Racial inequalities in trends in adolescent motherhood and access to prenatal care in Brazil, 2008- 2019.

Teenage pregnancy and motherhood are issues related to human rights, sexual and reproductive rights, and public health. To identify racial inequities in nationwide temporal trends of teenage motherhood and access to antenatal visits in Brazil. A descriptive analysis of the proportion of adolescent mothers of live births, sociodemographic characteristics, and the number of prenatal visits according to race/color and age group (10-14 and 15-19 years) was performed using data from the Live Birth Information System. Trends over time were evaluated using negative binomial regression models. During the analysis period, 6.118.205 adolescents mothers were identified, with the highest proportion of mothers between 15-19 years of age (95.14%). The trend analysis showed an overall pattern of decreasing proportions of motherhood among adolescents aged 10-14 (RR=0.97; p<0.0001) and a stationary trend among those aged between 15-19 (RR=0.99; p=0.611). Racial inequities were found, with a descending trend observed only among White (10-14 and 15-19 age groups) and Mixed/Brown (ages 10-14) adolescents. Trends were ascending for both age groups among Indigenous girls and stationary for Blacks. Indigenous (20.8%), Mixed/Brown (40.4%) and Black (41.9%) are the ones that least refer to the performance of 7 or more prenatal visits compared to White (56.6%). Racial inequities cross the sexual and reproductive trajectories of girls and adolescents, leading to unintended maternity wards. Health policies should consider racism and its manifestations that create barriers to access to prenatal care faced by girls and adolescents in Brazil.A gravidez e a maternidade na adolescência são questões relacionadas aos direitos humanos, aos direitos sexuais e reprodutivos e à saúde pública. Identificar iniquidades raciais nas tendências temporais da maternidade na adolescência e acesso ao pré-natal no Brasil. Foi realizada uma análise descritiva da proporção de mães adolescentes de nascidos vivos, características sociodemográficas e número de consultas pré-natais segundo raça/cor e faixa etária (10-14 e 15-19 anos) com dados do Sistema de Informação de Nascidos Vivos. As tendências ao longo do tempo foram avaliadas usando modelos de regressão binomial negativa. No período da análise, foram identificadas 6.118.205 mães adolescentes, sendo a maior proporção de mães entre 15-19 anos de idade (95,14%). A análise de tendência mostrou um padrão geral decrescente de maternidade entre as adolescentes de 10 a 14 anos (RR=0,97; p<0,0001) e uma tendência estacionária entre as que tem idade entre 15 e 19 anos (RR=0,99; p=0,611). Iniquidades raciais foram encontradas, com tendência decrescente observada apenas entre adolescentes Brancas (faixas 10-14 e 15-19) e Pardas (10-14 anos). Iniquidades raciais também foram encontradas no número de consultas pré-natais e nas características sociodemográficas. Indígenas (20,8%), Pardas (40,4%) e Pretas (41,9%) são as que menos referem a realização de 7 ou mais consultas de pré-natal em relação às Brancas (56,6%). As iniquidades raciais atravessam as trajetórias sexuais e reprodutivas de meninas e adolescentes levando a maternidades não pretendidas. As políticas de saúde devem considerar o racismo e suas manifestações

A violência obstétrica sob a óptica dos sentimentos da parturiente: uma revisão de literatura / Obstetric violence from the perspective of the feelings of the parturient woman: a literature review

Introdução: A Violência Obstétrica, bastante presente nos cotidianos das maternidades, é um grande impasse que gera sentimentos de medo e ansiedade, dificultando o processo de vínculo das puérperas nos ambientes de saúde. Esse tipo de violência se manifesta, principalmente, nos momentos de parto, quando se nega o direito da mulher ter o seu acompanhante. As relações de poder, que ditam o comportamento social, fomentam algumas ações violentas dos profissionais de saúde. Essas, dessa forma, podem acarretar em danos no que se refere ao estado físico e mental das mulheres.  Objetivo: Analisar os impactos provocados pela violência obstétrica. Método: Resultados/discussão: Diante do conjunto de estudos elegidos, há consonância quanto à repercussão negativa que a violência obstétrica provoca no âmbito da saúde. Algumas das evidências apontam para o comprometimento na vida reprodutiva da mulher e também para a ruptura no curso natural do parto. Atrelado a isso, está bem consolidada a relação entre violência obstétrica e aumento no número de cesáreas e complicações no trabalho de parto. Os impactos psicossociais também se fortalecem a partir da literatura analisada, sendo especialmente mencionada a depressão pós-parto. Somado a isso, alguns estudos destacam a violência obstétrica como deletéria à saúde dos recém-nascidos e ao nível de satisfação dos profissionais da saúde. Conclusão: Os resultados evidenciados neste artigo sobre violência obstétrica sob a óptica das parturientes ressaltaram os impactos negativos decorrentes dessa violência na saúde física e mental das parturientes, ferindo a dignidade humana delas. Dentre as repercussões descritas, destacam-se problemas na sexualidade, na autoestima e na saúde mental e física das mulheres após sofrerem violência. Ademais, a perda de privacidade e a privação de direitos, como o direito a acompanhante, também foram ressaltadas como problemas decorrentes da violência obstétrica.  Junto a isso, essa violência sofrida também teve repercussões negativas na saúde dos recém-nascidos e na relação materno-infantil

