78 research outputs found

    A narrative review and expert recommendations on the assessment of the clinical manifestations, follow-up, and management of post-OLT patients with ATTRv amyloidosis

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    Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) was the first treatment able to modify the natural course of hereditary transthyretin (ATTRv) amyloidosis, which is a rare and fatal disorder caused by the accumulation of misfolded transthyretin (TTR) variants in different organs and tissues and which leads to a progressive and multisystem dysfunction. Because the liver is the main source of TTR, OLT dramatically reduces the production of the pathogenic TTR variant, which should prevent amyloid formation and halt disease progression. However, amyloidosis progression may occur after OLT due to wild-type TTR deposition, especially in the nerves and heart. In this review, we discuss the disease features influencing OLT outcomes and the clinical manifestations of ATTRv amyloidosis progression post-OLT to improve our understanding of disease worsening after OLT and optimize the follow-up and clinical management of these patients. By conducting a literature review on the PubMed database, we identified patient characteristics that have been associated with worse post-OLT outcomes, including late-onset V50M and non-V50M variants, age >40 years, long disease duration, advanced neuropathy and autonomic dysfunction, and malnutrition. Regarding post-OLT mortality, deaths occurring within the first year after OLT were mainly associated with fatal graft complications and infectious diseases, whereas cardiovascular-related deaths usually occurred later. Considering the diverse clinical manifestations of ATTRv amyloidosis progression post-OLT, including worsening neuropathy and/or cardiomyopathy, autonomic dysfunction, and oculoleptomeningeal involvement, we present advice on the most relevant tests for assessing disease progression post-OLT. Finally, we discuss the use of new therapies based on TTR stabilizers and TTR mRNA silencers for the treatment of ATTRv amyloidosis patients post-OLT

    Glucocorticoids Antagonize Ap-1 by Inhibiting the Activation/Phosphorylation of Jnk without Affecting Its Subcellular Distribution

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    The immunosuppressive and antiinflammatory actions of glucocorticoid hormones are mediated by their transrepression of activating protein-1 (AP-1) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NFÎșB) transcription factors. Inhibition of the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway, the main mediator of AP-1 activation, has been described in extracts of hormone-treated cells. Here, we show by confocal laser microscopy, enzymatic assays, and immunoblotting that the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone inhibited tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α)–induced phosphorylation and activation of JNK in the cytoplasm and nucleus of intact HeLa cells. As a result, c-Jun NH2-terminal domain phosphorylation and induction were impaired. Dexamethasone did not block the TNF-α–induced JNK nuclear translocation, but rather induced, per se, nuclear accumulation of the enzyme. Consistently with previous findings, a glucocorticoid receptor mutant (GRdim), which is deficient in dimerization, DNA binding, and transactivation, but retains AP-1 transrepressing activity, was as efficient as wild-type GR in mediating the same effects of dexamethasone on JNK in transfected Cos-7 cells. Our results show that glucocorticoids antagonize the TNF-α–induced activation of AP-1 by causing the accumulation of inactive JNK without affecting its subcellular distribution

    El Cuestionario de Experiencias Relacionadas con los Videojuegos (CERV) : un instrumento para detectar el uso problemåtico de videojuegos en adolescentes españoles

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    El objetivo del presente estudio es validar el Cuestionario de Experiencias Relacionadas con los Videojuegos (CERV). El cuestionario consta de 17 ítems, desarrollados a partir del CERI de Beranuy y cols., y valora el uso problemåtico de los videojuegos no masivos. Se ha validado para adolescentes que cursan estudios de secundaria obligatoria. Para la validación se ha realizado un anålisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC) y un anålisis de consistencia interna. La estructura factorial muestra dos factores a) Dependencia psicológica y uso para la evasión, y b) Consecuencias negativas del uso de videojuegos. Se ofrecen puntos de corte de la escala para sujetos sin problemas en el uso de videojuegos (SP), problemas potenciales en el uso de videojuegos (PP) y problemas severos en el uso de videojuegos (PS). Los resultados indican que se da una mayor prevalencia entre varones y que el uso problemåtico disminuye con la edad. El CERV parece ser un buen instrumento para el cribado de adolescentes con dificultades derivadas del uso de videojuegos. Estudios futuros deberían relacionar el uso problemåtico de videojuegos con dificultades en otros åmbitos de la vida, como el académicoThe aim of this study is to validate the Video Game-Related Experiences Questionnaire (CERV in Spanish). The questionnaire consists of 17 items, developed from the CERI (Internet-Related Experiences Questionnaire - Beranuy and cols.), and assesses the problematic use of non-massive video games. It was validated for adolescents in Compulsory Secondary Education. To validate the questionnaire, a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and an internal consistency analysis were carried out. The factor structure shows two factors: (a) Psychological dependence and use for evasion; and (b) Negative consequences of using video games. Two cut-off points were established for people with no problems in their use of video games (NP), with potential problems in their use of video games (PP), and with serious problems in their use of video games (SP). Results show that there is higher prevalence among males and that problematic use decreases with age. The CERV seems to be a good instrument for the screening of adolescents with difficulties deriving from video game use. Further research should relate problematic video game use with difficulties in other life domains, such as the academic fiel

