Cycloidal Domains in the Magnetization Reversal Process of Ni80Fe20/Nd16Co84/Gd12Co88 Trilayers

The magnetization reversal of each individual layer in magnetic trilayers ( permalloy / Nd Co / Gd Co ) is investigated in detail with x-ray microscopy and micromagnetic calculations. Two sequential inversion mechanisms are identified. First, magnetic vortex-antivortex pairs move along the field direction while inverting the magnetization of magnetic stripes until they are pinned by defects. The vortex-antivortex displacements are reversible within a field interval which allows their controlled motion. Second, as the reversed magnetic field increases, cycloidal domains appear in the permalloy layer as a consequence of the dissociation of vortex-antivortex pairs due to pinning. The field range where magnetic vortices and antivortices are effectively guided by the stripe pattern is of the order of tens of mT for the Ni Fe layer, as estimated from the stability of cycloid domains in the sample

Las Aquaporinas: Estructura e importancia en la Biomedicina.

Durante mucho tiempo la capacidad que tienen las membranas para transportar el agua se consideró un misterio. Múltiples evidencias apuntaban a favor de la existencia de canales acuosos. Sin embargo, no fue hasta hace alrededor de diez años que se demostró su presencia en las membranas plasmáticas. La identificación del primer canal, así como otros relacionados, permitió agruparlos en una familia de proteínas denominadas Aquaporinas que se encuentran en las membranas celulares de todas las células. Diversas enfermedades se encuentran relacionadas con el déficit y la sobreexpresión de estas estructuras entre las que se encuentra la Diabetes Nefrogénica Insípida. Nos proponemos en este trabajo, dar a conocer las características estructurales del primer canal de agua identificado, así como la importancia de estos canales en la Biomedicina. Palabras claves: aquaporinas, transporte de agua, canal acuoso, CHIP-28</p

α-hemolisina de <i>Escherichia coli</i>: Prototipo de las toxinas RTX (<i>repeat in toxin</i>) : Un estudio de las etapas de su mecanismo de acción

Escherichia coli es una de las bacterias anaerobias facultativas más predominantes en el intestino, siendo en la mayoría de los casos, inocua para el huésped. Sin embargo, existen cepas que alcanzan al torrente sanguíneo lo que ocasiona enfermedades extraintestinales como infecciones urinarias, septicemia y meningitis. Dentro de éstas se encuentran las cepas uropatogénicas (Uropathogenic Escherichia coli: UPEC), que secretan varios factores de virulencia que incluyen: toxinas, sistemas de adquisición de hierro, adhesinas y antígenos capsulares. Las principales toxinas secretadas son: alfa-hemolisina (HlyA) y el factor necrotizante citotóxico 1 (CNF-1). En esta revisión se presenta una descripción del estudio de las diferentes etapas de su mecanismo de acción poniendo énfasis en la presentación de resultados obtenidos mediante el uso de novedosas metodologías, como la Resonancia de Plasmones Superficiales (SPR), la Microscopía de Fuerza Atómica (AFM), la Transferencia de Energía Resonante de Fluorescencia (FRET) y las Bicapas Lipídicas Planas (BLM).Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La PlataFacultad de Ciencias Exacta

Obesity and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors : from Childhood to Adulthood

Obesity has become a major epidemic in the 21st century. It increases the risk of dyslipidemia, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes, which are known cardiometabolic risk factors and components of the metabolic syndrome. Although overt cardiovascular (CV) diseases such as stroke or myocardial infarction are the domain of adulthood, it is evident that the CV continuum begins very early in life. Recognition of risk factors and early stages of CV damage, at a time when these processes are still reversible, and the development of prevention strategies are major pillars in reducing CV morbidity and mortality in the general population. In this review, we will discuss the role of well-known but also novel risk factors linking obesity and increased CV risk from prenatal age to adulthood, including the role of perinatal factors, diet, nutrigenomics, and nutri-epigenetics, hyperuricemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and cardiorespiratory fitness. The importance of 'tracking' of these risk factors on adult CV health is highlighted and the economic impact of childhood obesity as well as preventive strategies are discussed

