‘Juzgados sin condena’. Un blog periodístico sobre el derecho a la presunción de inocencia

El sensacionalismo que se genera ante los sucesos más morbosos o escabrosos de la actualidad hacen que algunos trabajadores de los medios de comunicación olviden los códigos éticos y deontológicos que se presuponen salvaguardados por los periodistas para conseguir mayor número de visualizaciones, lograr más suscriptores o vender más periódicos. Buena parte del incorrecto tratamiento mediático que se da a la cobertura de crímenes y otras noticias propias de la sección de sucesos enlaza con la falta de respeto por la llamada “presunción de inocencia”, a tenor de que con frecuencia se da por sentada la culpabilidad de arrestados, detenidos o meros sospechosos de la comisión de un delito que la policía investiga o sobre el que el correspondiente juez no se ha pronunciado (es decir, el juicio no ha tenido lugar y, en consecuencia, no hay condena más allá del señalamiento mediático). Con el fin de ayudar al alumnado en Periodismo a la hora de combatir la mala praxis y evitar los denominados juicios paralelos, surge ‘Juzgados sin condena’, un blog elaborado con el gestor de contenido WordPress y recursos propios de Genially y Adobe Illustrator, al objeto de dar una utilidad práctica al Trabajo de Fin de Grado (TFG). En este blog, los usuarios --lectores y lectoras-- podrán encontrar alusiones a los manuales de estilo de algunos de los medios del panorama nacional español, así como leyes que recuerdan el significado de la presunción de inocencia, un glosario para evitar equivocaciones en la redacción de las noticias, consejos o pautas y el análisis de nueve casos reales que los periodistas de periódicos, radios y televisiones no trataron con la suficiente profesionalidadThe sensationalism generated in the face of the most morbid or lurid events of today makes some media workers forget the ethical and deontological codes that are supposed to be safeguarded by journalists to achieve more visualizations, get more subscribers or sell more newspapers. A good part of the incorrect media treatment given to the coverage of crimes and other news of the section of events links with the lack of respect for the so-called "presumption of innocence", according to which the guilt of persons arrested, detained or merely suspected of committing an offence that is being investigated by the police or on which the relevant judge has not pronounced is often taken for granted (that is to say, the trial has not taken place and, consequently, there is no condemnation beyond the media signal). In order to help students in Journalism to combat malpractice and avoid so-called parallel trials, emerges 'Judged without Conviction', a blog developed with the content manager WordPress and own resources of Genially and Adobe Illustrator, in order to give practical use to the Final Grade Work (TFG). In this blog, users will find allusions to the style manuals of some of the media in the Spanish national scene, as well as laws that recall the meaning of the presumption of innocence, a glossary to avoid mistakes in the drafting of news, advice or guidelines and the analysis of nine real cases that journalists from newspapers, radio and television did not treat with sufficient professionalismDepartamento de Historia Moderna, Contemporánea y de América, Periodismo y Comunicación Audiovisual y PublicidadGrado en Periodism

Desarrollo, seguimiento y evaluación de la formación especializada en el modelo troncal.

La implantación de la troncalidad en la formación sanitaria especializada en España es el cambio más profundo y complejo que se introduce en la regulación del sistema de formación especializada desde el año 1978. Este hecho hace imprescindible la puesta en marcha de un conjunto de elementos estructurales, organizativos y de acción dirigidos específicamente a garantizar que el proceso se implante siguiendo las premisas y calendarios previstos en las disposiciones legales que le dan soporte y de acuerdo con conceptos y evidencias científicamente fundados y que traduzcan también la experiencia acumulada en España y otros países en relación con estos temas

Age and socio-economic status affect dengue and COVID-19 incidence: Spatio-temporal analysis of the 2020 syndemic in Buenos Aires City

