Oral peripheral nerve sheath tumors : a clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study of 32 cases in a Brazilian population

Oral peripheral nerve sheath tumors (OPNSTs) are reactive or neoplastic diseases that develop from proliferation of the nerve itself or their limiting sheaths. Here we describe the clinicopathologic data of OPNSTs observed in a sample of the Brazilian population and evaluate the expression of molecules associated with neural biology to determine their usefulness in the diagnosis. Descriptive study of cases diagnosed as OPNSTs, from the Pathology Laboratory at the School of Dentistry/ Federal University of Uberlandia, followed by an immunohistochemical study of S-100, CD57, neurofilament protein (NFP) and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA). OPNSTs comprised 0.27% of all biopsies. There were eight patients with neurofibromas, eight with traumatic neuromas, seven with schwannomas, five with granular cell tumor (GCT), and four with palisaded encapsulated neuromas (PEN). Women were more frequently affected (60.6% of the cases). Tongue and lips prevailed as the most frequent sites. S-100 was reactive in 100% of the cases. Neural fibers evidenced by CD57 reactivity of their Schwann cells were always nested in bundles within neurofibromas and GCT, absent within schwannomas and dispersed within PEN. Reactivity for NFP was limited to axons and then followed the same pattern of CD57, though much less evident. Reactivity for EMA was observed in the capsular tissues and perineurium of nerve fascicles, and absent in parenchymal cells of GCT. This study showed that OPNSTs are rare, widely benign and often found in tongue and lips. OPNSTs evolve from a common origin to distinct histological patterns, with eventual overlapping in their clinical and morphologic features. The arrangement of reactive residual neural fibers for CD57 can be a useful staining in the differential diagnosis of OPNSTs

Differential metallothionein expression in oral lichen planus and amalgam-associated oral lichenoid lesions

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disease mediated by T cells, which manifests as reticular (white) or erosive (red) lesions, that are eventually painful. Oral lichenoid lesion (OLL) are distinguished from OLP by the presence of precipitating factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the presence of metallothionein, which is involved in anti-apoptotic pathways and the anti-oxidative response, could serve as a differential diagnostic for OLP and OLL. We evaluated the expression of metallothionein in 40 cases of OLP and 20 cases of OLL using immunohistochemistry. White OLP has higher concentrations of metallothionein than red OLP in basal and parabasal layers. Moreover, metallothionein was more frequently observed in the cytoplasm and nuclei of basal cells in OLP patients compared to the same regions of OLL cases. Metallothionein levels are related to OLP severity and may contribute to a differential diagnosis between OLP and OLL

Missed opportunities for serological evaluation of human immunodeficiency virus infection during routine outpatient care at the University Hospital of Brasilia, Federal District

Foram estudados os fatores envolvidos na oferta de sorologia para detectar a infecção pelo vírus de imunodeficiência humana, no atendimento de adultos no ambulatório do Hospital Universitário de Brasília, por meio de aplicação de questionários específicos a 53 médicos e 347 usuários. Os resultados revelaram que 96,8% dos usuários identificaram como fator de risco para adquirir a infecção as relações sexuais desprotegidas e 13,6% desconheciam a possibilidade de transmissão vertical. Em relação à exposição dos usuários aos fatores de risco, 88,2% praticaram relações sexuais desprotegidas, 22,2% tiveram diagnóstico de outras doenças de transmissão sexual e 22,2% tinham recebido transfusões sangüíneas. Os fatores de risco mais questionados pelos médicos foram a prática de relações sexuais desprotegidas e o diagnóstico prévio de hepatite B ou C (35,9% para ambos). Dezoito por cento dos usuários receberam oferta de testes no Hospital Universitário de Brasília; 15,8% foram testados e 7,4% dos indivíduos testados não tiveram acesso ao resultado. Noventa e um por cento dos médicos referiram sentir-se confortáveis ao oferecer testes e apenas 30,4% oferecem-nos rotineiramente. O estudo confirma a perda de oportunidades de testagem sorológica para detectar a infecção no Hospital Universitário de Brasília e reforça a necessidade de implementar medidas para corrigir o problema.The factors involved in the provision of serological testing to detect human immunodeficiency virus infection, for adults within the outpatient care setting at the University Hospital of Brasilia, were studied. Specific questionnaires were applied to 53 physicians and 347 users. The results showed that 96.8% of the users identified unprotected sexual intercourse as a risk factor for acquiring this infection and that 13.6% were unaware of possibility of vertical transmission. Regarding users' exposure to risk factors, 88.2% practiced unprotected sexual intercourse, 22.2% had a diagnosis of other sexually transmitted diseases and 22.2% had received blood transfusions. The risk factors that physicians asked about most frequently were unprotected sexual practices and previous diagnoses of hepatitis B or C (35.9% for each). Eighteen percent of the users had been offered tests at the University Hospital of Brasilia; 15.8% underwent tests and 7.4% of the individuals tested had not had access to the results. Ninety-one percent of the physicians said that they felt comfortable about offering tests, while only 30.4% offered them routinely. The study confirms that opportunities for serological testing to detect this infection at the University Hospital of Brasilia have been missed and reinforces the need to implement measures to correct this problem

