Formes d'innovation des sous-traitants des filières automobile, plasturgie et microtechnique franc-comtoises

C es dernières années sont marquées par un essor important de la sous-traitance, de la co-traitance, des collaborations, des alliances entre les entreprises. " L'entreprise en réseau " est devenue la forme organisationnelle dominante, la mieux adaptée dans une économie fortement concurrentielle. Malgré cela, on sait peu de choses sur la façon dont les industries sous-traitantes régionales s'adaptent à l'évolution des marchés. Une enquête réalisée en 2008 par le laboratoire ThéMA/CEREQ dans le cadre d'une étude faite par la MSHE C.N. Ledoux pour le Secrétariat général aux affaires régionales de Franche-Comté apporte des éclairages intéressants

La mobilité internationale des jeunes avec moins d'opportunité: retour d'expérience

International audienc

European exchanges with Erasmus...: Increasing university teachers' mobility to promote students' exchanges

National audienceThe Erasmus student exchange programme created 20 years ago is completely in line with the knowledge economy model adopted in Lisbon in March 2000, according to which Europe is expected to become "the world's most competitive and dynamic knowledge economy" between now and the year 2010. Despite the incitements proposed in the European Union's policies, the undeniable popularity of the programme and the increasing numbers of students participating in exchange schemes, the initial objectives are far from having been met. University lecturers have also been taking very little advantage of European mobility programmes. Now at both European and national levels, students' mobility has been found to be correlated with that of their tutors. In view of this link, the teachers should surely be incited to become more mobile in order to promote greater numbers of exchanges between students

International mobility for young people with fewer opportunities: a project evaluation

National audienc

L'industrie microtechnique en Franche-Comté : un système productif complexe en cours de structuration territoriale

Cet article fait le point sur près de quatre décennies d’existence et d’évolution de l’industrie microtechnique en Franche-Comté. Le cas de la reconversion des espaces horlogers français, véritables districts industriels en crise et le développement territorial autour des microtechniques fournissent des éclairages précieux sur les difficultés de structuration territoriale d’une industrie malgré la pression de politiques volontaristes.This article reviews nearly four decades of change in the microtechnical industry of Franche-Comté. The case of the reconversion of French clockmakers, industrial districts in real crisis and territorial development around microtechnical industries, sheds invaluable light on the difficulties of restructuring an industry, despite the pressure of voluntary politics.Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die nahezu vier Jahrzehnte dauernde Entwicklung der Mikrotechnik-Industrie in der Franche-Comté. Der Fall der Umgestaltung der französischen Uhrenrindustrie-Region, einem Industriedistrikt in der Krise, und die territoriale Entwicklung rund um die Mikrotechnik erklären, welchen Schwierigkeiten regionale Strukturationsprozesse trotz gezielter Wirtschaftspolitik ausgesetzt sind

L'industrie microtechnique en Franche-Comté : un système productif complexe en cours de structuration territoriale

Cet article fait le point sur près de quatre décennies d’existence et d’évolution de l’industrie microtechnique en Franche-Comté. Le cas de la reconversion des espaces horlogers français, véritables districts industriels en crise et le développement territorial autour des microtechniques fournissent des éclairages précieux sur les difficultés de structuration territoriale d’une industrie malgré la pression de politiques volontaristes.This article reviews nearly four decades of change in the microtechnical industry of Franche-Comté. The case of the reconversion of French clockmakers, industrial districts in real crisis and territorial development around microtechnical industries, sheds invaluable light on the difficulties of restructuring an industry, despite the pressure of voluntary politics.Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die nahezu vier Jahrzehnte dauernde Entwicklung der Mikrotechnik-Industrie in der Franche-Comté. Der Fall der Umgestaltung der französischen Uhrenrindustrie-Region, einem Industriedistrikt in der Krise, und die territoriale Entwicklung rund um die Mikrotechnik erklären, welchen Schwierigkeiten regionale Strukturationsprozesse trotz gezielter Wirtschaftspolitik ausgesetzt sind

Using Photo Stories to Support Doctor-Patient Communication:Evaluating a Communicative Health Literacy Intervention for Older Adults

Older adults often have limited health literacy and experience difficulties in communicating about their health. In view of the need for efficacious interventions, we compared a narrative photo story booklet regarding doctor-patient communication with a non-narrative but otherwise highly similar brochure. The photo story booklet included seven short picture-based stories about themes related to doctor-patient communication. The non-narrative brochure had comparable pictures and layout and dealt with the same themes, but it did not include any stories. We conducted two Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) among older adults with varying levels of health literacy: one RCT in Germany (N = 66) and one RCT in the Netherlands (N = 54); the latter one was followed by an in-depth interview study among a subset of the participants (81.5%; n = 44). In the RCTs, we did not find significant differences between the photo story booklet and the non-narrative brochure. In the interview study, a majority of the participants expressed a preference for the photo story booklet, which was perceived as recognizable, relevant, entertaining and engaging. We conclude that photo story booklets are a promising format but that there is room for improving their effectiveness

