Imaginarios sobre la calidad de la educación en docentes públicos de Bogotá, D.C.

Los inconvenientes del sistema educativo en lo relacionado con el acceso, la calidad y las oportunidades, han sido gradualmente reconocidos, su necesidad de transformación ha hecho parte de los planes de gobierno de manera gradual y permanente, especialmente en las últimas dos décadas, buscando responder a la Constitución Política de Colombia del año 1991, la cual determina, en su Artículo 67, que la educación es un derecho, siendo el Estado el responsable de garantizar su cubrimiento y calidad (Constitución Política de Colombia, 1991), sin embargo, el interés ha girado siempre en torno a los requerimientos del estudiante sin tener en cuenta al docente como dinamizador directo del proceso enseñanza aprendizaje. Lo anterior ha contribuido, en los maestros, al reconocimiento superficial de las políticas nacionales y distritales, haciendo su participación similar y ajena al resultado esperado. En la presente investigación se analizan los imaginarios en torno al concepto de calidad de la educación y su asimilación dentro de las políticas públicas, los discursos de docentes y directivos docentes de la ciudad de Bogotá, concretamente de los colegios INEM Francisco de Paula Santander IED y Tomás Carrasquilla IED, a nivel Distrital, reconociendo en los imaginarios sociales la consolidación de construcciones comunicativas que se activan como creencias generalizadas, implantándose en el contexto educativo y aplicando los objetivos de las políticas nacionales.In the education system, issues regarding accessibility, education quality and opportunities have been gradually recognized. Especially in the last two decades, the required transformations in these aspects have made part of the Government plan in a gradual and permanent way, looking forward to follow the principle in the Political Constitution of Colombia of 1991, that rules, in the Article #67, education as a right and the State as the responsible one for giving a guarantee of its observance and quality. However, the interest has been always focused on students needs setting apart the figure of the teacher as an active agent of the learning process. The previous has contributed for teachers to have a superficial recognition of national and regional policies and poor participation different from the result expected. In this research, the imaginaries around the concept of education quality and its assimilation in public policy, Bogota teachers and head teachers' statement (specifically in INEM Francisco de Paula Santander IED and Tomás Carrasquilla IED schools) will be analyzed recognizing in the social imaginaries the consolidation of communicative constructs that take place as common generalized beliefs getting set in an education context following the national policies objectives.Magíster en EducaciónMaestrí

Evaluación de la fotocatálisis heterogénea UV/TIO2 y fenton heterogéneo H2O2Fe/carbón activado en el tratamiento del agua residual de laboratorios de microbiología

Los procesos fotocatalítico UV/TiO2 y Fenton Heterogéneo fueron estudiados para la remoción de materia orgánica y la inactivación bacteriana en aguas residuales generadas en los laboratorios de microbiología de la Facultad de Ciencias. Como fotocatalizador se utilizó USP TiO2 depositado en láminas de vidrio. Los experimentos fotocatalíticos fueron llevados a cabo en un reactor de cuarzo iluminado con luz ultravioleta UV-C. Por otro lado, el tratamiento Fenton se realizó cerca del pH del agua residual (pH 3.7) utilizando como catalizador 1% Fe/ Carbón activado y 100 mMolL-1 de H2O2. Bajo las condiciones de operación, se logró 79.5% de mineralización, 76.7% de remoción de DQO y 99.5% de remoción de color luego de 14 h de tratamiento con una inactivación del 99% de la población bacteriana estudiada luego de 40 minutos sin reactivación secundaria a las 24h. Mientras que el tratamiento Fenton logro una mineralización del 56.6%, 59.3% de DQO, 50.1% de decoloración y 43% de inactivación de bacterias heterótrofas en 60 minutos.UV/TiO2 photocatalysis and heterogeneous Fenton were tested for the removal of organic matter and bacterial inactivation in cell staining wastewater. USP TiO2 deposited on silica glass was used as photocatalyst. For TiO2 photocatalysis, the experiments were performed in a quartz reactor under UV-C radiation. On the other hand, the Fenton reaction was carried out near natural pH of the treated water (pH 3.7) using a 1% wt Fe/activated carbon and 100 mMolL-1 of H2O2. Under operational conditions, 79.5% of mineralization, 76.7% of COD removal and 99.5% of color removal was reached after 14 h of photocatalytic treatment and inactivation of 99.9% of the bacterial populations studied after 40 minutes, without re-growth after 24 h. Moreover, the Fenton process achieved 56.6% of mineralization, 59.3% of COD removal, 50.1% of discoloration and 43% inactivation of heterotrophic bacteria in 60 minutes.Microbiólogo (a) IndustrialPregrad

