Resposta de crotalaria juncea a exposição ao niguel

Orientador: Ricardo Antunes de AzevedoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de BiologiaResumo: A presença de metais pesados no ambiente é atualmente, um dos principais problemas de contaminação ambiental, uma vez que, os metais liberados no ambiente contaminam o solo e entram na cadeia alimentar através das plantas, causando efeitos tóxicos a curto e a longo prazo aos animais e seres humanos. No caso do metal pesado Níquel (Ni), foi constatado que a sua presença nas plantas pode diminuir o crescimento, reduzir a taxa de fotossíntese e provocar alterações, tanto nas atividades enzimáticas quanto metabólicas.Pouca informação está disponível na literatura, com referência a resposta antioxidante das plantas à expressão a esse metal. Neste sentido, os objetivos deste trabalho foram realizar diferentes ensaios para avaliar o efeito fitotóxico do Ni em plântulas de C. juncea. Neste estudo foram analisados parâmetros bioquímicos relativos à atividade das enzimas antioxidantes, Catalase (CAT), Superóxido Dismutase (SOD) e Glutationa Redutase (GR). Constatou-se que, não houve alteração da atividade GR e CAT nas raízes. Entretanto, atividades destas enzimas apresentaram aumento significativo na parte aérea. O aumento na atividade da GR, na parte aérea, pode ser explicado pelo fato de ser o ciclo Halliwell-Asada o principal mecanismo que age na desintoxicação de Espécies Ativas de Oxigênio. Quanto à atividade da SOD, quando comparados ambos tecidos, foi constatado que na parte aérea foi pouco alterada, entretanto, a atividade da SOD foi estimulada nas raízes na presença do Ni. Para aumentar a precisão dos resultados, quantificou-se pela técnica de Fluorescência de Raios X, a concentração de NiCl2 e o seu efeito na absorção de nutrientes nas plântulas de crotalaria. Nesta análise, observou-se o acúmulo do metal nas raízes e baixa translocação para a parte aérea. Também foi analisada a concentração de Malonaldeído (MDA) na parte aérea de plântulas de C. juncea, sendo constatada, a ocorrência de peroxidação lipídica na presença do Ni. Finalmente, determinou-se o efeito do Ni sobre as concentrações de aminoácidos solúveis em raízes e na parte aérea, como estratégia desta planta para superar o efeito do Ni , não tendo sido observadas variações significativas nas concentrações dos mesmos com os diferentes tratamentos com Ni. Palavra¿Chave: Aminoácidos, Atividade Enzimática, Crotalária, Fitotoxicidade, Níquel, Poluição AmbientalAbstract: The contamination of the environment with heavy metals has become a world-wide problem. Heavy metals can have direct effects on human health and decreases agricultural yields. In the presence of Nickel (Ni), plant growth and the net photosynthetic rate have been shown to be significantly reduced, even at low concentrations. Moreover, Ni can also inhibit the activity of several groups of enzymes and metabolism. The effects of the Ni on the activies of the antioxidant enzymes and metabolism were investigated in C.juncea seedlings. Enzymatic assays for Catalase (CAT) Glutathione Reductase (GR) and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) were carried out. Response patterns for CAT and GR were similar with low values in the roots and increased activity in the shoots. A significant increase in CAT and GR activity in the shoots suggests that these enzymes play a role in the detoxification process, of reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by the induced Ni stress, possibly by subquesent dismutase. On the other hand, the activity of SOD was stimulated in the roots, and decreased in the shoots. To gain insight into the response of C. juncea seedlings to the oxidative damage induced by excess Ni, were conducted studies of Malondialdehyde (MDA). It was evident that Ni induced an increase an lipid peroxidation in the shoots during the studied period. The Ni concentration in shoots and roots was determined for C. juncea and demonstrated an increase in the concentration of Ni in the roots, however the shoots did not present an accumulation. Further experiments were carried out on total free amino acids. It was observed that Ni treatment did not cause any change in the accumulation of total free amino acids in the roots. The results suggest that in C. juncea seedlings did not exhibit any major variation following Ni treatment. Key words: Antioxidant enzymes, Amino acids, C. juncea, Nickel, Environmental PollutionDoutoradoGenetica Vegetal e MelhoramentoDoutor em Genetica e Biologia Molecula

Talent map of female soccer: How does the birthplace and birthdate impact the participation of soccer players in Brazilian Serie A1 Championship?