    High prevalence of strongyloidiasis in spain : A hospital-based study

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    Strongyloidiasis is a prevailing helminth infection ubiquitous in tropical and subtropical areas, however, seroprevalence data are scarce in migrant populations, particularly for those coming for Asia. This study aims at evaluating the prevalence of S. stercoralis at the hospital level in migrant populations or long term travellers being attended in out-patient and in-patient units as part of a systematic screening implemented in six Spanish hospitals. A cross-sectional study was conducted and systematic screening for S. stercoralis infection using serological tests was offered to all eligible participants. The overall seroprevalence of S. stercoralis was 9.04% (95%CI 7.76-10.31). The seroprevalence of people with a risk of infection acquired in Africa and Latin America was 9.35% (95%CI 7.01-11.69), 9.22% (7.5-10.93), respectively. The number of individuals coming from Asian countries was significantly smaller and the overall prevalence in these countries was 2.9% (95%CI −0.3-6.2). The seroprevalence in units attending potentially immunosuppressed patients was significantly lower (5.64%) compared with other units of the hospital (10.20%) or Tropical diseases units (13.33%) (p < 0.001). We report a hospital-based strongyloidiasis seroprevalence of almost 10% in a mobile population coming from endemic areas suggesting the need of implementing strongyloidiasis screening in hospitalized patients coming from endemic areas, particularly if they are at risk of immunosuppression

    Colectivos vulnerables en la Universidad. : ReflexiĂłn y propuestas para la intervenciĂłn

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    Las aportaciones que componen esta publicación se enmarcan en el Proyecto europeo ACCEDES El acceso y éxito académico de colectivos vulnerables en entornos de riesgo en Latinoamérica (DCI-ALA/2011/232), coordinado desde el Equipo de Desarrollo Organizacional de la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona y en el que participan activamente mås de 30 instituciones de los åmbitos Europeo y Latinoamericano.El acceso y permanencia en la universidad no ofrece, hoy por hoy, las mismas oportunidades a todos los ciudadanos que estån en condiciones de realizar estudios superiores. Razones económicas, culturales, sociales o de género castigan de una manera significativa a determinados colectivos, que ven mermadas sus posibilidades de realización y de promoción personal y social. La presente aportación presenta reflexiones sobre la inclusión de colectivos vulnerables en la universidad, indicaciones para planificar y guiar procesos dirigidos a su atención y un conjunto de estrategias de orientación y tutoría que facilitan la intervención. Se trata así de apoyar el desarrollo de una universidad cuya misión y objetivos se orientan a promover la inclusión de todos sus estudiantes. El Proyecto ACCEDES (http://projectes.uab.cat/accedes/), financiado por la Unión Europea, contribuye así a alcanzar el segundo de sus objetivos específicos previstos: "Contribuir al desarrollo organizacional de las instituciones de educación superior en la aplicación de las acciones de mejora en el acceso, excelencia académica y fase de egreso"

    Limitations in predicting PAM50 intrinsic subtype and risk of relapse score with Ki67 in estrogen receptor-positive HER2-negative breast cancer

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    PAM50/Prosigna gene expression-based assay identifies three categorical risk of relapse groups (ROR-low, ROR-intermediate and ROR-high) in post-menopausal patients with estrogen receptor estrogen receptor-positive (ER+)/ HER2-negative (HER2-) early breast cancer. Low risk patients might not need adjuvant chemotherapy since their risk of distant relapse at 10-years is below 10% with endocrine therapy only. In this study, 517 consecutive patients with ER+/HER2- and node-negative disease were evaluated for Ki67 and Prosigna. Most of Luminal A tumors (65.6%) and ROR-low tumors (70.9%) had low Ki67 values (0-10%); however, the percentage of patients with ROR-medium or ROR-high disease within the Ki67 0-10% group was 42.7% (with tumor sizes ≀2 cm) and 33.9% (with tumor sizes > 2 cm). Finally, we found that the optimal Ki67 cutoff for identifying Luminal A or ROR-low tumors was 14%. Ki67 as a surrogate biomarker in identifying Prosigna low-risk outcome patients or Luminal A disease in the clinical setting is unreliable. In the absence of a well-validated prognostic gene expression-based assay, the optimal Ki67 cutoff for identifying low-risk outcome patients or Luminal A disease remains at 14%

    Col·leccions singulars a les biblioteques de la Universitat AutĂČnoma de Barcelona

