Condições higiênico-sanitárias de unidades produtoras de refeições comerciais localizadas no entorno da Universidade Federal de Sergipe

Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar as condições higiênico-sanitárias de unidades produtoras de refeições (UPRs) localizadas próximas à Universidade Federal de Sergipe. Para avaliação, uma lista de verificação (check-list) com 92 subitens foi utilizada como ferramenta, de acordo com a resolução RDC no 275 do Ministério da Saúde de 2002. O check-list foi aplicado a dezesseis UPRs. Os estabelecimentos foram classificados de acordo com o percentual de subitens atendidos: Grupo 1 (76 a 100% de adequações), Grupo 2 (51 a 75% de adequações) e Grupo 3 (0 a 50% de adequações). A maioria (62,5%) dos estabelecimentos foi enquadrado no Grupo 3, sendo considerados insatisfatórios para produção de alimentos seguros, podendo colocar em riscos a saúde dos consumidores. As inadequações mais frequentes foram encontradas nos itens: edificação e instalações, manipuladores e documentação. Dessa forma, as informações verificadas nas 16 UPRs com aplicação do check-list irão servir de base para melhorar as políticas públicas no que se referem ao consumo de alimentos seguros, além de orientar a vigilância sanitária municipal e consumidores quanto às condições higiênico-sanitárias das UPRs próximas a Universidade Federal de Sergipe

Importância da enfermagem na resolução da superlotação hospitalar visando à qualidade e a segurança do paciente / Importance of nursing in solving hospital overcrowding aiming at quality and patient safety

Objetivo: Descrever as principais causas da superlotação dos serviços de emergência (SEH) ofertados pelo Hospital de Urgência de Sergipe (HUSE), avaliando a importância da enfermagem na sua resolução e na segurança do paciente. Métodos: Estudo observacional, qualitativo e quantitativo, envolvendo pacientes atendidos no setor de emergência do HUSE, onde avaliou-se o método de classificação de risco de Manchester. Foram estimadas curvas de sobrevivência de Kaplan-Meier, comparadas pelo teste Log-Rank e teste de Log-Rank com correção de Bonferroni. Foram estimadas Razões de Risco brutas e ajustadas pela regressão de Cox. O nível de significância foi de 5%. Resultados: Foram acompanhados 517 pacientes, predominando sexo feminino (58,2%) com idade entre 18 e 40 anos. Pode-se destacar, como causa da SEH no HUSE, a procura inapropriada dos serviços de urgência e emergência, problemas decorrentes da desproporcionalidade de profissionais, falhas na infraestrutura, disponibilidade de materiais necessários, falta de protocolos assistenciais direcionando o atendimento padronizado. Conclusão: Os enfermeiros devem ser capacitados para gerenciar a utilização de instrumentos, voltados para a segurança do paciente, tendo em vista uma garantia de qualidade do serviço e redução de riscos

Elemental composition of vegetables cultivated over coal-mining waste

We assessed elemental composition of the liver in mice subjected to one-time or chronic consumption of the juice of vegetables cultivated in a vegetable garden built over deposits of coal waste. Lactuca sativa L. (lettuce), Beta vulgaris L. (beet), Brassica oleracea L. var. italica (broccoli) and Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala (kale) were collected from the coal-mining area and from a certified organic farm (control). Elemental composition was analyzed by particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) method. Concentrations of Mg, S, and Ca of mice subjected to one-time consumption of broccoli and concentrations of these same elements plus Si of mice receiving kale were higher in the coal-mining area. Concentrations of P, K, and Cu were increase after chronic consumption of lettuce from the coal-mining area, whereas the levels of Si, P, K, Fe, and Zn were higher in the group consuming kale from the coal-mining area. Our data suggests that people consuming vegetables grown over coal wastes may ingest significant amounts of chemical elements that pose a risk to health, since these plants contain both essential and toxic metals in a wide range of concentrations, which can do more harm than good

PERSPECTIVAS AGROECOLÓGICAS NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DE UMA COMUNIDADE RURAL: O CASO DE CERRO PELADO/URUGUAI

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/223611708648This study proposes an analysis of rural development community with reference to empirical rural locality of CerroPelado located in Uruguay. The main objective is to analyze the perspective of socio-environmental relationsagroecological community Cerro Pelado. For the research methods used were direct observation, field journal,literature review and semi structured interviews. Analyses of agroecology focus efforts on community dimension inwhich they operate farmers, ie the sociocultural reality that provides an intellectual and political praxis of localidentity and its network of social relations. Cerro Pelado is shown integrated with pampa, resists modernizationprocess through the enhancement of their local culture and its countryside. The integration to the pampa is observedthrough the modes of production of farmers using cattle breeding as their main activity, thus revealing his identitygaucha.http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/223611708648Nesse estudo propôs uma análise do desenvolvimento rural comunitário, tomando como referência empírica a localidade rural de Cerro Pelado localizada no Uruguai. O objetivo central é analisar sob a perspectiva agroecológica as relações socioambientais da comunidade de Cerro Pelado. Para a pesquisa foram utilizados métodos de observação direta, diário de campo, revisão bibliográfica e entrevistas semiestruturadas. As análises da agroecologia concentram esforços na dimensão comunitária em que se inserem os agricultores, isto é, a realidade sociocultural que proporciona uma práxis intelectual e política da identidade local e de sua rede de relações sociais. Cerro Pelado mostra-se integrado ao pampa, resiste ao processo de modernização através da valorização de sua cultura local e sua paisagem campestre. A integração ao pampa se observa através dos modos de produção dos agricultores familiares que utilizam a criação do gado como principal atividade, evidenciando assim sua identidade gaúcha.

O trabalho da enfermagem em um serviço de controle de infecção hospitalar (SCIH): relato de experiência / The work of nursing in a hospital infection control service (SCIH): experience report

As infecções relacionadas à assistência à saúde (IRAS) representam um grande problema de saúde pública no Brasil e no mundo. Por isso, um dos campos que a enfermagem trabalha é no SCIH, realizando ações importantes para o combate de IRAS. Sendo assim, o artigo tem por objetivo relatar a experiência de acadêmicos de enfermagem da Universidade da Amazônia (UNAMA) em um SCIH de um hospital particular de Belém, Pará. Este estudo é descritivo com abordagem qualitativa, do tipo relato de experiência. Durante a experiência, notou-se a importância que a enfermagem possui no controle e prevenção das IRAS. De uma forma geral, percebeu-se a influência que um SCIH tem quando relacionado a qualidade do serviço do hospital, haja vista que, os profissionais seguem as normas estabelecidas, e isso influencia diretamente na segurança do paciente e do próprio trabalhador, trazendo benefícios para o paciente, colaboradores e serviços de saúde

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults

Background Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI <18·5 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). For schoolaged children and adolescents, we report thinness (BMI <2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference) and obesity (BMI >2 SD above the median). Findings From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining underweight or thinness. Interpretation The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesit