NK-lysin peptides ameliorate viral encephalopathy and retinopathy disease signs and provide partial protection against nodavirus infection in European sea bass

Antimicrobial peptides (AMP) comprise a wide range of small molecules with direct antibacterial activity and immunostimulatory role and are proposed as promising substitutes of the antibiotics. Additionally, they also exert a role against other pathogens such as viruses and fungi less evaluated. NK-lysin, a human granulysin orthologue, possess a double function, taking part in the innate immunity as AMP and also as direct effector in the cell-mediated cytotoxic (CMC) response. This molecule is suggested as a pivotal molecule involved in the defence upon nervous necrosis virus (NNV), an epizootic virus provoking serious problems in welfare and health status in Asian and Mediterranean fish destined to human consumption. Having proved that NK-lysin derived peptides (NKLPs) have a direct antiviral activity against NNV in vitro, we aimed to evaluate their potential use as a prophylactic treatment for European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax), one of the most susceptible cultured-fish species. Thus, intramuscular injection of synthetic NKLPs resulted in a very low transcriptional response of some innate and adaptive immune markers. However, the injection of NKLPs ameliorated disease signs and increased fish survival upon challenge with pathogenic NNV. Although NKLPs showed promising results in treatments against NNV, more efforts are needed to understand their mechanisms of action and their applicability to the aquaculture industry.This work was supported by Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO; grant AGL2016-74866-C3-1-R with FEDER co-funds), Agencia Espanola ˜ de Investigacion ´ (PID2019-105522 GB-I00), Fundacion ´ S´eneca, Grupo de Excelencia de la Regi´ on de Murcia (grant 19883/GERM/15) and National Commission for Scientific & Technological Research Chile (grant FONDECYT N◦ 1170379)

Use of quinolones in bull semen extenders to reduce sperm deoxyribonucleic acid damage

Cryopreserved sperm samples from Holstein bulls (n = 20) were examined for bacterial presence and Sperm DNA Fragmentation (SDF) dynamics. SDF was assessed after thawing (T0) and at 4, 24 and 48 h of incubation (37°C) and the rate of SDF (r-SDF), as an estimator of the DNA degradation over time, was calculated. Two groups of bulls were identified based on the presence or absence of bacteria: One group (n = 10) had a readily detectable bacterial presence, while the other group (n = 10) had an undetectable bacterial presence. Differences in the SDF at T0 were not observed between these two groups. However, statistically different results were found after 24 h of incubation at 37°C (Kaplan-Meier estimator; Log- Rank Matel-Cox, p0.05) were not detected between the control and the quinolone treated sample for those samples without bacteria. However, differences (p<0.000) in SDF were observed for quinolone treated samples that previously presented bacteria. Incubation of sealed straws showed that bacterial contamination occurred prior to cryopreservation. These results call attention to three points: (1) sperm samples were in contact with bacteria before cryopreservation; (2) the r-SDF can be directly correlated with bacterial presence but this effect remains cryptic after thawing and (3) the r-SDF can be reduced by treating the semen samples with an adequate antibiotic such as quinolones, a finding not previously reported in the scientific literature, but important in terms of reproductionThis work was supported by the Ministry of Education and Science, Spain (Grant BFU2010-16738/BFI

Effectiveness of ozone therapy to reduce pain in patients with temporomandibular disorders

Introducción: los trastornos temporomandibulares constituyen un problema de salud importante que afecta a más del 50% de la población mundial en algún momento de su vida. Objetivo: evaluar la efectividad de la ozonoterapia para disminuir el dolor en los pacientes con trastornos temporomandibulares. Método: se realizó un estudio cuasi-experimental prospectivo en enfermos con trastornos temporomandibulares pertenecientes a la Clínica Estomatológica “Mártires de Sagua” atendidos en la Sala de Rehabilitación del Policlínico Docente “Idalberto Revuelta” en 2016. La muestra estuvo constituida por 30 pacientes, la selección se realizó a través de un muestreo no probabilístico por criterios y quedó conformada por un grupo experimental de 10 enfermos en los que se añadió la ozonoterapia al tratamiento convencional y un grupo control de 20 pacientes con solo tratamiento convencional. En ambos grupos se solicitó el consentimiento informado para participar en la investigación según el tratamiento asignado y brindar datos acerca de su evolución. Resultados: predominaron las edades entre 50 y 59 años y el sexo femenino; antes del tratamiento predominó la intensidad del dolor moderada y los indicadores empleados para valorar la evolución clínica mostraron resultados porcentualmente superiores en el grupo experimental. Conclusiones: la modalidad de tratamiento que combina la terapia convencional con el ozono es más efectiva que la aplicación de la terapia convencional sola en los pacientes con trastornos temporomandibulares.Introduction: temporomandibular disorders are a major health problem that affects more than 50% of the world population at some point in their lives. Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of ozone therapy to reduce pain in patients with temporomandibular disorders. Method: a prospective quasi-experimental study was carried out in patients with temporomandibular disorders belonging to the "Mártires de Sagua" Stomatological Clinic attended in the Rehabilitation Room of "Idalberto Revuelta" Teaching Polyclinic in 2016. The sample consisted of 30 patients, the selection was made through a non-probabilistic sampling by criteria and was made up of an experimental group of 10 patients in whom ozone therapy was added to conventional treatment and a control group of 20 patients with only conventional treatment. In both groups, it was requested the informed consent to participate in the research according to the assigned treatment and provide information about its evolution. Results: the ages between 50 and 59 years old and the female sex predominated; before the treatment, the intensity of moderate pain predominated and the indicators used to assess the clinical evolution showed percentage results higher in the experimental group. Conclusions: the treatment modality that combines conventional therapy with ozone is more effective than the application of conventional therapy alone in patients with temporomandibular disorders