Detecting functional decline from normal aging to dementia: Development and validation of a short version of the Amsterdam IADL Questionnaire

Introduction Detecting functional decline from normal aging to dementia is relevant for diagnostic and prognostic purposes. Therefore, the Amsterdam IADL Questionnaire (A-IADL-Q) was developed: a 70-item proxy-based tool with good psychometric properties. We aimed to design a short version while preserving its psychometric quality. Methods Study partners of subjects (n = 1355), ranging from cognitively normal to dementia subjects, completed the original A-IADL-Q. We selected the short version items using a stepwise procedure combining missing data, Item Response Theory, and input from respondents and experts. We investigated internal consistency of the short version and concordance with the original version. To assess its construct validity, we additionally investigated concordance between the short version and the Mini–Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Disability Assessment for Dementia (DAD). Finally, we investigated differences in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) scores between diagnostic groups across the dementia spectrum. Results We selected 30 items covering the entire spectrum of IADL functioning. Internal consistency (0.98) and concordance with the original version (0.97) were very high. Concordance with the MMSE (0.72) and DAD (0.87) scores was high. IADL impairment scores increased across the spectrum from normal cognition to dementia. Discussion The A-IADL-Q short version (A-IADL-Q-SV) consists of 30 items and has maintained the psychometric quality of the original A-IADL-Q. As such, the A-IADL-Q-SV is a concise measure of functional decline

The Natural History of Leber Congenital Amaurosis and Cone-Rod Dystrophy Associated with Variants in the GUCY2D Gene

OBJECTIVE: To describe the spectrum of Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) and cone-rod dystrophy (CORD) associated with the GUCY2D gene, and to identify potential clinical endpoints and optimal patient selection for future therapeutic trials. DESIGN: International multicenter retrospective cohort study. SUBJECTS: 82 patients with GUCY2D-associated CORD and LCA from 54 molecularly confirmed families. METHODS: Data were gathered by reviewing medical records for medical history, symptoms, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), ophthalmoscopy, visual fields, full-field electroretinography and retinal imaging (fundus photography, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), fundus autofluorescence). MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES: Age of onset, annual decline of visual acuity, estimated visual impairment per age, genotype-phenotype correlations, anatomic characteristics on funduscopy, and multimodal imaging. RESULTS: Fourteen patients with autosomal recessive LCA and 68 with autosomal dominant CORD were included. The median follow-up time was 5.2 years (interquartile range (IQR), 2.6-8.8) for LCA, and 7.2 years (IQR, 2.2-14.2) for CORD. Generally, LCA presented in the first year of life. The BCVA in LCA ranged from no light perception to 1.00 logMAR, and remained relatively stable during follow-up. Imaging for LCA was limited, but showed little to no structural degeneration. In CORD, progressive vision loss started around the second decade of life. The annual decline rate of visual acuity was 0.022 logMAR (P A and the c.2512C>T GUCY2D variant (P = 0.798). At the age of 40 years the probability of being blind or severely visually impaired was 32%. The integrity of the ellipsoid zone (EZ) and external limiting membrane (ELM) on SD-OCT were correlated significantly with BCVA (Spearman's ρ = 0.744, P = 0.001 and ρ = 0.712, P < 0.001, respectively) in CORD. CONCLUSION: LCA due to variants in GUCY2D results in severe congenital visual impairment with relatively intact macular anatomy on funduscopy and available imaging, suggesting a long preservation of photoreceptors. Despite large variability, GUCY2D-associated CORD generally presented during adolescence with a progressive loss of vision and culminated in severe visual impairment during mid to late-adulthood. The integrity of the ELM and EZ may be suitable structural endpoints for therapeutic studies in GUCY2D-associated CORD

Cabbage and fermented vegetables : From death rate heterogeneity in countries to candidates for mitigation strategies of severe COVID-19

Large differences in COVID-19 death rates exist between countries and between regions of the same country. Some very low death rate countries such as Eastern Asia, Central Europe, or the Balkans have a common feature of eating large quantities of fermented foods. Although biases exist when examining ecological studies, fermented vegetables or cabbage have been associated with low death rates in European countries. SARS-CoV-2 binds to its receptor, the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). As a result of SARS-CoV-2 binding, ACE2 downregulation enhances the angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT(1)R) axis associated with oxidative stress. This leads to insulin resistance as well as lung and endothelial damage, two severe outcomes of COVID-19. The nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) is the most potent antioxidant in humans and can block in particular the AT(1)R axis. Cabbage contains precursors of sulforaphane, the most active natural activator of Nrf2. Fermented vegetables contain many lactobacilli, which are also potent Nrf2 activators. Three examples are: kimchi in Korea, westernized foods, and the slum paradox. It is proposed that fermented cabbage is a proof-of-concept of dietary manipulations that may enhance Nrf2-associated antioxidant effects, helpful in mitigating COVID-19 severity.Peer reviewe