Visualizar un mecanismo y/o herramienta virtual que permita monitorear el cumplimiento de los acuerdos sancionados por el cabildo distrital 2014

Siendo el concejo de Bogotá un ente de control político como suprema autoridad en el Distrito Capital, con atribuciones de carácter normativo y de control de la gestión que cumplen las autoridades distritales, esta corporación tiene falencias para realizar el seguimiento y evaluación en sus decisiones, aun cuando dentro de su misión está la de promover el desarrollo integral y armónico de la ciudad y por lo contrario, ha sido tachada por su recientes escándalos.As the council of Bogotá a body of political control as the supreme authority in the Capital District with normative powers and management control that meet the district authorities, the corporation has shortcomings for monitoring and evaluation in their decisions, even when within its mission is to promote the full and harmonious development of the city and on the contrary, has been branded by its recent scandals

Risk-assessment V1.0: A new interactive software to develop risk assessment using MATLAB®

This article presents the use of an interactive computer tool developed in MATLAB® called RISKASSESSMENT v1.0, to perform market risk analysis of commercial products, through the development of cash flow, sensitivity analysis, and SpiderPlot graphics, which allow the identification of the economic-financial equilibrium point of a company. The tool facilitates the reduction of the uncertainty produced in the return on investment due to changes in the economic environment of the sector in which the company operates, through statistical techniques and tools that involve parameters such as the annual effective rate in the Colombian national currency, net present value, internal rate of return, period of recovery of capital, through a sensitivity analysis. To validate the effectiveness of using software in the development of risk analysis, a case study was conducted for an alcohol beverage sales business, where, based on the portfolio containing the product quantity, unit variable cost, sales price, percentage of sales growth and annual sales volume, in addition to detailed information on the initial investment, the cash flow with a 5-year horizon, the net present value, the internal rate of return, the period of capital recovery and the average accounting profitability are calculated. The tool also performs sensitivity analysis and SpiderPlot for each of the products. Finally, the program presented allows to calculate the annual cash flows in a fast and didactic way, which normally requires time and specialized training in a traditional exercise

Risk-assessment V1.0: A new interactive software to develop risk assessment using MATLAB®

This article presents the use of an interactive computer tool developed in MATLAB® called RISKASSESSMENT v1.0, to perform market risk analysis of commercial products, through the development of cash flow, sensitivity analysis, and SpiderPlot graphics, which allow the identification of the economic-financial equilibrium point of a company. The tool facilitates the reduction of the uncertainty produced in the return on investment due to changes in the economic environment of the sector in which the company operates, through statistical techniques and tools that involve parameters such as the annual effective rate in the Colombian national currency, net present value, internal rate of return, period of recovery of capital, through a sensitivity analysis. To validate the effectiveness of using software in the development of risk analysis, a case study was conducted for an alcohol beverage sales business, where, based on the portfolio containing the product quantity, unit variable cost, sales price, percentage of sales growth and annual sales volume, in addition to detailed information on the initial investment, the cash flow with a 5-year horizon, the net present value, the internal rate of return, the period of capital recovery and the average accounting profitability are calculated. The tool also performs sensitivity analysis and SpiderPlot for each of the products. Finally, the program presented allows to calculate the annual cash flows in a fast and didactic way, which normally requires time and specialized training in a traditional exercise

Numerical Based Approach for Predicting the Response of Flexible Risers Under Oscillatory Flows at Low Re and KC Numbers

Flexible riser response prediction relies on semi-empirical models hindered by limitations due experimental data scarcity for particular modelling considerations. This paper presents a numerical-based approach for predicting the flexible riser response under oscillatory flows. A single freedom degree spring-mass-damper system is employed with the mass allowed to move in cross-flow direction. To discretize the Navier-Stokes equations the Finite Volume Method is used. To analyse the flow patterns in each regime the cylinder oscillating period is executed for long time. A bi-dimensional model is setting up using OpenFOAM simulations. Flow behavior, hydrodynamic forces and frequencies were analyzed for Reynolds values between 40-1000 using a KC number 7,9. For Reynolds less than 300 the behavior is in agreement with the literature. For Reynolds 300 or higher, some discrepancies appear in the system dynamics. The numerical results obtained from the numerical approach shows good agreement with experimental data collected from a flexible riser model

Ten systemic steps for sustainable energy savings in small and medium enterprises

Energy savings are a priority in the different industrial sectors including Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). They have a conceptual perception of energy savings by replacing their service and production technologies with more efficient one. However, this technological change requires large-scale investment. There is another approach that can be used to reduce energy costs that has less impact on company production costs and does not require investments in technology. This approach considers planning and control procedures, which are considered in the present study. This study proposes a new method consisting of 10 systematic steps to achieve energy savings in SMEs. This method initially evaluates when, how, and where the energy is used, then identifies opportunities to achieve sustainable energy savings. The method involves various activities including an assessment of energy efficiency based on final energy consumption, adjusting production plans with low energy consumption and costs, and monitoring the energy budget. Application of this methodology in SMEs can save energy around 5 − 20% over a period of 1 to 3 y with some very low payback periods of less than a year. Operational controls implementation in Significant Energy Uses (SEU) can save energy around 2 − 5% of the consumption, without requiring investment in technology