Partial replacement of corn by energy sources for beef cattle at pasture

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da substituição parcial do milho por fontes energéticas alternativas, em suplementos concentrados para bovinos de corte mantidos em pasto de Urochloa brizantha cultivar Marandu, durante o período das águas, no consumo e na digestibilidade aparente total dos alimentos. Foram utilizados cinco bovinos Nelore com peso médio corporal inicial de 367,8±4,31 kg. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental quadrado latino 5x5, com cinco animais e cinco tratamentos. Foram avaliados: suplementos concentrados isoproteicos, com 30% de proteína bruta, formulados à base de grãos de milho, de milheto e de sorgo, e casca de soja; e um suplemento mineral (controle). Não foram observadas diferenças significativas no consumo de matéria seca (MS) total e de matéria orgânica (MO) entre os animais que receberam suplementação mineral e os que receberam suplementação concentrada; no entanto, estes últimos apresentaram menor (12,28%) consumo de MS de pasto. A suplementação concentrada aumentou o coeficiente de digestibilidade aparente total da MS, da MO, da proteína bruta e dos carboidratos não fibrosos que não foram influenciados pelas fontes de energia. Os grãos de milheto e de sorgo e a casca de soja podem ser utilizados em substituição parcial ao milho, na formulação de suplementos concentrados, sem prejudicar o consumo e a digestibilidade dos nutrientes da dieta.The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the partial replacement of corn by alternative energy sources in concentrate supplements for beef cattle kept on Urochloa brizantha cultivar Marandu pasture, during the rainy season, on feed intake and total apparent digestibility. Five Nellore cattle with initial average body weight of 367.8±4.31 kg were used. The experimental design was a 5x5 Latin square, with five animals and five treatments. The following were evaluated: isoproteic concentrate supplements, at 30% crude protein, formulated with corn, millet, and sorghum grains, and soybean hulls; and a mineral supplement (control). No significant differences were observed in total dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) intake between the animals fed mineral supplementation and those receiving concentrate supplementation; however, the latter showed the lowest (12.28%) pasture DM intake. Concentrate supplementation increased the coefficient of total apparent digestibility of DM, OM, crude protein, and of non‑fiber carbohydrates that were not affected by the energy sources. Millet and sorghum grains, and soybean hulls can be used to partially replace corn in the formulation of concentrate supplements without affecting intake and digestibility of dietary nutrients

Efeito de extratos vegetais na inibição do crescimento micelial de Pyricularia grisea

