Living on the Edge: Settlement Patterns by the Symbiotic Barnacle \u3cem\u3eXenobalanus globicipitis\u3c/em\u3e on Small Cetaceans

The highly specialized coronulid barnacle Xenobalanus globicipitis attaches exclusively on cetaceans worldwide, but little is known about the factors that drive the microhabitat patterns on its hosts. We investigate this issue based on data on occurrence, abundance, distribution, orientation, and size of X. globicipitis collected from 242 striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) that were stranded along the Mediterranean coast of Spain. Barnacles exclusively infested the fins, particularly along the trailing edge. Occurrence, abundance, and density of X. globicipitis were significantly higher, and barnacles were significantly larger, on the caudal fin than on the flippers and dorsal fin. Barnacles were found more frequently and in greater numbers on the dorsal rather than ventral side of the caudal fin and on the central third of dorsal and ventral fluke surfaces. Nearly all examined individuals attached with their cirral fan oriented opposite to the fluke edge. We suggest that X. globicipitis may chemically recognize dolphins as a substratum, but fins, particularly the flukes, are passively selected because of creation of vortices that increase contact of cyprids with skin and early survival of these larvae at the corresponding sites. Cyprids could actively select the trailing edge and orient with the cirri facing the main direction of flow. Attachment on the dorsal side of the flukes is likely associated with asymmetrical oscillation of the caudal fin, and the main presence on the central segment of the flukes could be related to suitable water flow conditions generated by fluke performance for both settlement and nutrient filtration

I know people who can and who cannot: A measure of the perception of economic inequality in everyday life

Versión preprintThis paper describes the development of the Perceived Economic Inequality in Everyday Life (PEIEL) scale. It is written and validated in Spanish. We first carried out an exploratory study, using a sample of 205 participants (52.2% men and 47.8% women; age: M = 24.69, SD = 8.95). We then conducted a confirmatory study with a sample size of 215 individuals (43.7% men and 56.3% women; age: M = 23.83, SD = 6.46). Results showed that the PEIEL scale is a valid and reliable unidimensional instrument. This scale negatively predicted tolerance of economic inequality over and above perceived inequality measured by wage gap estimates. In addition, perceived economic inequality in everyday life was negatively associated with tolerance of inequality, particularly in individuals with right-wing political ideology.Universidad de Costa Rica/[OAICE-006-2017]/UCR/Costa RicaUCR::Sedes Regionales::Sede de Occident

El Estado en América Latina: continuidades y rupturas

Comprender el límite estructural que determina la existencia de todo Estado capitalista como instancia de dominación territorialmente acotada es un paso necesario, pero no suficiente para entender su funcionamiento. Por eso hace falta avanzar en determinaciones más concretas, en tiempo y espacio, para entender la multiplicidad de expresiones que adoptan los Estados nacionales particulares, que no son inocuas ni irrelevantes para la práctica social y política. Porque sigue siendo en el marco de realidades específicas donde se sitúan y expresan las relaciones de fuerza que determinan formas de materialidad estatal que tienen consecuencias fundamentales sobre las condiciones y calidad de vida de los pueblos.Índice Introducción 7 Primera parte Miradas sobre la(s) especificidad(es) del Estado en América Latina ¿Cómo aproximarnos al Estado en América Latina? Víctor Manuel Moncayo C. La estatalidad latinoamericana revisitada. Reflexiones e hipótesis alrededor del problema del poder político y las transiciones Mabel Thwaites Rey y Hernán Ouviña El Leviatán criollo Elementos para el análisis de la especificidad del Estado en América Latina Martín Cortés El Estado en la región. La conflictiva discusión de alternativas teóricas María Susana Bonetto Revoluciones pasivas en América Latina Una aproximación gramsciana a la caracterización de los gobiernos progresistas de inicio del siglo Massimo Modonesi Segunda parte El Estado neoliberal: continuidades en crisis Notas sobre la crisis del Estado en México Guillermo Almeyra Estado, dominación, hegemonía y crisis política en la sociedad neoliberal, Chile 1973-2012 Juan Carlos Gómez Leyton La evolución del Estado en El Salvador durante el siglo XX: el giro neoliberal y las continuidades clasistas Carlos Velásquez Carrillo Tercera parte Estados en disputa: contradicciones y tensiones El estado del Estado en la Argentina despues de 2001. Continuidades y rupturas Beatriz Rajland La crisis del Estado neoliberal en la Argentina Alberto Bonnet ¿Estado desarrollista de bienestar o construcción de la izquierda del Estado neoliberal? Los gobiernos del Frente Amplio de Uruguay Pedro Narbondo Cuarta parte Construyendo nuevos Estados en América Latina Reconfiguraciones estatales en Ecuador: 1990-2011 Franklin Ramírez Gallegos Estado plurinacional y nueva fase del proceso boliviano Jorge Viaña Venezuela: la revolución mágica Juan Carlos Moneder

Zika virus infection enhances future risk of severe dengue disease

The Zika pandemic sparked intense interest in whether immune interactions among dengue virus serotypes 1 to 4 (DENV1 to -4) extend to the closely related Zika virus (ZIKV). We investigated prospective pediatric cohorts in Nicaragua that experienced sequential DENV1 to -3 (2004 to 2015), Zika (2016 to 2017), and DENV2 (2018 to 2020) epidemics. Risk of symptomatic DENV2 infection and severe disease was elevated by one prior ZIKV infection, one prior DENV infection, or one prior DENV infection followed by one ZIKV infection, compared with being flavivirus-naïve. By contrast, multiple prior DENV infections reduced dengue risk. Further, although high preexisting anti-DENV antibody titers protected against DENV1, DENV3, and ZIKV disease, intermediate titers induced by previous ZIKV or DENV infection enhanced future risk of DENV2 disease and severity, as well as DENV3 severity. The observation that prior ZIKV infection can modulate dengue disease severity like a DENV serotype poses challenges to development of dengue and Zika vaccines

Figure 9 from: Arteaga A, Salazar-Valenzuela D, Mebert K, Peñafiel N, Aguiar G, Sánchez-Nivicela JC, Pyron RA, Colston TJ, Cisneros-Heredia DF, Yánez-Muñoz MH, Venegas PJ, Guayasamin JM, Torres-Carvajal O (2018) Systematics of South American snail-eating snakes (Serpentes, Dipsadini), with the description of five new species from Ecuador and Peru. ZooKeys 766: 79-147. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.766.24523

A molecular phylogeny of the Neotropical snail-eating snakes (tribe Dipsadini) is presented including 43 (24 for the first time) of the 77 species, sampled for both nuclear and mitochondrial genes. Morphological and phylogenetic support was found for four new species of Dipsas and one of Sibon, which are described here based on their unique combination of molecular, meristic, and color pattern characteristics. Sibynomorphus is designated as a junior subjective synonym of Dipsas. Dipsas latifrontalis and D. palmeri are resurrected from the synonymy of D. peruana. Dipsas latifasciata is transferred from the synonymy of D. peruana to the synonymy of D. palmeri. A new name, D. jamespetersi, is erected for the taxon currently known as Sibynomorphus petersi. Re-descriptions of D. latifrontalis and D. peruana are presented, as well as the first photographic voucher of an adult specimen of D. latifrontalis, along with photographs of all known Ecuadorian Dipsadini species. The first country record of D. variegata in Ecuador is provided and D. oligozonata removed from the list of Peruvian herpetofauna. With these changes, the number of Dipsadini reported in Ecuador increases to 22, 18 species of Dipsas and four of Sibon