Spatial Distribution of Arctic Bacterioplankton Abundance Is Linked to Distinct Water Masses and Summertime Phytoplankton Bloom Dynamics (Fram Strait, 79°N)

The Arctic is impacted by climate warming faster than any other oceanic region on Earth. Assessing the baseline of microbial communities in this rapidly changing ecosystem is vital for understanding the implications of ocean warming and sea ice retreat on ecosystem functioning. Using CARD-FISH and semi-automated counting, we quantified 14 ecologically relevant taxonomic groups of bacterioplankton (Bacteria and Archaea) from surface (0-30 m) down to deep waters (2,500 m) in summer ice-covered and ice-free regions of the Fram Strait, the main gateway for Atlantic inflow into the Arctic Ocean. Cell abundances of the bacterioplankton communities in surface waters varied from 10(5) cells mL(-1) in ice-covered regions to 10(6) cells mL(-1) in the ice-free regions. Observations suggest that these were overall driven by variations in phytoplankton bloom conditions across the Strait. The bacterial groups Bacteroidetes and Gammaproteobacteria showed several-fold higher cell abundances under late phytoplankton bloom conditions of the ice-free regions. Other taxonomic groups, such as the Rhodobacteraceae, revealed a distinct association of cell abundances with the surface Atlantic waters. With increasing depth (\u3e500 m), the total cell abundances of the bacterioplankton communities decreased by up to two orders of magnitude, while largely unknown taxonomic groups (e.g., SAR324 and SAR202 clades) maintained constant cell abundances throughout the entire water column (ca. 10(3) cells mL(-1)). This suggests that these enigmatic groups may occupy a specific ecological niche in the entire water column. Our results provide the first quantitative spatial variations assessment of bacterioplankton in the summer ice-covered and ice-free Arctic water column, and suggest that further shift toward ice-free Arctic summers with longer phytoplankton blooms can lead to major changes in the associated standing stock of the bacterioplankton communities

Tratamiento de agua residual de microbiología usando películas delgadas de TiO2

(Eng) Microbiology cell-staining wastewater was treated by UV/TiO 2 thin films photocatalysis. A simple method of applying gravity sedimentation over grass-type substrate was used for the preparation of the films. The use of Na4 P2 O7, microwaves, and ultrasounds were studied for decreasing the TiO2 grain sizes on the films. It was established that the best method for reducing grain size resulted from a combination of Na4P2O7 (0.01M) and microwave radiation (700 W, 20 min). The Films were characterized by several microscopic and spectroscopic methods. Anatase phase (gap energy of 3.2 eV) and grain sizes averaging 83 nm were achieved. Photocatalysis tests using TiO2-film showed 99.5 % of decolorization, 79 % TOC abatement, and total microbial inactivation after 14 h of treatment. No bacteria re–growth was found 48 h after the treatment was completed.(Spa) La fotocatálisis con UV/TiO2usando películas delgadas fue empleada para el tratamiento de agua residual de microbiología. Se empleó un método simple de sedimentación por gravedad sobre sustrato de vidrio para la preparación de las películas. El uso de Na4P2O7, microondas y ultrasonido fue estudiado para la disminución de los granos de TiO2 en las películas. Se estableció que el mejor método para disminuir los agregados resultó de una combinación de Na4P2O7(0.01M) y radiación de microondas (700 W, 20 min). Las películas fueron caracterizadas por métodos microscópicos y espectroscópicos. Se obtuvo la fase anatasa (brecha de energía de 3.2 e.V) y tamaños de grano de 83nm. Los ensayos fotocatalíticos utilizando las películas de TiO2generaron un 99.5% de decoloración, 79% de remoción de COT y una inactivación microbiana total luego de 14 h de tratamiento. No se encontró reactivación microbiana luego de 48 h de finalizado el tratamiento

La imagen y la narrativa como herramientas para el abordaje psicosocial en escenarios de violencia. Departamentos del Putumayo, Huila, Caquetá y Tolima.