In early 2020, Argentina experienced the worst dengue outbreak in its history, concomitant with first-to-date increasing COVID-19 cases. Dengue epidemics in temperate Argentina have already been described as spatially heterogeneous; in the previous 2016 outbreak, transmission occurred 7.3 times more frequently in slums compared to the rest of Buenos Aires City (CABA). These informal settlements have deficient sanitary conditions, precarious housing and high incidence of social vulnerabilities. The purpose of this work was to study the spatio-temporal patterns of the 2020 dengue epidemic in CABA in relation to socio-economic living conditions of its inhabitants and its interaction with the onset of COVID-19. The study considered the period between Jan 1st and May 30th 2020. Dengue and COVID-19 databases were obtained from the National Health Surveillance System; each record was anonymized and geo-localized. The city was divided according to census tracts and grouped in four socio-economic strata: slums, high, mid and low residential. An aligned-rank transform ANOVA was performed to test for differences in the incidence of dengue and COVID-19, and age at death due to COVID-19, among socio-economic strata, four age categories and their interaction. The incidence by cluster was calculated with a distance matrix up to 600 m from the centroid. Spatial joint dengue and COVID-19 risk was estimated by multiplying the nominal risk for each disease, defined from 1 (low) to 5 (high) according to their quantiles. During the study period, 7,175 dengue cases were registered in CABA (incidence rate 23.3 cases per 10,000 inh), 29.2% of which occurred in slums. During the same period, 8,809 cases of COVID-19 were registered (28.6 cases per 10,000 inh); over half (51.4%) occurred in slums, where the median age of cases (29 years old) was lower than in residential areas (42 years old). The mean age of the deceased was 58 years old in slums compared to 79 years old outside. The percentage of deaths in patients under 60 years old was 56% in slums compared to 8% in the rest of the city. The incidence of both diseases was higher in slums than in residential areas for most age categories. Spatial patterns were heterogeneous: dengue presented higher incidence values in the southern sector of the city and the west, and low values in highly urbanized quarters, whereas COVID-19 presented higher values in the east, south, high populated areas and slums. The lowest joint risk clusters were located mainly in high residential areas, whereas high joint risk was observed mainly in the south, some western clusters, the historical part of the city and center north. The social epidemiological perspective of dengue and COVID-19 differed, given that socio environmental heterogeneity influenced the burden of both viruses in a different manner. Despite the overwhelming effect of the COVID-19 pandemic, health care towards other diseases, especially in territories with pre-existing vulnerabilities, should not be unattended.Fil: Carbajo, Anibal Eduardo. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental; ArgentinaFil: Cardo, María Victoria. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental; ArgentinaFil: Pesce, Martina. Ministerio de Salud de la Nación; ArgentinaFil: Iummato, Luciana E.. Ministerio de Salud de la Nación; ArgentinaFil: Bárcena Barbeira, Pilar. Ministerio de Salud de la Nación; ArgentinaFil: Santini, Maria Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Dirección Nacional de Instituto de Investigación. Administración Nacional de Laboratorio e Instituto de Salud "Dr. C. G. Malbrán". Instituto Nacional de Parasitología "Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben"; ArgentinaFil: Utgés, María Eugenia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Dirección Nacional de Institutos de Investigación. Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud. Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico e Investigaciones Endemo-epidémicas; Argentin

How to be ironic: A proposal for teaching irony’s prosodic and kinesic features

La ironía es un fenómeno complejo que puede suponer un verdadero reto para los aprendientes de Español como Lengua Extranjera (ELE). Sin embargo, los enunciados irónicos presentan marcas e indicadores que pueden facilitar al estudiante su aprendizaje. El objetivo de este trabajo es ofrecer una propuesta didáctica para enseñar las marcas prosódicas y kinésicas de la ironía, ante la falta de recursos que aborden estos rasgos. Para ello, nos basamos en los parámetros del método verbo-tonal y adoptamos un enfoque fonocognitivo, que abarca tanto la percepción como la producción de enunciados irónicos. Con la ayuda del programa informático PRAAT, de una metáfora visual y de diversos materiales audiovisuales, los estudiantes serán capaces de reconocer las particularidades del patrón entonativo de la ironía (subida de la f0, aumento de la duración), así como sus indicadores kinésicos (guiños, miradas, sonrisas, etcétera).Irony is a complicated matter, which can present a considerable challenge for a Spanish as a Second Language (SSL) student. Nevertheless, ironic statements have a number of distinctive characteristics that can allow for and potentially facilitate learning. Due to the lack of resources in this field, the purpose of this paper is to propose a lesson plan to teach the prosodic and kinesic features of irony. This lesson plan was based on the principals of the Verbotonal Method and takes a phono-cognitive approach to the perception and production of ironic statements. Aided by the computer program PRAAT, a visual metaphor and other audiovisual materials, the students should be able to recognise the characteristics of the ironic intonation (a rise of the f0, prolonged statements) and its kinesic features (winks, gazes, grins, etcetera)

