Aproximación Psicosocial y de Género al Proyecto Migratorio de Mujeres

Despite a recent increase in both immigration to Spain, and studies on immigrants,research concerning women immigrants has two important biases that prevent correct explanations of the migration, as well as limiting suitable interventions. Firstly, most studies relate to the masculine migratory project. Secondly, the dominance of social, economic and political aspects in the analysis of migratory phenomena means that the macrosocial perspective has been the prevailing focus in the study of this topic.In this paper we adopt a psychosocial and gender based approach to analysis of thesituation of women immigrants. We emphasise the main psychosocial variables thatdefine their migratory project, since it is clear that they are strongly influenced bydifferent factors, linked directly with their women’s condition.In addition, in this paper, we outline some questions that should be considered infuture research in order to achieve a correct understanding of the feminine migratory phenomenon is to be reached, and so that future intervention may increase women immigrant’s satisfaction, quality of life and welfare.A pesar de la presencia cada vez más significativa de mujeres inmigrantes2 en España, se observa en la investigación sobre este tema dos sesgos importantes que impiden una correcta explicación del fenómeno migratorio y una adecuada intervención. En primer lugar, la mayoría de los estudios realizados están relacionados con el proyecto migratorio masculino. En segundo lugar, la importancia que adquieren los aspectos socioeconómicos y políticos en el análisis de los fenómenos migratorios ha hecho que haya sido la perspectiva macrosocial la que ha dominado esta área de estudio.En este artículo se intenta profundizar en el estudio de la mujer inmigrante desde una perspectiva psicosocial y de género, haciendo especial hincapié en las principales variables psicosociales que definen su proyecto migratorio y ubicando dicho proyecto en un enfoque de género, pues no cabe duda que éste se encuentra fuertemente modulado o mediatizado por una serie de factores que proceden directamente de su condición de mujer.Asimismo, en el presente artículo se esbozan algunas cuestiones que se podrían tener en cuenta en las futuras líneas de investigación para lograr una adecuada comprensión del fenómeno migratorio femenino y para dirigir la intervención hacia el incremento de la satisfacción, la calidad de vida y el bienestar de la mujer inmigrante

Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptorα Agonists Differentially Regulate Inhibitor of DNA Binding Expression in Rodents and Human Cells

Inhibitor of DNA binding (Id2) is a helix-loop-helix (HLH) transcription factor that participates in cell differentiation and proliferation. Id2 has been linked to the development of cardiovascular diseases since thiazolidinediones, antidiabetic agents and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma agonists, have been reported to diminish Id2 expression in human cells. We hypothesized that PPARα activators may also alter Id2 expression. Fenofibrate diminished hepatic Id2 expression in both late pregnant and unmated rats. In 24 hour fasted rats, Id2 expression was decreased under conditions known to activate PPARα. In order to determine whether the fibrate effects were mediated by PPARα, wild-type mice and PPARα-null mice were treated with Wy-14,643 (WY). WY reduced Id2 expression in wild-type mice without an effect in PPARα-null mice. In contrast, fenofibrate induced Id2 expression after 24 hours of treatment in human hepatocarcinoma cells (HepG2). MK-886, a PPARα antagonist, did not block fenofibrate-induced activation of Id2 expression, suggesting a PPARα-independent effect was involved. These findings confirm that Id2 is a gene responsive to PPARα agonists. Like other genes (apolipoprotein A-I, apolipoprotein A-V), the opposite directional transcriptional effect in rodents and a human cell line further emphasizes that PPARα agonists have different effects in rodents and humans

Chondroid Tumors: Review of Salient Imaging Features and Update on the WHO Classification

Chondrogenic tumors are typically well recognized on radiographs, but differentiation between benign and malignant cartilaginous lesions can be difficult both for the radiologist and for the pathologist. Diagnosis is based on a combination of clinical, radiological and histological findings. While treatment of benign lesions does not require surgery, the only curative treatment for chondrosarcoma is resection. This article (1) emphasizes the update of the WHO classification and its diagnostic and clinical effects; (2) describes the imaging features of the various types of cartilaginous tumors, highlighting findings that can help differentiate benign from malignant lesions; (3) presents differential diagnoses; and (4) provides pathologic correlation. We attempt to offer valuable clues in the approach to this vast entit

Radiografía de un castro de la Edad del Hierro: arqueología no invasiva en el asentamiento de Villasviejas del Tamuja (Botija, Cáceres)