Obesity and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors : from Childhood to Adulthood

Obesity has become a major epidemic in the 21st century. It increases the risk of dyslipidemia, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes, which are known cardiometabolic risk factors and components of the metabolic syndrome. Although overt cardiovascular (CV) diseases such as stroke or myocardial infarction are the domain of adulthood, it is evident that the CV continuum begins very early in life. Recognition of risk factors and early stages of CV damage, at a time when these processes are still reversible, and the development of prevention strategies are major pillars in reducing CV morbidity and mortality in the general population. In this review, we will discuss the role of well-known but also novel risk factors linking obesity and increased CV risk from prenatal age to adulthood, including the role of perinatal factors, diet, nutrigenomics, and nutri-epigenetics, hyperuricemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and cardiorespiratory fitness. The importance of 'tracking' of these risk factors on adult CV health is highlighted and the economic impact of childhood obesity as well as preventive strategies are discussed

Assessing alcohol consumption through wastewater-based epidemiology: Spain as a case study

Background In this study, an alternative and complementary method to those approaches currently used to estimate alcohol consumption by the population is described. This method, known as wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE), allows back-calculating the alcohol consumption rate in a given population from the concentrations of a selected biomarker measured in wastewater. Methods Composite (24-h) wastewater samples were collected at the inlet of 17 wastewater treatment plants located in 13 Spanish cities for seven consecutive days in 2018. The sampled area covered 12.8% of the Spanish population. Wastewater samples were analyzed to determine the concentration of ethyl sulfate, the biomarker used to back-calculate alcohol consumption. Results Alcohol consumption ranged from 4.5 to 46 mL/day/inhabitant. Differences in consumption were statistically significant among the investigated cities and between weekdays and weekends. WBE-derived estimates of alcohol consumption were comparable to those reported by its corresponding region in the Spanish National Health Survey in most cases. At the national level, comparable results were obtained between the WBE-derived annual consumption rate (5.7 ± 1.2 L ethanol per capita (aged 15+)) and that reported by the National Health Survey (4.7 L ethanol per capita (aged 15+)). Conclusions This is the largest WBE study carried out to date in Spain to estimate alcohol consumption rates. It confirms that this approach is useful for establishing spatial and temporal patterns of alcohol consumption, which could contribute to the development of health care management plans and policies. Contrary to established methods, it allows obtaining information in a fast and relatively economical wayThis work has been supported by the Spanish State Research Agency (AEI) (This work has been supported by the Spanish State Research Agency , CTM2017-84763-C3-1-R, CTM2017-84763-C3-3-R and CTM2017-84763-C3-2-R), Generalitat de Catalunya (expedient number SA-2018-780 and Consolidated Research Group 2017 SGR 01404-Water and Soil Quality Unit), and Galician Council of Culture, Education and Universities (ED481D 2017/003 and EM2014/004). Several of these projects are cofounded by the European Regional Development FundS

Evaluation of the COVID-19 response in Spain: principles and requirements

A resurgence of COVID-19 infections is occurring in Spain, with some of the worst figures in Europe. In August, 2020, we urged the Spanish Central Government and regional governments to independently evaluate their COVID-19 response to identify areas where public health and the health and social care system need to be improved

Recommendations for the Clinical Approach to Immune Thrombocytopenia: Spanish ITP Working Group (GEPTI)

© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a complex autoimmune disease whose hallmark is a deregulation of cellular and humoral immunity leading to increased destruction and reduced production of platelets. The heterogeneity of presentation and clinical course hampers personalized approaches for diagnosis and management. In 2021, the Spanish ITP Group (GEPTI) of the Spanish Society of Hematology and Hemotherapy (SEHH) updated a consensus document that had been launched in 2011. The updated guidelines have been the reference for the diagnosis and management of primary ITP in Spain ever since. Nevertheless, the emergence of new tools and strategies makes it advisable to review them again. For this reason, we have updated the main recommendations appropriately. Our aim is to provide a practical tool to facilitate the integral management of all aspects of primary ITP management.Peer reviewe