Identification of energy saving potential in steam boiler through an ISO 50001 standard

The energy performance of steam boilers, such as the efficiency and the evaporation ratio can decrease along time because of the poor combustion, heat transfer fouling, poor operation, and low maintenance rate. The energy indicators assessment allows to observe the abnormal operational deviations to implement corrective action, so it is necessary to find out the level of efficiency in real time to evaluate the thermal performance, which is an obligatory requirement to implement the energy management program in the industry. As a contribution in the area of energy efficiency in steam boilers, the results of an applied research are presented, where the behavior of steam production and gas consumption as input variables were considered to apply the methodology and obtain the energy saving results on a boiler from 125.000lb/h steam capacity. The consumption and energy production control charts, the base and goal line, and base 100 indicators were calculated to facilitate the energy monitoring of the steam boiler for a period six month. Letting the application of the methodology to recognize saving opportunities starting from the analysis of variables that impact the energy consumption affected by different ways energy consumption of the company. The study showed a linear base with the form EB = 0.0595x + 0.988, with a linear correlation equal to R2 = 0.973 and a goal line EG = 0.0586x + 1.3814, with a linear correlation of R² = 0.97, which means statistical validity in the data collection. Additionally, the base 100 index was calculated to identify satisfactory the peaks of energy efficiency, showing efficiency and inefficiency in the process. The study shows that data reflected below the efficiency rate (100) are considered peaks of energy inefficiency, which means energy saving opportunities for operational control, maintenance management, production planning, besides the typical ones due to technological changes

Numerical Based Approach for Predicting the Response of Flexible Risers Under Oscillatory Flows at Low Re and KC Numbers

Flexible riser response prediction relies on semi-empirical models hindered by limitations due experimental data scarcity for particular modelling considerations. This paper presents a numerical-based approach for predicting the flexible riser response under oscillatory flows. A single freedom degree spring-mass-damper system is employed with the mass allowed to move in cross-flow direction. To discretize the Navier-Stokes equations the Finite Volume Method is used. To analyse the flow patterns in each regime the cylinder oscillating period is executed for long time. A bi-dimensional model is setting up using OpenFOAM simulations. Flow behavior, hydrodynamic forces and frequencies were analyzed for Reynolds values between 40-1000 using a KC number 7,9. For Reynolds less than 300 the behavior is in agreement with the literature. For Reynolds 300 or higher, some discrepancies appear in the system dynamics. The numerical results obtained from the numerical approach shows good agreement with experimental data collected from a flexible riser model

Techno-economic analysis of on-grid biomass renewable energy power station: A case study in Caribbean region of Colombia

In this article a techno-economic study of an Electric-Biomass on-grid power plant is presented, in order to compare the performance and the operating annual cost under some types of biogas produced from poultry, bovine and porcine manure, and solid urban organic waste, using the Homer® software to develop many solutions. Certainly, the best set up had the maximum combined renewable energy with a minimum electric consumption from the grid. The scheme was integrated by two 500kW biogas-powered electric generator on grid to supply an average energy of 1401.6kW, with an annual operating cost of $2.09 million when the energy supply is electric. Results presented a significant operational cost reduction when the biogas generator is operating on grid, finding an 8.61% of cost decrease using biogas generated from poultry, bovine and porcine manure, and a 10.53% of cost decrease using biogas from solid urban organic waste from centers and grocery market places at Caribbean Region of Colombia

Analysis and optimization for the process of glass tempering using autoclave

A mathematical analysis of the glass tempering process was carried out using an autoclave, varying the operating parameters of the system. It was found that the process time can be reduced by up to 3.23% by changing the resistance to 15Ω, but increasing the resistance more than this value would mean compromising the quality of the final product. Thus, it is advisable to make variations of the resistance between 10Ω and15Ω, which will allow the optimization of the process time and pressures without affecting the quality of the resul

Bibliometric study of state observer research applied to internal combustion engine

The present study was conducted to evaluate the worldwide scientific production related to observers applied to internal combustion engines by taking information from the Web of Science (WoS) database and taking the papers published between 2001 − 2017. The works found are mostly research articles with a total of 130 articles equivalent to 97.01%, of the 134 articles studied, and it was also noted that the production of this type of work increased in the last 3 years, with the maximum value in 2015 being 22 articles, even in those 3 years, the greatest number of references were also found. The United States is the country with the highest number of publications with 42 followed by People´s Republic of China, France and UK with 41, 11 and 11 respectively. Although the USA is the country with the highest number of publications, China has consolidated its position as the country with the highest number of publications and citations in the last 3 years. However, within the top 10 institutes with the highest number of publications, 4 of them are from the United States, among which Ohio State University stands out as the institute with the highest number of publications with 16 (11.9%). On the other hand, the most commonly used words in the documents were observer (91), control (47), engine (47), based (42) and estimation (41)