Electronic Patient-Reported Outcomes in Nephrology: Focus on Hemodialysis

Hemodialysis; ePRO; PROMs; PREMsHemodiàlisi; ePRO; PROMs; PREMsHemodiálisis; ePRO; PROMs; PREMsThe success of hemodialysis (HD) treatments has been evaluated using objective measures of analytical parameters, or machine-measured parameters, despite having available validated instruments that assess patient perspective. There is an emerging interest regarding the use and relevance of patient-related outcomes (PROs). Electronic PROs (ePROs) involve the use of electronic technology, provide rapid access to this information, and are becoming more widely used in clinical trials and studies to evaluate efficacy and safety. Despite the scarce literature, this review suggests that ePROs are useful in providing a more customized and multidimensional approach to patient management and in making better clinical decisions in relevant aspects such as vascular access, duration and frequency of dialysis sessions, treatment of anemia, mental health, fatigue, and quality of life. The purpose of this review is to raise interest in the systematic use of ePROs in HD and to promote the development of studies in this field, which can respond to the gaps in knowledge and contribute to the implementation of the use of ePROs through new technologies, helping to improve the quality of health care

Percepções dos alunos de Enfermagem sobre flipped classroom e avaliação contínua na sala de aula de Gestão de Enfermagem

Introduction: Although the training of nurses in administration and leadership has an important repercussion on the present and the future of the profession, teaching methods are still traditional in many cases. Flipped classroom is a widely used method in nursing education but studies about its application to Nursing Administration and Management are limited. Method: Qualitative study by means of anonymous survey (dichotomous and open questions). Results: 92 % of students were shown to be satisfied with the teaching methodology and 92.9 % with the assessment. Only 31.5 % had used it previously but 83 % would like to use it in more subjects. The students showed that the methodology used had improved their opinion about the content and had increased their perception its usefulness. Conclusion: The participating students have been shown to be satisfied with flipped method and continuous assessment. These teaching strategies can help motivate nursing students towards the subject of Nursing Administration and Management, which can encourage them to pursue postgraduate training and professional practice in this area.Introducción: Si bien la formación de enfermeros en Administración y Gestión tiene una importante repercusión en el presente y el futuro de la profesión, los métodos de enseñanza siguen siendo tradicionales en muchos casos. El aula invertida es un método ampliamente utilizado en la educación de enfermería, pero los estudios sobre su aplicación a la administración y gestión de enfermería son limitados. Método: Estudio cualitativo mediante cuestionario anónimo (preguntas dicotómicas y abiertas). Resultados: El 92 % de los estudiantes se mostró satisfecho con la metodología de enseñanza y el 92,9 % con la evaluación. Solo el 31,5 % lo había usado anteriormente, pero al 83 % le gustaría usarlo en más sujetos. Los estudiantes demostraron que la metodología utilizada había mejorado su opinión sobre el contenido y había aumentado su percepción útil del mismo. Conclusión: Los estudiantes participantes han demostrado estar satisfechos con el método de aula invertida. Estas estrategias de enseñanza pueden ayudar a motivar a los estudiantes de enfermería hacia la asignatura de Administración y Gestión de los Servicios de Enfermería, lo que puede animarlos a realizar una formación de posgrado y una práctica profesional en esta área.Introdução: Embora a educação de Enfermagem em Administração e Gestão tenha um grande impacto no presente e futuro da profissão, os métodos de ensino continuam a ser tradicionais em muitos casos. A sala de aula invertida é um método amplamente utilizado na educação em Enfermagem, mas os estudos sobre a sua aplicação à Administração e Gestão de Enfermagem são limitados. Método: Estudo qualitativo utilizando um questionário anônimo (perguntas dicotômicas e abertas). Resultados: 92% dos estudantes ficaram satisfeitos com a metodologia de ensino e 92,9% com a avaliação. Apenas 31,5% já o tinha utilizado antes, mas 83% gostariam de  utilizá-lo em mais assuntos. Os estudantes mostraram que a metodologia utilizada havia melhorado a sua opinião sobre o conteúdo e aumentado a sua percepção útil do conteúdo. Conclusão: Os estudantes participantes mostraram-se satisfeitos com o método invertido e com a avaliação contínua. Estas estratégias de ensino podem ajudar a motivar os estudantes de Enfermagem para a disciplina de Administração e Gestão de Enfermagem, o que pode encorajá-los a empreender uma educação de pós-graduação e prática profissional nesta área