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    Les biblioteques de la Universitat AutĂČnoma de Barcelona sĂłn, com la mateixa instituciĂł, entitats amb una histĂČria curta; perĂČ, malgrat que van començar la seva activitat fa menys de cinquanta anys, els seus fons han assolit una importĂ ncia considerable i superen en quantitat els de moltes universitats centenĂ ries del nostre context. Les col·leccions de fons antics de les biblioteques de la UAB sĂłn, per aquesta mateixa raĂł, limitades, si bĂ© se n'han anat creant algunes d'especialitzades d'importĂ ncia i valor singulars. Aquest llibre pretĂ©n donar-les a conĂšixer al mĂłn universitari, perĂČ tambĂ© al pĂșblic en general. Moltes sĂłn col·leccions Ășniques, fruit del treball persistent del personal bibliotecari, del professorat i de la generositat de moltes persones particulars, que han donat o llegat a la nostra universitat els seus arxius, les seves biblioteques personals o les seves col·leccions especialitzades. Aquestes col·leccions comprenen molts Ă mbits de les ciĂšncies i de les humanitats i, molt sovint, es tracta de col·leccions Ășniques al nostre paĂ­s. Hi trobareu tambĂ© un ampli ventall de tipologies documentals en llengĂŒes diverses, des dels mapes ïŹns als audiovisuals, des de les revistes i diaris ïŹns als cartells, des dels fons antics ïŹns als mĂ©s actuals, arxius personals i fons institucionals. Les biblioteques de la Universitat, a mĂ©s d'inventariar i catalogar aquests fons documentals, tambĂ© porten a terme una tasca constant de preservaciĂł i difusiĂł, que sovint inclou la digitalitzaciĂł dels documents, que desprĂ©s es posen a l'abast del pĂșblic general mitjançant el dipĂČsit digital institucional (ddd.uab.cat)

    ICO-ICS Praxis para el tratamiento médico y con irradiación del linfoma B difuso de célula grande

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    Tractament mĂšdic; Tractament amb irradiaciĂł; Limfoma B difĂșs de cĂšl·lula granMedical treatment; Irradiation treatment; Diffuse large cell B lymphomaTratamiento mĂ©dico; Tratamiento con irradiaciĂłn; Linfoma B difuso de cĂ©lula grandeEls limfomes no hodgkinians (LNH) sĂłn neoplĂ sies originades en cĂšl·lules limfoides en diferents estats maduratius, la qual cosa explica la gran heterogeneĂŻtat biolĂČgica i clĂ­nica d’aquests tumors. Hi ha diversos sistemes de classificaciĂł, perĂČ el mĂ©s utilitzat Ă©s la ClassificaciĂł euroamericana revisada de limfomes de l'OrganitzaciĂł Mundial de la Salut. El limfoma B difĂșs de cĂšl·lula gran suposa aproximadament entre el 30-40% dels limfomes dels adults. Habitualment afecta adults amb una edat mitjana superior a 60 anys i el 60% dels pacients presenten els anomenats sĂ­mptomes B (febre de 38 ÂșC o mĂ©s, pĂšrdua de pes de mĂ©s del 10% i/o sudoraciĂł nocturna. La majoria de casos sĂłn formes de novo perĂČ tambĂ© poden ser deguts a la progressiĂł o transformaciĂł d’una malaltia limfoproliferativa prĂšvia. Els objectius d'aquest document sĂłn: Desenvolupar, difondre, implementar i avaluar resultats de la ICO-ICSPraxi del limfoma B difĂșs de cĂšl·lula gran. - Disminuir la variabilitat terapĂšutica entre els pacients tractats als diferents centres d'aquesta instituciĂł. - Implementar els resultats de la terapĂšutica en els pacients amb limfoma B difĂșs de cĂšl·lula gran tractats d’acord amb les recomanacions d’aquesta guia

    ICO-ICS Praxis para el tratamiento mĂ©dico y con irradiaciĂłn del mieloma mĂșltiple

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    Tractament mĂšdic; Tractament amb irradiaciĂł; Mieloma mĂșltipleMedical treatment; Irradiation treatment; Multiple myelomaTratamiento mĂ©dico; Tratamiento con irradiaciĂłn; Mieloma mĂșltipleEl mieloma mĂșltiple (MM) Ă©s una neoplĂ sia de cĂšl·lules plasmĂ tiques que representa al voltant de l’1% del total de neoplĂ sies i el 10% de les neoplĂ sies hematolĂČgiques. TĂ© una incidĂšncia aproximada de 4-5 nous casos/100.000 habitants/any i presenta una incidĂšncia mĂ xima entre els 70 i 75 anys d’edat. Un 35% dels afectats tĂ© menys de 65 anys. Els objectius d'aquesta guia sĂłn: desenvolupar i difondre la ICO-ICSPraxi per al tractament del mieloma mĂșltiple; disminuir la variabilitat terapĂšutica entre els pacients tractats en els diferents centres d’aquesta instituciĂł; implementar i avaluar els resultats de la terapĂšutica en els pacients amb mieloma mĂșltiple tractats d’acord amb les recomanacions d’aquesta guia
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