The aim of this paper is to present the progress that has been made in the study of the hillfort of Villasviejas del Tamuja (Botija, in the province of Cáceres), based on a combination of non-destructive techniques. The possibility of cross-referencing the results obtained with different geophysical methods (magnetometry, georadar and electric tomography) raises the opportunity to formulate a reliable diagnosis on the spatial organization of this site. The most relevant results are described, and their contribution to a general interpretation of the urban structure and morphology of domestic spaces is analyzed. This information is contrasted with previously available excavation data and its framing is analysed within the existing knowledge on this type of settlements. In addition, elements of interest about the diachronic evolution of the site are added, which are relevant in relation to the hypotheses formulated about the impact of the Roman conquest. Ultimately, the potential of this type of research strategy for the study and revaluation of large and complex archaeological zones is considered.El objetivo de este trabajo es proporcionar un primer avance del estudio del castro de Villasviejas del Tamuja (Botija, provincia de Cáceres) a partir de la combinación de técnicas no destructivas. La posibilidad de cruzar los resultados obtenidos con diversos métodos geofísicos (magnetometría, georradar y tomografía eléctrica) plantea la oportunidad de formular un diagnóstico fiable sobre la organización espacial de este enclave.Se describen los resultados más relevantes, y se valora su aportación para una interpretación general de la estructura urbana y la morfología de los espacios domésticos. Esta información es contrastada con los datos de excavación previamente disponibles, y se analiza su encuadre dentro del conocimiento actualmente existente sobre este tipo de asentamientos. Asimismo, se añaden elementos de interés acerca de la evolución diacrónica del sitio, que son relevantes en relación con las hipótesis formuladas acerca del impacto de la conquista romana.En última instancia se pondera el potencial de este tipo de estrategias de investigación para el estudio y revalorización de zonas arqueológicas grandes y complejas

Non invasive exploration of a late republican fortified settlement in the mid Tagus valley. The site of Cerro de la Breña (Talaván, Cáceres)

En este trabajo se muestran los primeros resultados de una exploración del asentamiento fortificado del Cerro de la Breña (Talaván, Cáceres), principalmente mediante la combinación de una batería de sistemas de registro no invasivos (prospección geomagnética, georradar, tomografía eléctrica y LiDAR). Los resultados acreditan la existencia de un complejo sistema defensivo, que encerraría una trama urbana densa y regular. Estos datos son valorados a la luz del conocimiento previo que existía sobre el sitio, para así poder avanzar una lectura en términos históricos del sentido de este asentamiento. Este marco se define como un proceso de transformación de la estructura territorial del valle medio del Tajo (actual Alta Extremadura) a caballo entre el final de la Edad del Hierro y los primeros momentos de la dominación romana. Se valora en este sentido el contexto geográfico y la evidencia disponible sobre otros sitios arqueológicos del entorno. La propuesta de interpretación se orienta a considerar al Cerro de la Breña como un asentamiento directamente vinculado con la implantación romana entre finales del siglo II e inicios del siglo I a.C.This paper shows the first results of an exploration of the fortified settlement of Cerro de la Breña (Talaván, Cáceres), mainly through the combination of non-invasive methods (geomagnetic survey, GPR, electric tomography and Li- DAR). The results prove the existence of a complex defensive system, which would enclose a dense and regular urban layout. These data are valued in light of the previous knowledge about the site, in order to advance an interpretative proposal in functional and historical terms about this settlement. This framework is the process of transformation of the territorial structure of the middle Tagus valley (now Alta Extremadura) between the end of the Iron Age and the first moments of Roman domination. In this sense, the geographical context and the available evidence on other archaeological sites in the area are valued. The interpretation is oriented to consider Cerro de la Breña as a settlement directly linked to the Roman implantation between the end of the 2nd century and the beginning of the 1st century BC

Consumption of fried foods and risk of coronary heart disease: Spanish cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study

Objective To assess the association between consumption of fried foods and risk of coronary heart disease

Safety and vaccine-induced HIV-1 immune responses in healthy volunteers following a late MVA-B boost 4 years after the last immunization

Background: We have previously shown that an HIV vaccine regimen including three doses of HIV-modified vaccinia virus Ankara vector expressing HIV-1 antigens from clade B (MVA-B) was safe and elicited moderate and durable (1 year) T-cell and antibody responses in 75% and 95% of HIV-negative volunteers (n = 24), respectively (RISVAC02 study). Here, we describe the long-term durability of vaccine-induced responses and the safety and immunogenicity of an additional MVA-B boost. Methods: 13 volunteers from the RISVAC02 trial were recruited to receive a fourth dose of MVA-B 4 years after the last immunization. End-points were safety, cellular and humoral immune responses to HIV-1 and vector antigens assessed by ELISPOT, intracellular cytokine staining (ICS) and ELISA performed before and 2, 4 and 12 weeks after receiving the boost. Results: Volunteers reported 64 adverse events (AEs), although none was a vaccine-related serious AE. After 4 years from the 1st dose of the vaccine, only 2 volunteers maintained low HIV-specific T-cell responses. After the late MVA-B boost, a modest increase in IFN-γ T-cell responses, mainly directed against Env, was detected by ELISPOT in 5/13 (38%) volunteers. ICS confirmed similar results with 45% of volunteers showing that CD4+ T-cell responses were mainly directed against Env, whereas CD8+ T cell-responses were similarly distributed against Env, Gag and GPN. In terms of antibody responses, 23.1% of the vaccinees had detectable Env-specific binding antibodies 4 years after the last MVA-B immunization with a mean titer of 96.5. The late MVA-B boost significantly improved both the response rate (92.3%) and the magnitude of the systemic binding antibodies to gp120 (mean titer of 11460). HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies were also enhanced and detected in 77% of volunteers. Moreover, MVA vector-specific T cell and antibody responses were boosted in 80% and 100% of volunteers respectively. Conclusions: One boost of MVA-B four years after receiving 3 doses of the same vaccine was safe, induced moderate increases in HIV-specific T cell responses in 38% of volunteers but significantly boosted the binding and neutralizing antibody responses to HIV-1 and to the MVA vector