En los procesos de abordaje psicosocial realizado por estudiantes del Diplomado acompañamiento psicosocial en escenarios de violencia y desde los diversos Departamentos como son: El Putumayo, Tolima ,Caquetá y Huila, se muestran los pasos tres y cuatro desarrollados de manera colectiva, implementado herramientas como la narrativa y la imagen, las cuales permiten dar un avance para el acompañamiento a víctimas de la violencia, comprendiendo las diferentes situaciones psicosociales y emergentes dados por la misma y reconocer la manera en que se ha fortalecido el proceso resiliente en cada una de las víctimas y sus familias, las cuales trabajan en pro de la reconstrucción social y la paz, entre las herramientas empleadas para el proceso de análisis se ha utilizado la imagen, a partir de ella se realizó un trabajo en los departamentos mencionados anteriormente, donde da cuenta de los hechos victimizantes sucedidos en épocas anteriores, como también el avance que han tenido en las comunidades a partir de la organización y la participación comunitaria lo cual fortalece el arraigo al territorio y la capacidad resiliente para superar las adversidades presentadas, desde las imágenes se contribuye al proceso de memoria histórica como aporte de datos de la vida social presente proyectada en sucesos pasados reorganizados, dando importancia a la subjetividad en el marco del tiempo y un espacio concreto. A partir de la narrativa se realiza un proceso de análisis del relato de violencia y esperanza de Modesto Pacayá, un indígena del pueblo Ticuna, da a conocer la historia vivida en el conflicto, pero también la manera en que paso a paso realizó su proceso de desmovilización y las respectivas acciones para la reconstrucción social. Por otra parte, se expone el análisis reflexivo de la comunidad víctima del conflicto armado de la localidad de Peñas Coloradas y desde un abordaje psicosocial se plantean tres estrategias para que los habitantes potencialicen los recursos de afrontamiento a la situación presentada, también se encuentra el informe analítico y reflexivo del paso número tres denominado foto voz, con un salón de exposiciones virtuales en página wix cuyo enlace se muestra en el mismo documento.In the psychosocial approach processes carried out by students of the Psychosocial Accompaniment Diploma in violence scenarios and from the various Departments such as: Putumayo, Cauca Tolima, Caquetá and Huila, steps three and four are collectively developed, in which are shown They have implemented tools that make it possible to advance the accompaniment of victims of violence, trying to understand the different psychosocial and emerging situations caused by the violence and to recognize the way in which the resilient process has been strengthened in each of the victims and their families. , which work in favor of social reconstruction and peace, among the tools used for the analysis process the image has been used, based on it a work was carried out in the aforementioned departments where it accounts for the victimizing events that occurred in previous times as well as the progress they have had in the communities to Starting from the organization and community participation, which strengthens the roots to the territory and the resilient capacity to overcome the adversities presented, from the images the process of historical memory is contributed as a contribution of data of the present social life projected in reorganized past events, giving importance to subjectivity in the framework of time and a specific space. Based on the narrative, a process of analysis is carried out of the story of life and hope of Modesto Pacayá, an indigenous person of the Ticuna people, reveals the history lived in the conflict, but also the way in which step by step he carried out his demobilization process and the respective actions for social reconstruction. On the other hand, the reflective analysis of the community victim of the armed conflict in the town of Peñas Coloradas is presented and from a psychosocial approach, three strategies are proposed so that the inhabitants potentiate the resources to cope with the situation presented. In the document you also find the analytical and reflective report of step number three called photo voice, with a virtual showroom on the wix page whose link is shown in the same document

Cross-reactive humoral and CD4+ T cell responses to Mu and Gamma SARS-CoV-2 variants in a Colombian population

The SARS CoV-2 antibody and CD4+ T cell responses induced by natural infection and/or vaccination decline over time and cross-recognize other viral variants at different levels. However, there are few studies evaluating the levels and durability of the SARS CoV-2-specific antibody and CD4+ T cell response against the Mu, Gamma, and Delta variants. Here, we examined, in two ambispective cohorts of naturally-infected and/or vaccinated individuals, the titers of anti-RBD antibodies and the frequency of SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ T cells up to 6 months after the last antigen exposure. In naturally-infected individuals, the SARS-CoV-2 antibody response declined 6 months post-symptoms onset. However, the kinetic observed depended on the severity of the disease, since individuals who developed severe COVID-19 maintained the binding antibody titers. Also, there was detectable binding antibody cross-recognition for the Gamma, Mu, and Delta variants, but antibodies poorly neutralized Mu. COVID-19 vaccines induced an increase in antibody titers 15-30 days after receiving the second dose, but these levels decreased at 6 months. However, as expected, a third dose of the vaccine caused a rise in antibody titers. The dynamics of the antibody response upon vaccination depended on the previous SARS-CoV-2 exposure. Lower levels of vaccine-induced antibodies were associated with the development of breakthrough infections. Vaccination resulted in central memory spike-specific CD4+ T cell responses that cross-recognized peptides from the Gamma and Mu variants, and their duration also depended on previous SARS-CoV-2 exposure. In addition, we found cross-reactive CD4+ T cell responses in unexposed and unvaccinated individuals. These results have important implications for vaccine design for new SARS-CoV-2 variants of interest and concern