Prospective multicenter study of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae from 83 hospitals in Spain reveals high in vitro susceptibility to colistin and meropenem

The aim of this study was to determine the impact of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) in Spain in 2013 by describing the prevalence, dissemination, and geographic distribution of CPE clones, and their population structure and antibiotic susceptibility. From February 2013 to May 2013, 83 hospitals (about 40,000 hospital beds) prospectively collected nonduplicate Enterobacteriaceae using the screening cutoff recommended by EUCAST. Carbapenemase characterization was performed by phenotypic methods and confirmed by PCR and sequencing. Multilocus sequencing types (MLST) were determined for Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. A total of 702 Enterobacteriaceae isolates met the inclusion criteria; 379 (54%) were CPE. OXA-48 (71.5%) and VIM-1 (25.3%) were the most frequent carbapenemases, and K. pneumoniae (74.4%), Enterobacter cloacae (10.3%), and E. coli (8.4%) were the species most affected. Susceptibility to colistin, amikacin, and meropenem was 95.5%, 81.3%, and 74.7%, respectively. The most prevalent sequence types (STs) were ST11 and ST405 for K. pneumoniae and ST131 for E. coli. Forty-five (54.1%) of the hospitals had at least one CPE case. For K. pneumoniae, ST11/OXA-48, ST15/OXA-48, ST405/OXA-48, and ST11/VIM-1 were detected in two or more Spanish provinces. ST11 isolates carried four carbapenemases (VIM-1, OXA-48, KPC-2, and OXA-245), but ST405 isolates carried OXA-48 only. A wide interregional spread of CPE in Spain was observed, mainly due to a few successful clones of OXA-48-producing K. pneumoniae (e.g., ST11 and ST405). The dissemination of OXA-48-producing E. coli is a new finding of public health concern. According to the susceptibilities determined in vitro, most of the CPE (94.5%) had three or more options for antibiotic treatmentFondo de Investigación Sanitaria PI12/01242General de Redes y Centros de Investigación Cooperativa y Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad y Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases REIPI RD12/001

Percepções dos alunos de Enfermagem sobre flipped classroom e avaliação contínua na sala de aula de Gestão de Enfermagem