Villasviejas del Tamuja (Botija, Cáceres). Desvelamiento del paisaje urbano de un Castro de la Edad del Hierro

Editor: Victorino Mayoral Herrera.El objetivo de la presente monografía es dar a conocer a la comunidad científica y al conjunto de la ciudadanía, los resultados de las últimas investigaciones desarrolladas en el castro de Villasviejas del Tamuja (Botija, provincia de Cáceres). Se reúnen en ella las aportaciones de un amplio grupo de profesionales que han trabajado de manera coordinada durante tres años en este sitio arqueológico emblemático de la Protohistoria peninsular. Se trata, no obstante, del fruto de una colaboración científica mucho más larga, cuyos ejes temáticos responden a dos grandes líneas de investigación potenciadas desde el Instituto de Arqueología-Mérida (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Junta de Extremadura, IAM en lo sucesivo). Por un lado, el estudio de las comunidades de la Segunda Edad del Hierro y el impacto provocado por la conquista romana, con un especial énfasis en su dimensión territorial y socioeconómica. Por otro, la experimentación y aplicación de los métodos no destructivos en Arqueología, como una vía para obtener un conocimiento extensivo de las transformaciones en paisajes y asentamientos a través del tiempo.Esta monografía ha sido realizada dentro del proyecto de investigación Desarrollo de métodos de mínima invasión para la revalorización socio-cultural de zonas arqueológicas (Ref. IB16150) financiado por la Consejería de Economía, Comercio e Innovación de la Junta de Extremadura.Peer reviewe

A phase I randomized therapeutic MVA-B vaccination improves the magnitude and quality of the T cell immune responses in HIV-1-infected subjects on HAART

Trial Design Previous studies suggested that poxvirus-based vaccines might be instrumental in the therapeutic HIV field. A phase I clinical trial was conducted in HIV-1-infected patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), with CD4 T cell counts above 450 cells/mm3 and undetectable viremia. Thirty participants were randomized (2:1) to receive either 3 intramuscular injections of MVA-B vaccine (coding for clade B HIV-1 Env, Gag, Pol and Nef antigens) or placebo, followed by interruption of HAART. Methods The magnitude, breadth, quality and phenotype of the HIV-1-specific T cell response were assayed by intracellular cytokine staining (ICS) in 22 volunteers pre- and post-vaccination. Results MVA-B vaccine induced newly detected HIV-1-specific CD4 T cell responses and expanded pre-existing responses (mostly against Gag, Pol and Nef antigens) that were high in magnitude, broadly directed and showed an enhanced polyfunctionality with a T effector memory (TEM) phenotype, while maintaining the magnitude and quality of the pre-existing HIV-1- specific CD8 T cell responses. In addition, vaccination also triggered preferential CD8+ T cell polyfunctional responses to the MVA vector antigens that increase in magnitude after two and three booster doses

Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis

[Purpose]: The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. [Methods]: Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015.Patients were stratified into three age groups:<65 years,65 to 80 years,and ≥ 80 years.The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was calculated to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of the CCI to predict mortality risk. [Results]: A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327 < 65 years;1291 65-80 years;502 ≥ 80 years) were enrolled.Fever and heart failure were the most common presentations of IE, with no differences among age groups.Patients ≥80 years who underwent surgery were significantly lower compared with other age groups (14.3%,65 years; 20.5%,65-79 years; 31.3%,≥80 years). In-hospital mortality was lower in the <65-year group (20.3%,<65 years;30.1%,65-79 years;34.7%,≥80 years;p < 0.001) as well as 1-year mortality (3.2%, <65 years; 5.5%, 65-80 years;7.6%,≥80 years; p = 0.003).Independent predictors of mortality were age ≥ 80 years (hazard ratio [HR]:2.78;95% confidence interval [CI]:2.32–3.34), CCI ≥ 3 (HR:1.62; 95% CI:1.39–1.88),and non-performed surgery (HR:1.64;95% CI:11.16–1.58).When the three age groups were compared,the AUROC curve for CCI was significantly larger for patients aged <65 years(p < 0.001) for both in-hospital and 1-year mortality. [Conclusion]: There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age ≥ 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI),and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in the <65-year group