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the oil extracted from four lant species and different types of citronella grass extracts in the inhibition of the mycelial growth of the fungi Pyricularia grisea. The fungitoxicity of the essential oil of citronella grass (Cymbopogon nardus), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus citriodora), copaiba (Copaifera officinalis) and buriti (Mauritia flexuosa) were evaluated. The commercial oil of opaiba and buriti were acquired in free markets of Gurupi-TO and the essential oil of citronella grass and eucalyptus were extracted by steam distillation. In other experiment, five types of the citronella grass extracts were used: maceration, infusion, decoction, essential oil and hydrolate. The use of essential oil of citronella grass provided greater potential in inhibition of the mycelial growth of P. grisea (CE50 = 0,191 ppm) when compared to the others oils evaluated and the others types of citronella grass extracts.O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito do óleo extraído de quatro espécies e de diferentes tipos de extratos de capim-citronela na inibição do crescimento micelial dos fungos Pyricularia grisea. Foram avaliadas a fungitoxicidade do óleo essencial de capim-citronela (Cymbopogon nardus), eucalipto (Eucalyptus citriodora), copaíba (Copaifera officinalis) e buriti (Mauritia flexuosa). O óleo comercial de opaiba e buriti foi adquirido nos mercados livres de Gurupi-TO e o óleo essencial de capim-citronela e eucalipto foi extraído por destilação a vapor. Em outro experimento, cinco tipos de extratos de capim-citronela foram utilizados: maceração, infusão, decocção, óleo essencial e hidrolato. O uso de óleo essencial de capim-citronela proporcionou maior potencial de inibição do crescimento micelial de P. grisea (CE50 = 0,191 ppm) quando comparado aos demais óleos avaliados e aos demais tipos de extratos de capim-citronela

Eletromyography of abdominal muscles in different physical exercises: An update protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:The abdominal muscles are extremely important because they are directly involved in the functions of support, containment of viscera, and help in the process of expiration, defecation, urination, vomiting, and also at the time of childbirth. Many exercises and equipment are used to strengthen the abdominal muscles, and the workouts are proposed for a variety of purposes, such as preventing and rehabilitating low back pain, improving sports performance, achieving aesthetic standards, among others. Exercises that potentiate the electromyographic activity promote a greater recruitment of muscle fibers and are more effective to improve or maintain of the force. The electromyographic activity analysis allows us to reflect on the quality of the exercises proposed, consequently, to choose and order the exercises properly in a training session.Methods:Our systematic review protocol will developed following the reporting items for the systematic review. To identify relevant studies, we sought articles on the following bases: MEDLINE, PubMed, Europubmed, SciELO, Physiotherapy Evidences Data Base (PEDro), Cochrane, and Google Scholar. The methodological quality of the studies included in the review will evaluated using a checklist and quality assessment. For intervention studies, risk of bias will estimated using the Cochrane Collaboration tool.Results:The results of this study will show the electromyographic activation of the abdomen in the different types of exercises.Conclusion:Ethics approval was not required for this study because it was based on published studies. The results and findings of this study will be submitted and published in a scientific peer-reviewed journal.Systematic review registration:PROSPERO CRD42018086172.Univ Fed Uberlandia, Inst Biomed Sci, Electromyog Lab, Uberlandia, MG, BrazilUniv Fed Uberlandia, Lab Expt Med, Uberlandia, MG, BrazilUniv Fed Goias, Dept Biol Sci, Catalao, BrazilUNIPAC Coll Uberlandia, Uberlandia, MG, BrazilUniv Fed Uberlandia, Coll Phys Educ, Uberlandia, MG, BrazilAtenas Coll, Morphofunct Dept, Paracatu, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Biosci, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Biosci, Sao Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

MANEJO ECOFISIOLÓGICO DO PASTO NA PRODUÇÃO DE OVINOS

Objetivou-se com esta revisão de literatura apresentar alguns resultados de pesquisa, por meio de trabalhos que buscaram consolidar a melhor forma de manejo das pastagens e do pastejo. Buscou-se aliar estudos já existentes na área, para comparar com os resultados obtidos com as novas técnicas. Nas pesquisas são utilizadas os sitemas de pastejo sob lotação continua e sob lotação rotativa, com o âmbito de equilibrar o manejo com a fisiologia da planta. Conclui-se com os resultados de pesquisas que cada cultivar deve ter seu própio manejo, pois reagem de forma diferente após a desfolhação. Porém, sem um manejo adequado da estrutura do pasto, nem o animal e nem a planta poderão exercer seu máximo potencial produtivo. Neste sentido, estudos devem ser realizados para que possamos entender e aliar o manejo do pastejo com o manejo da pastagem, maximizando o sistema de produção.