Is autumn the key for dengue epidemics in non endemic regions? The case of Argentina

Background. Dengue is a major and rapidly increasing public health problem. In Argentina, the southern extreme of its distribution in the Americas, epidemic transmission takes place during the warm season. Since its re-emergence in 1998 two major outbreaks have occurred, the biggest during 2016. To identify the environmental factors that trigger epidemic events, we analyzed the occurrence and magnitude of dengue outbreaks in time and space at different scales in association with climatic, geographic and demographic variables and number of cases in endemic neighboring countries. Methods. Information on dengue cases was obtained from dengue notifications reported in the National Health Surveillance System. The resulting database was analyzed by Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMM) under three methodological approaches to: identify in which years the most important outbreaks occurred in association with environmental variables and propose a risk estimation for future epidemics (temporal approach); characterize which variables explain the occurrence of local outbreaks through time (spatio-temporal approach); and select the environmental drivers of the geographical distribution of dengue positive districts during 2016 (spatial approach). Results. Within the temporal approach, the number of dengue cases country-wide between 2009 and 2016 was positively associated with the number of dengue cases in bordering endemic countries and negatively with the days necessary for transmission (DNT) during the previous autumn in the central region of the country. Annual epidemic intensity in the period between 1999-2016 was associated with DNT during previous autumn and winter. Regarding the spatio-temporal approach, dengue cases within a district were also associated with mild conditions in the previous autumn along with the number of dengue cases in neighboring countries. As for the spatial approach, the best model for the occurrence of two or more dengue cases per district included autumn minimum temperature and human population as fixed factors, and the province as a grouping variable. Explanatory power of all models was high, in the range 57-95%. Discussion. Given the epidemic nature of dengue in Argentina, virus pressure from endemic neighboring countries along with climatic conditions are crucial to explain disease dynamics. In the three methodological approaches, temperature conditions during autumn were best associated with dengue patterns. We propose that mild autumns represent an advantage for mosquito vector populations and that, in temperate regions, this advantage manifests as a larger egg bank from which the adult population will re-emerge in spring. This may constitute a valuable anticipating tool for high transmission risk events.Fil: Carbajo, Anibal Eduardo. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigación en Ingeniería Ambiental; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Cardo, María Victoria. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigación en Ingeniería Ambiental; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Guimarey, Pilar Consuelo. Dirección Nacional de Instituto de Investigación.Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán"; ArgentinaFil: Lizuain, Arturo Andrés. Dirección Nacional de Instituto de Investigación.Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán"; ArgentinaFil: Buyayisqui, María Pía. Ministerio de Salud de la Nación; ArgentinaFil: Varela, Teresa. Ministerio de Salud de la Nación; ArgentinaFil: Utgés, Maria E.. Dirección Nacional de Instituto de Investigación.Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán"; ArgentinaFil: Giovacchini, Carlos. Ministerio de Salud de la Nación; ArgentinaFil: Santini, Maria Soledad. Dirección Nacional de Instituto de Investigación.Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán"; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Understanding the active sites of boron nitride for CWPO: An experimental and computational approach