Administración financiera y la toma de decisiones en las pymes del Distrito Especial, Turístico y Cultural de Riohacha

Incluye listas de ilustraciones, de tablas y de anexosLa presente investigación tuvo como principal objetivo analizar el impacto de la administración financiera como base para la toma de decisiones en las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas del Distrito Especial, Turístico y Cultural de Riohacha. La principal motivación de la investigación nació luego de conocer la posición de Riohacha en el Índice Departamental de Competitividad, ocupando la posición 27° entre 32 jurisdicciones al enfrentar serias dificultades para la creación de empresas, el acceso al crédito y el entorno para los negocios. La investigación incluyó aspectos teóricos como el modelo administrativo y clásico para la toma de decisiones al igual que un marco legal completo para entender la profundidad y normatividad de la situación financiera de las PYMES en Colombia. La investigación fue abordada desde un enfoque cuantitativo de tipo descriptivo a través de un diseño no experimental La muestra para la aplicación del instrumento estuvo compuesta por 68 empresas de la ciudad de Riohacha; 65 de ellas microempresas, 2 pequeñas empresas y 1 pequeña empresa de acuerdo con los niveles de representatividad de la población total. La encuesta dirigida a gerentes y responsables de decisiones económicas y financieras conto con un total de 36 ítems para indagar dimensiones como razones financieras, apalancamiento de empresas y toma de decisiones. Entre los resultados más representativos de la investigación se encontró que el 88,7% de las PYMES de Riohacha tiene la capacidad para responder a sus pasivos corrientes con el flujo de caja disponible, un 45,1% de las empresas acuden en mayor porcentaje al aporte de sus socios que a los créditos con terceros y un 50,7% de las PYMES de Riohacha no han colocado sus activos fijos como garantía para acceder a financiación. Adicionalmente, se encontró que las PYMES de Riohacha no cuentan mayoritariamente dentro de sus estrategias con oportunidades de financiación mediante crowdfunding y factoring.The main objective of this research was to analyze the impact of financial management as a basis for decision-making in micro, small and medium-sized enterprises in the Special, Tourist and Cultural District of Riohacha. The main motivation for the research was born after learning about Riohacha's position in the Departmental Competitiveness Index, ranking 27th out of 32 jurisdictions, facing serious difficulties in the creation of enterprises, access to credit and the business environment. The research included theoretical aspects such as the administrative and classical model for decision making as well as a complete legal framework to understand the depth and regulations of the financial situation of SMEs in Colombia. The research was approached from a descriptive quantitative approach through a non-experimental design. The sample for the application of the instrument was composed of 68 companies in the city of Riohacha; 65 of them were microenterprises, 2 small enterprises and 1 small enterprise according to the levels of representativeness of the total population. The survey addressed to managers and economic and financial decision makers had a total of 36 items to investigate dimensions such as financial ratios, business leverage and decision making. Among the most representative results of the survey were that 88.7% of Riohacha's SMEs have the capacity to meet their current liabilities with available cash flow, 45.1% of the companies rely more on contributions from their partners than on third-party loans, and 50.7% of Riohacha's SMEs have not used their fixed assets as collateral to access financing. In addition, it was found that Riohacha's SMEs do not include crowdfunding and factoring as part of their financing strategiesINTRODUCCIÓN 1. EL PROBLEMA DE INVESTIGACIÓN 1.1 PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA 1.1.1 Formulación del problema 1.1.2 Sistematización del problema 1.2 OBJETIVOS DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN 1.2.1 Objetivo general 1.2.2 Objetivos específicos 1.3 JUSTIFICACIÓN DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN 1.4 DELIMITACIÓN DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN 2. MARCO REFERENCIAL 2.1 MARCO TEORICO 2.1.1 Antecedentes investigativos 2.1.2 Fundamentos teóricos 2.2 MARCO CONTEXTUAL 2.3 MARCO LEGAL 2.4 SISTEMA DE VARIABLES 2.4.1 Conceptualización de variables 2.4.2 Operacionalización de variables 3. MARCO METODOLÓGICO 3.1 ENFOQUE DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN 3.2 TIPO DE INVESTIGACIÓN 3.3 DISEÑO DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN 3.4 FUENTES DE RECOLECCIÓN DE DATOS 3.4.1 Información primaria 3.4.2 Información secundaria 3.5 POBLACIÓN Y MUESTRA 3.5.1 Población 3.5.2 Muestra 3.5.3 Muestreo 3.6 TÉCNICAS E INSTRUMENTOS DE RECOLECCIÓN DE DATOS 3.7 VALIDEZ Y CONFIABILIDAD DEL INSTRUMENTO 3.8 PROCEDIMIENTO DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN 3.9 ANALISIS DE LOS DATOS 4. RESULTADOS DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN 4.1 DIMENSIÓN RAZONES FINANCIERAS 4.2 DIMENSIÓN APALANCAMIENTO DE UNA EMPRESA 4.3 DIMENSIÓN MODELO DE TOMA DE DECISIONES 4.4 DIMENSIÓN ETAPAS DEL PROCESO DE TOMA DE DECISIONES 5. ESTRATEGIAS PARA LA ADMININSTRACIÓN DE LAS PYMES DEL DISTRITO ESPECIAL, TURISTICO Y CULTURAL DE RIOHACHA BUSCANDO MEJORAR LOS PROCESOS DE TOMAS DE DECISIONES 5.1 FACTORING PARA LA OBTENCIÓN DE RECURSOS 5.2 CAMPAÑAS DE FONDEO COLECTIVO 5.3 FOMENTO DE CREDITOS CON TERCEROS 5.4 FLUJOGRAMA / PROTOCOLO DE ACTIVIDADES PARA LA TOMA DE DECISIONES 5.5 EMPODERAMIENTO CONCLUSIONES Y RECOMENDACIONES REFERENCIASMaestríaMagíster en Finanza