This present study aimed to verify the impact of birthplace and birthdate on the identification and development of talented Brazilian female players. The sample comprised 876 players from the Brazilian Serie A1 Championship between 2003 and 2020. Players’ birthdate and birthplace data from their hometowns were collected. The birthplace’s variables used were city size and Human Development Index (HDI). Descriptive statistics, chi-square, and Pearson correlation tests were performed. Results indicated that the players who were born in small cities (up to 100,000 inhabitants) and large urban centres (> 6,000,000 inhabitants), also with high HDI (> 0.701), have a greater chance to play in the most important tournament of the country. Results did not indicate significant differences in the frequencies of players born in each quartile according to players’ positional roles. Based on these findings, it is possible to conclude that the environmental conditions of birthplace are essential to promote initial conditions for the training processes related to soccer. They bring a relevant contribution to facilitate the pathway to high-level performance.This study was funded by the Government of Minas Gerais' Sports Incentive Law, the Academy & Football Program of the Ministry of Citizenship, through the National Secretariat for Football and Supporter's Rights, by FAPEMIG, CAPES, CNPQ, FUNARBE and PPG, CCB and Rectory of the Federal University of Viçosa

Analysis of the offensive patterns of the Spanish National Soccer Team in the 2010 FIFA® World Cup, in relation to match status

This paper aimed to analyze the tactical behavior of Spain National Football Team during the FIFA(r) World Cup, in four different match statuses: Draw, Win+1, Win+2, and Loss-1. The sample comprised 894 offensive sequences performed over Spain's seven matches during the tournament. Data analysis was performed through observations of video footage recorded from a TV station. Following variables were analyzed of play: Achievement time of the attack, Number of contacts with the ball, Number of balls received/Number of passes, Ball transmission speed, Location of acquisition and recovery of ball possession and Form of acquisition and recovery of ball possession. Descriptive statistics were conducted, and so were Chi-Square and Kruskal-Wallis tests. The significance level was set to p < 0.05. Significant differences were found for the following variables: "ball transmission speed", "location and form of acquisition and recovery of ball possession". In conclusion, it was possible to infer that the tactical behavior of the Spanish team underwent few modifications during the tournament regarding match status.Este trabalho teve por objetivo analisar o comportamento tático da seleção espanhola de futebol durante a Copa do Mundo FIFA(r) 2010, considerando o resultado parcial das partidas, em quatro diferentes situações: "Empate", "Vitória+1", "Vitória+2", e "Derrota-1". A amostra foi composta por 894 sequências ofensivas da seleção espanhola nos seus sete jogos durante a competição. Para a coleta dos dados recorreu-se às observações dos vídeos dos jogos gravados a partir de transmissões de uma estação de televisão. Foram analisadas as variáveis de jogo: Tempo de realização do ataque, Número de contatos com a bola, Número de bolas recebidas/Número de passes, Velocidade de transmissão da bola, Local de aquisição ou recuperação da posse de bola e Forma de aquisição ou recuperação da posse de bola. Para análise dos dados, utilizou-se estatística descritiva e os testes de Qui-quadrado e Kruskal-Wallis (p < 0,05). Foram verificadas diferenças significativas apenas para as variáveis "Velocidade de transmissão da bola", "Local e Forma de aquisição e recuperação da posse de bola". Em suma, foi possível inferir que o comportamento tático do time espanhol não sofreu alteração significativa no decorrer da competição, independente do "status" da partida

Second Residence and Appropriation Process: Relations Between Subjects and Beach Houses

Balneario Rincão (State of Santa Catarina, Brazil) has been undergoing a major urbanization process due to the growing demand of the population for beaches in summer seasons. In this sense, this work analyzed the phenomenon of the second residence through the relationship of the subjects with their beach houses. The research is qualitative, exploratory, with semi-structured interviews and unsystematic observation. Eleven middle-class individuals aged 27-72 years participated in the study. The process of appropriation of the second residences was analyzed through the concepts of identification, personification, cultivation, sense of belonging, essential place and identity of the place. It was found that the subjects take ownership of the second residence and its use is strongly related to sociability and family and also to moments of leisure that often do not have in their primary residences in urban centers

Talent Identification and Development in Male Futsal: A Systematic Review

This review aimed to identify and synthesize the most significant literature addressing talent identification and development in futsal. A systematic review of Web of Science™ (all databases), Scopus, PubMed and SPORTDiscus databases was performed according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines. This study included original articles in English, Spanish or Portuguese containing relevant data on talent development/identification of male futsal players. The search yielded 238 articles. After screening, a total of 32 manuscripts were fully reviewed. The quality of the data reviewed was generally good. Results indicate that the most successful players exhibit technical, tactical, anthropometric, physiological and psychological advantages and are distinguished from lower-level players based on their earlier dedication to training. This review highlights the need for those involved in the process of identifying and developing talented futsal players to consider the technical and tactical skills of futsal players, along with their anthropometric and physiological characteristics, scaled to age. Finally, special attention should be paid to the supportive psychosocial environments created in sports academies for developing futsal players. Overall, talent identification and development programmes in futsal need to be dynamic and offer the possibility of changing assessment parameters in the long term.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Spatial analysis of leishmaniasis in Brazil: a systematized review

The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review of scientific papers that used spatial analysis tools in cases of leishmaniasis, in Brazil. The search for articles was carried out in PubMed, SciELO, Scopus and Web of Science databases. The keywords used in the identification of the articles were Thematic map AND Leishmaniasis, Spatial analysis AND Leishmaniasis, and Geoprocessing AND Leishmaniasis, in English language. A total of 360 articles were found, and 11 of them were analyzed after screening by title and abstract as well as reading of the full articles. The States studied were Sao Paulo, Acre, Maranhao, Piaui, Minas Gerais, Parana and Tocantins. Cutaneous leishmaniasis occurred predominantly in rural areas, with clusters in forest reserve regions or modified forest areas. Conversely, visceral leishmaniasis mainly occurred in peripheral and central urban areas associated with poorer environments and urban infrastructure, including worse sanitation. We conclude that the spatial distribution of leishmaniasis is closely related to the living environment of the risk population. The analyzed articles associated geospatial data with some risk factors for the disease, pointing out the locations where most cases occur, creating a relevant source to define control strategies