[EN] Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) has been explored as a catalyst for degrading persistent organic pollutants in wastewater by Catalytic Wet Peroxide Oxidation (CWPO). Herein, the superior activity of the h-BN on the phenol degradation (model pollutant) compared to other metal-free catalysts, such as carbon-based ones, and the lower selectivity to CO encourage the potential application of h-BN catalysts in CWPO processes. Through a combined density functional theory calculations, experimental reactions and catalyst characterization approach, a comprehensive study on the reaction mechanism has been conducted. According to this, only defected B atoms in the h-BN layer, protonated as B-(OH), decompose the hydrogen peroxide into highly reactive hydroxyl radicals. The radical species diffuse towards inner h-BN regions and react with the phenol adsorbed by π-π interaction on the h-BN surface. Oxidation by-products cause carbonaceous deposits and progressive deactivation of the h-BN catalyst that can be directly regenerated by burning off in air.The authors thank the financial support by the Community of Madrid and the Government of Spain through the projects: S2018/EMT- 4341 and RTI2018-095052-B-I00 (MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE), respectively. The work done at the University of Sevilla was funded by Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación and EU-FEDER, grant PID2019-106871 GB-I00, and the Junta de Andalucía-FEDER, grant: US-1381410. Also, G. Vega acknowledges the Community of Madrid for the Predoctoral contract PEJD-2018-PRE/AMB-9019, co-financed by the European Social Fund through the Youth Employment Operational Program and the Youth Employment Initiative (YEI) 2018. J. Carbajo thanks the financial support by the Government of Spain for a grant under the Juan de la Cierva_Incorporación programme (IJCI-2017- 32682). The authors would like to thank A. Pérez for performing the BET and TGA measurements

Cervical spine chordoma

[ES] Los cordomas son neoplasias que derivan de restos embrionarios de la notocorda, siendo su principal asiento en la región sacrococcigea; los de localización cervical son poco frecuentes, suponen menos del 10% de todos los cordomas. Su diagnóstico se ve retrasado hasta que alcanzan un gran tamaño debido a su lento crecimiento, pese a lo cual son tumores localmente agresivos por su relación con estructuras neurovasculares críticas, presentando una alta tasa de recurrencia local. El tratamiento de elección es la cirugía radical y la radioterapia con protones se emplea para la persistencia tumoral y las recidivas. Presentamos el caso de un paciente con cordoma cervical, dada la rareza de esta entidad. [EN] Chordomas are neoplasms that arise from notochord embryonic remnants, been the sacrococcygeal spine the main site of involvement; the cervical spine site is uncommon and it account for less than 10% of chordomas. Because of their slow growth, the diagnosis is delayed until they reach a large size, despite which they are locally aggressive tumours due to their relation to critical neurovascular structures and present a high rate of local recurrence. Radical surgery is the elective treatment and proton radiotherapy is used when residual tumour tissue and recurrences. Because of the uncommonness of this pathology, we report a case of a patient with cervical chordoma

Linfoepitelioma parotideo. Un hallazgo infrecuente

[ES] Los linfoepiteliomas son tumoraciones malignas formadas por células epiteliales pobremente diferenciadas y un infiltrado linfoide reactivo, de predominio T. La localización más frecuente de estos tumores es la nasofaringe aunque también puede afectar a glándulas salivares, pasando a denominarse linfoepitelioma-like carcinomas (LELC). Son tumores agresivos pudiendo metastatizar en ganglios cervicales, en huesos, pulmón e hígado. El tratamiento para esta patología es la cirugía sobre la lesión primaria, la disección de los ganglios linfáticos cervicales homolaterales y la radioterapia postquirúrgica. El pronóstico viene determinado por la existencia de metástasis a distancia, y se ha relacionado con la afectación ganglionar cervical avanzada. Presentamos el caso de una paciente diagnosticada de un linfoepitelioma en la glándula salivar, que consulta por una masa localizada en la cola de la parótida izquierda, de unos tres años de evolución. [EN] Lymphoepitheliomas are malignant tumours with a characteristic histological growth pattern, mixing undifferentiated epithelial cells and a predominant T cell lymphoid infiltrate. Nasopharynx is the main site for this lesion but also can affect salivary glands, so is named lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC). These are aggressive tumours and they could metastasize into the lymph neck nodes, bones, lung and liver. The treatment for these tumours is the surgery over the parotid gland, homolateral neck nodes dissection and postoperative radiotherapy. The prognosis is determined by distant metastases, related with advanced neck node disease. We report a case of a patient diagnosed of a salivary gland lymphoepithelioma, which consults for located mass into the parotid gland, with almost three years evolution