Síndrome do intestino curto secundária à doença de Crohn: uma revisão sistemática

Introduction: Crohn's disease is defined as a chronic inflammatory bowel disease, which can affect any segment of the gastrointestinal tract, starting in the mouth and extending to the anus. As the disease develops, it can lead to serious complications, including obstructions intestinal damage, formation of fistulas, among others. In certain cases, such as clinical instability, extensive surgical interventions are indicated, such as resection of the small intestine, which may result in the patient losing more than 100 cm of intestine, leading to Short Bowel Syndrome. Even with advances in perioperative care, which have ensured greater safety in Crohn's disease surgery, there is evidence of the inevitability of its recurrence. Therefore, it is crucial to adopt an appropriate approach to managing Crohn's disease before it develops into complications that require invasive procedures. Methodology: This article consists of a systematic review of articles in the English language with the descriptors 'short bowel syndrome in Crohn's disease', 'short bowel syndrome' 'Crohn's disease and short bowel” and “Crohn's disease”, on the Pubmed, SciELO platforms and Google Scholar.&nbsp; Results and Discussion: Given the possibilities of complications, SBS is the most common in CD control surgeries, causing loss of intestinal mass, mainly secondary to surgical resection of the small intestine or loss of function. The spectrum of disease is widely variable, from malabsorption of a single micronutrient to complete intestinal failure. The treatment of Short Bowel Syndrome (SBS) will depend on the stage the patient is in after resection. Some surgical interventions allow increasing the area of​intestinal absorption and reducing intestinal transit and have been widely used today as an adjuvant treatment to nutrition. Conclusion: conclude that Crohn's disease is an inflammatory pathology, the etiology of which is not fully elucidated, involving genetic and environmental factors.Introdução: A Doença de Crohn é definida como doença inflamatória intestinal crônica, podendo afetar qualquer segmento do trato gastrointestinal, com início na boca estendendo-se até o ânus.À medida que a doença se desenvolve, ela pode levar a complicações graves, incluindo obstruções intestinais, formação de fístulas, entre outros.Em certos casos, como instabilidade clínica, está indicado intervenções cirúrgicas extensas, como ressecção do intestino delgado, podendo o paciente perder mais de 100 cm de intestino, acarretando a Síndrome do Intestino Curto. Mesmo com o avanço em cuidados perioperatórios, os quais garantiram maior segurança na cirurgia de Doença de Crohn, a evidência da inevitabilidade da recorrência desta. Portanto, é crucial adotar uma abordagem adequada no manejo da doença de Crohn antes que ela evolua para complicações que exijam procedimentos invasivos. Metodologia: O presente artigo consiste em uma revisão sistemática de artigos na língua inglesa com os descritores ‘short bowel syndrome in Crohn’s disease’, ‘short bowel syndrome’ ‘Crohn’s disease and short bowel” e “Crohn’s disease”, nas plataformas Pubmed, SciELO e Google Scholar.&nbsp; Resultados e Discussão: Diante das possibilidades de complicações, a SIC é a mais presente nas cirurgias de controle da DC,&nbsp; causando a perda de massa intestinal, principalmente secundária à ressecção cirúrgica do intestino delgado ou perda de função. O espectro da doença é amplamente variável, desde a má absorção de um único micronutriente até a insuficiência intestinal completa. O tratamento da Síndrome do Intestino Curto (SIC) vai depender da fase que o paciente se encontra após a ressecção. Existem algumas intervenções cirúrgicas que permitem aumentar a área de absorção intestinal e reduzir o trânsito intestinal e têm sido muito utilizadas atualmente como tratamento adjuvante à nutrição. Conclusão: concluir que a doença de Crohn é uma patologia inflamatória, a qual a etiologia não é totalmente elucidada, envolvendo fatores genéticos e ambientais

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data