O uso de Métodos Ágeis no ensino de Métodos Ágeis

No Curso de Métodos Ágeis oferecido aos alunos de graduação da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), os professores decidiram que o modelo tradicional de educação não seria o mais adequado para o ensino de um assunto que quebra tantos paradigmas. Este artigo apresenta os quatro anos de experiência dos professores aplicando conceitos ágeis na disciplina de Métodos Ágeis para os alunos de graduação do curso de Informática. Nosso objetivo é demonstrar como o uso desses conceitos ajudou a criar um ambiente de aprendizagem estimulante e eficaz

The role of mental fatigue in soccer: a systematic review

Because of the role of mental fatigue in the development of elite soccer players, it has been a topic of interest for researchers in the last decades. First, we aim to shed light on the literature published about mental fatigue in soccer in the last 10 years. Second, based on the results obtained, we propose a new perspective on the role of cognitive effort in soccer. A systematic review (SR) was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines and registered in PROSPERO. A total of 18 articles met the inclusion criteria. The results showed an increase in the publications related to mental fatigue from 2014 onward. They were compared according to focus, sample, instruments and outcomes. Our proposal assumes that physical-physiological, technical-motor and tactical-cognitive demands entail a cognitive load that reduces the perfor mance of players. Studies that prioritise controlling behavioural and physiological responses in cognitive tests are still needed

Contributions to the knowledge of predaceous midges of the subgenus <i>Eukraiohelea</i> Ingram & Macfie of <i>Stilobezzia</i> Kieffer (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), from Brazil

Two new species of predaceous midges of the subgenus Eukraiohelea Ingram & Macfie of Stilobezzia Kieffer are described and illustrated: Stilobezzia (Eukraiohelea) proxima n. sp. and S. (E.) quasielegantula n. sp. The previously known New World species, Stilobezzia (E.) elegantula (Johannsen) is redescribed and illustrated. The species are illustrated through photomicrographs from adult males and females collected in the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro. A key to adults of the five American species of Stilobezzia (Eukraiohelea) is also provided.Duas novas espécies de ceratopogonídeos predadores do subgênero Eukraiohelea Ingram & Macfie de Stilobezzia Kieffer são descritas e ilustradas: Stilobezzia (Eukraiohelea) proxima n. sp. e S. (E.) quasielegantula n. sp. A espécie do Novo Mundo previamente conhecidas, Stilobezzia (E.) elegantula (Johannsen), é redescrita e ilustrada. As espécies são ilustradas por microfotografias de machos e fêmeas coletados no estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. É fornecida uma chave dos adultos de Stilobezzia (Eukraiohelea) para as cinco espécies do continente americano.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

Textile sludge compost on soybean and wheat seedlings

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do composto de lodo têxtil sobre plântulas de soja e trigo. O composto de lodo têxtil foi misturado com água e solução nutritiva nas seguintes concentrações (g do composto em 1.000 mL de água e solução nutritiva): 19 g L-1, 38 g L-1, 76 g L-1 e 152 g L-1. Um controle, constituído de água e solução nutritiva, foi incluído no experimento. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições. As plântulas de soja e trigo foram expostas aos extratos do composto, em sistema de hidroponia com aeração e, após 15 dias, foram avaliadas a massa da matéria seca total, altura da parte aérea, comprimento radicular, conteúdo de clorofila e atividade da peroxidase nas folhas e raízes. Houve diminuição na massa da matéria seca total, altura da parte aérea e comprimento radicular das plântulas de soja e trigo com o aumento da concentração do composto, a partir de 38 g L-1. A atividade da peroxidase, das raízes e das folhas das plântulas de soja e trigo, aumentou a partir da concentração de 38 g L-1. Concentrações maiores do composto de lodo têxtil afetam, de forma prejudicial, as plântulas de soja e trigo.The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of textile sludge compost on soybean and wheat seedlings. The textile sludge compost was mixed with water plus nutritive solution, in the following concentrations (g of compost in 1,000 mL of water plus nutritive solution): 19 g L-1, 38 g L-1, 76 g L-1 and 152 g L-1. A control, constituted of water plus nutritive solution, was included in the experiment. A completely randomized design was used with four replicates. The seedlings were exposed to the concentrations of compost extract, in hydroponic system, and after 15 days, the total dry mass, height of aerial part, root length, chlorophyll content and peroxidase activity of leaves and roots were evaluated. Seedlings of both crops showed a decrease in the total dry mass, height of aerial part and root length with application of compost in concentrations equal to or above 38 g L-1. Peroxidase activity in roots and leaves increased with the concentration of compost equal to or above 38 g L-1. Concentrations above 19 g L-1 of this textile sludge compost are harmfull to soybean and wheat seedlings