Dos tumbas individuales calcolíticas en las inmediaciones de los dólmenes de Osorno y Simancas: estudio bioantropológico, ofrenda de perros y ‘postvida’ megalítica en el valle medio del Duero

[ES] Con motivo de presentar dos tumbas individuales en fosa inéditas, se aborda un estudio de conjunto sobre las prácticas funerarias del Calcolítico Precampaniforme en la submeseta norte española. Pese a su carácter mayoritario en el registro arqueológico, se discute la representatividad como norma de este tipo de sepulturas; se rastrean comportamientos propios de rituales de enterramiento en dos tiempos, preludio de los documentados en este mismo espacio en la Edad del Bronce; se aporta información sobre el ADN mitocondrial y sexo molecular de uno de los difuntos, y se pone el énfasis, por vez primera en el Calcolítico de la cuenca del Duero, en el protagonismo de los perros en el mundo funerario. Por último, la proximidad de las dos nuevas sepulturas a sendos dólmenes –Los Zumacales (Valladolid) y La Velilla (Palencia)‒ da pie a debatir sobre el inicio de la ‘postvida’ megalítica en el valle medio del Duero.[EN] The authors examine two unpublished pits with single burials from the Spanish Northern Meseta dating to the PreBell Beaker Copper Age. Although such burials constitute the majority in the mortuary record of that time and place, we discuss the degree to which they are normative. We review the origins of the two-phased burial rituals, well attested in the area during the Bronze Age, the results of mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosome analysis in one of the skeletons, and the importance of the often overlooked dog burials in the mortuary ceremonies of the Duero valley during the Copper Age. Lastly, the proximity of these two burials to the megalithic tombs of Los Zumacales (Valladolid) and La Velilla (Palencia) allow the authors to discuss the beginning of the ´afterlife` of these monuments in the middle Duero valleyS

Dos tumbas individuales calcolíticas en las inmediaciones de los dólmenes de Osorno y Simancas: estudio bioantropológico, ofrenda de perros y ‘postvida’ megalítica en el valle medio del Duero

The authors examine two unpublished pits with single burials from the Spanish Northern Meseta dating to the Pre- Bell Beaker Copper Age.Although such burials constitute the majority in the mortuary record of that time and place, we discuss the degree to which they are normative.We review the origins of the two-phased burial rituals, well attested in the area during the Bronze Age, the results of mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosome analysis in one of the skeletons, and the importance of the often overlooked dog burials in the mortuary ceremonies of the Duero valley during the Copper Age.Lastly, the proximity of these two burials to the megalithic tombs of Los Zumacales (Valladolid) and La Velilla (Palencia) allow the authors to discuss the beginning of the ´afterlife` of these monuments in the middle Duero valley.Con motivo de presentar dos tumbas individuales en fosa inéditas, se aborda un estudio de conjunto sobre las prácticas funerarias del Calcolítico Precampaniforme en la submeseta norte española. Pese a su carácter mayoritario en el registro arqueológico, se discute la representatividad como norma de este tipo de sepulturas; se rastrean comportamientos propios de rituales de enterramiento en dos tiempos, preludio de los documentados en este mismo espacio en la Edad del Bronce; se aporta información sobre el ADN mitocondrial y sexo molecular de uno de los difuntos, y se pone el énfasis, por vez primera en el Calcolítico de la cuenca del Duero, en el protagonismo de los perros en el mundo funerario. Por último, la proximidad de las dos nuevas sepulturas a sendos dólmenes –Los Zumacales (Valladolid) y La Velilla (Palencia)? da pie a debatir sobre el inicio de la ‘postvida’ megalítica en el valle medio del Duero