Introduction: Although the training of nurses in administration and leadership has an important repercussion on the present and the future of the profession, teaching methods are still traditional in many cases. Flipped classroom is a widely used method in nursing education but studies about its application to Nursing Administration and Management are limited. Method: Qualitative study by means of anonymous survey (dichotomous and open questions). Results: 92 % of students were shown to be satisfied with the teaching methodology and 92.9 % with the assessment. Only 31.5 % had used it previously but 83 % would like to use it in more subjects. The students showed that the methodology used had improved their opinion about the content and had increased their perception its usefulness. Conclusion: The participating students have been shown to be satisfied with flipped method and continuous assessment. These teaching strategies can help motivate nursing students towards the subject of Nursing Administration and Management, which can encourage them to pursue postgraduate training and professional practice in this area.Introducción: Si bien la formación de enfermeros en Administración y Gestión tiene una importante repercusión en el presente y el futuro de la profesión, los métodos de enseñanza siguen siendo tradicionales en muchos casos. El aula invertida es un método ampliamente utilizado en la educación de enfermería, pero los estudios sobre su aplicación a la administración y gestión de enfermería son limitados. Método: Estudio cualitativo mediante cuestionario anónimo (preguntas dicotómicas y abiertas). Resultados: El 92 % de los estudiantes se mostró satisfecho con la metodología de enseñanza y el 92,9 % con la evaluación. Solo el 31,5 % lo había usado anteriormente, pero al 83 % le gustaría usarlo en más sujetos. Los estudiantes demostraron que la metodología utilizada había mejorado su opinión sobre el contenido y había aumentado su percepción útil del mismo. Conclusión: Los estudiantes participantes han demostrado estar satisfechos con el método de aula invertida. Estas estrategias de enseñanza pueden ayudar a motivar a los estudiantes de enfermería hacia la asignatura de Administración y Gestión de los Servicios de Enfermería, lo que puede animarlos a realizar una formación de posgrado y una práctica profesional en esta área.Introdução: Embora a educação de Enfermagem em Administração e Gestão tenha um grande impacto no presente e futuro da profissão, os métodos de ensino continuam a ser tradicionais em muitos casos. A sala de aula invertida é um método amplamente utilizado na educação em Enfermagem, mas os estudos sobre a sua aplicação à Administração e Gestão de Enfermagem são limitados. Método: Estudo qualitativo utilizando um questionário anônimo (perguntas dicotômicas e abertas). Resultados: 92% dos estudantes ficaram satisfeitos com a metodologia de ensino e 92,9% com a avaliação. Apenas 31,5% já o tinha utilizado antes, mas 83% gostariam de utilizá-lo em mais assuntos. Os estudantes mostraram que a metodologia utilizada havia melhorado a sua opinião sobre o conteúdo e aumentado a sua percepção útil do conteúdo. Conclusão: Os estudantes participantes mostraram-se satisfeitos com o método invertido e com a avaliação contínua. Estas estratégias de ensino podem ajudar a motivar os estudantes de Enfermagem para a disciplina de Administração e Gestão de Enfermagem, o que pode encorajá-los a empreender uma educação de pós-graduação e prática profissional nesta área

Maternal variables in cases of major congenital malformations of the urinary system diagnosed in Puerto Padre, 2018-2020

Background: identifying the characteristics of congenital anomalies allows implementing risk studies and establishing individualized prevention strategies with the aim of reversing their impact. Objective: to describe the characteristics of mothers who had products of conception with major birth defects of the urinary system, diagnosed in Puerto Padre, during the period 2018-2020. Methods: an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was performed in a sample of 14 mothers as defined in the objective. The information was collected from the Cuban Registry of Congenital Malformations and the Cuban Prenatal Registry of Congenital Malformations. Descriptive statistics was used in data processing. Results: 14 major birth defects of the urinary system were identified, for a prevalence of 5.6 per 1000 live births. The most frequent abnormality was hydronephrosis (35.71 %), followed by the right polycystic kidney (28.57 %). Most mothers were between 19 and 34 years old (71.43 %). It prevailed the standard weight mothers (85.71 %), the increased genetic risk (78.57 %), pregnancies that came to term (71.43 %), health area of Puerto Padre (64.29 %), urban area (57.14 %). The main genetic and environmental factors included no ingestion of folic acid (78.57 %), drug consumption during pregnancy and toxic habits (57.14 %) and chronic diseases in the mother (50 %). 71,43 % had more than one factor. Conclusions: characteristics of mothers with conception products with major congenital malformations of the urinary system were described

Differential processing of anthropogenic carbon and nitrogen in benthic food webs of A Coruña (NW Spain) traced by stable isotopes

proyectos ANILE (CTM2009- 08396 and CTM2010-08804-E) del Plan Nacional de I+D+i y RADIALES del Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO). C.M. e I.G.V. disfrutaron de contratos FPI del IEO y del Ministerio de Economía y Competividad respectivamente.In this study the effect of inputs of organic matter and anthropogenic nitrogen at small spatial scales were investigated in the benthos of the Ria of A Coruña (NW Spain) using stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes. This ria is characteristically enriched in nutrients provided either by marine processes (as coastal upwelling) or by urban and agricultural waste. Stable isotope composition in trophic guilds of infaunal benthos revealed spatial differences related to their nutrient inputs. The main difference was the presence of an additional chemoautotrophic food web at the site with a large accumulation of organic matter. The enrichment in heavy nitrogen isotopes observed in most compartments suggests the influence of sewage-derived nitrogen, despite large inputs of marine nitrogen. Macroalgae (Fucus vesiculosus) resulted significantly enriched at the site influenced by estuarine waters. In contrast, no differences were found in mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis), thus suggesting a major dependence on marine nutrient sources for this species. However, the estimations of anthropogenic influence were largely dependent on assumptions required to model the different contributions of sources. The measurement of stable isotope signatures in various compartments revealed that, despite anthropogenic nutrients are readily incorporated into local food webs, a major influence of natural marine nutrient sources cannot be discarded.IEO, Plan nacional I+D+iPreprint2,277