Temporal and spatial dynamics of marine microorganisms in ice-covered seas

The anthropogenic emissions of CO2 and other climate-active gases lead to a steep increase of global temperatures. Global climate change is particularly amplified in the Arctic (e.g., Serreze et al., 2009; Serreze and Barry, 2011). Increasing temperatures and the rapid sea ice decline have shown profound effects on life in the Arctic ecosystem (Wassmann et al., 2011). Climate model predictions suggest a seasonally sea ice-free Arctic well before the first half of this century (Overland and Wang, 2013; Docquier and Koenigk, 2021). The composition, structure and function of the Arctic microbiome will be altered with distinct effects on the marine system, on primary productivity, carbon fluxes and food web structures. Changes in the composition and structure of primary producers were already observed in Fram Strait (Nöthig et al., 2015), the boundary and highly dynamic zone between the Atlantic and the Arctic Ocean. These changes were reflected in the export flux of particulate organic matter (Lalande et al., 2013), also observable in the benthic communities (Jacob, 2014). Thus, understanding how the microbial communities changed over time under different environmental conditions is a scientific task needed to assess future changes in the Arctic ecosystem. This thesis aimed to understand the composition, distribution and function of bacteria, archaea and eukaryotic communities in Fram Strait across different spatial and temporal scales and their relationship with environmental variables. The overall objective was to identify signature groups and key factors of change, to provide a baseline to the effects of climate change and sea ice retreat. It provides a comprehensive overview of the Arctic microbiome by the incorporation of seawater, sinking particles and sea ice samples to identify key microbial indicators of change and environmental drivers in these communities. Samples were obtained in the frame work of the Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) site HAUSGARTEN and the FRontiers in Marine Monitoring (FRAM) program. 8 The results of Chapter I and Chapter II highlight the usage of methods free of compositional- bias and meta’omics approaches necessary to understand the role of microbial communities. The observations in Chapter I revealed that different water masses characterized by different physicochemical conditions harboured different active microbial communities. A late phytoplankton bloom dominated by diatoms in the surface waters of the eastern Fram Strait was identified, where members of the Bacteroidetes, Alteromonadales, Oceanospirillales and Rhodobacterales were significantly active. Abundant transcripts of transporters and fundamental cellular functions supported the degradation of organic matter. The deeper waters of Atlantic origin were marked by strong chemolithotrophic activities by members of Thaumarchaeota. In Chapter II I analysed bacterial and archaeal groups in deep-sea waters that benefitted from a phytoplankton bloom at the surface. Chapter III studied the development of microbial composition of sinking particles using a 12-year time-series study. The presence of sea ice and the passing warm anomaly were the drivers of change in these communities. In Chapter IV, microcosm experiments revealed bacterial taxa that responded to eukaryotes and substrates sourced from the sea ice during sea ice melt in seawater. Altogether, the results of this thesis provide baseline knowledge to better assess the effects of climate change on the Arctic microbiome and the consequences for ecosystem functioning and carbon cycling