and serum (creatinine, urea, and urea nitrogen) of rats treated with HEPr were maintained in normal ranges. Finally, 5-O-caffeoylquinic, 4-O-caffeoylquinic and ferulic acids; as well as 3-O-quercetin glucoside and 3-O-kaempferol glucoside were identified by HPLC as major components of HEPr. In conclusion, Porophyllum ruderale constitutes a source of compounds for the treatment of acute kidney injury