Contabilidad Ad Hoc para la gestión municipal de una crisis epidémica: la fiebre amarilla en Cádiz en 1800

Este trabajo pretende contribuir a un mayor conocimiento acerca de cómo se generaron y se utilizaron en el pasado prácticas ad hoc de registro y de rendición de cuentas en el contexto del gobierno local para hacer frente a una situación de crisis. Para ello, se considera un problema de salud pública en un contexto concreto, la epidemia de fiebre amarilla en Cádiz en 1800. La particularidad del contexto estudiado, donde existía un gran bagaje contable, contribuye a que se establezcan como objetivos específicos del trabajo los siguientes: (1) explicar la génesis de los sistemas de rendición de cuentas y la propia contabilidad utilizados en la gestión municipal de una epidemia y (2) explorar la versatilidad y plasticidad que la perspectiva contable aportó a los registros generados en este contexto. Para ello, se consideran fuentes primarias y también publicaciones de la época. Las evidencias obtenidas muestran la emergencia en el ámbito local de un sistema de rendición de cuentas y de registro contable que recibe influencias del acervo contable y médico de la ciudad. Asimismo, sugieren que este acervo contable permite un uso e interpretación interesados, tanto por parte del gobierno local como por la Iglesia, los comerciantes y la profesión médica. El valor que la sociedad local confiere a los libros contables colabora en este sentido.This paper aims to extend the knowledge about how ad hoc accounting and accountability practices arose and were used in the past to face a situation of crisis in the context of local government. With this purpose, it addresses a health public problem in a specific context, the yellow fever epidemic in Cadiz in 1800. The specific characteristics of the setting, where acquaintance with accounting was usual, allow setting the following specific objectives: (1) to explain the genesis of the accountability systems and the accounting itself used for local government management of the epidemic and (2) to explore the versatility and plasticity that accounting background provides to the records produced in this context. To accomplish them, primary sources as well as publications of the time have been considered. The evidence obtained shows that both an accountability system and a basic bookkeeping system influenced by the local accounting and medical background arose in the local context. Moreover, the findings suggest that the generalized accounting background promoted the self-serving use and interpretation of the records by local government, local Church, trade association and medical profession. The value that local society attributed to accounting books was important in this sense

Characterization of archaeological bronze corrosion products crossing EIS with voltammetry of immobilized particles

Electrochemical impedance measurements were applied to microparticulate deposits of copper corrosion products attached to graphite electrodes in contact with different aqueous electrolytes (0.25 M HAc/NaAc (pH 4.75), 0.10 M HCl and 0.10 M HClO4) and the application of an interval of potentials between +0.25V to -0.75V. The conditions of operation were selected from a compromise between repeatability and sensitivity, being 0.10 M HClO4 and bias potential of 0.25 V adopted. The electrochemical impedance data were modeled on the basis of available equivalent circuits for corroded metal surfaces and the correlation between several pairs of circuit elements provided the characterization of different corrosion compounds regardless the amount of microparticulate solid on the electrode. Electrochemical grouping of samples from the archaeological Roman site of Gadara (Jordan, 4th century AD) suggests different provenances/manufacturing techniques, consistent with voltammetry of immobilized particles (VIMP) measurements. Thus, illustrating the capabilities of the intersection of such techniques in the archaeometric domain

WHEN WRITING BECOMES NIGHTMARE: HELPING STUDENTS PINPOINT WRITING TOPICS

When deciding on topics for academic research papers, many students face difficulties that vary from choosing themes whose scope is too extensive to be satisfactorily analyzed in the given task, to selecting topics that are too limited, to not being able to make a decision on a topic at all. Such struggles seem to manifest themselves in both native and non-native speakers of English. Despite extensive research on the writing process and its strategies, be it for academic writing or other genres, and even research focused on writers’ difficulties, previous research has found little about the troubles students must overcome when deciding on a research topic, and how to overcome them. This study employed a qualitative case study design with two graduate students in a master’s program in Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages, who were enrolled in two sections of a course on research, to investigate these students’ writing processes as they defined a topic for their literature review research paper. Through an in-depth analysis of samples of their writing in combination with their verbal reports, collected during individual semi-structured interviews, this case study examined how two graduate students successfully calibrated their topics, which strategies they employed to that end, and how their instructors’ actions helped them in the process. Consequently, the findings shed light on instructional practices, and their implications for teachers’ training programs

Lesões músculo-esqueléticas e factores de risco associados numa equipa de futebol profissional : estudo epidemiológico

Mestrado em Ciências da FisioterapiaObjectivos: Determinar a prevalência e a incidência de lesões músculo-esqueléticas de jogadores seniores de futebol profissional, ao longo de duas épocas desportivas, caracterizar o seu padrão de ocorrência e analisar os potenciais factores de risco associados. Desenho do estudo: Estudo epidemiológico observacional/descritivo, longitudinal, de design prospectivo. Metodologia: O estudo seguiu as recomendações fornecidas pelo ICG do F-MARC, sobre definição de lesão e procedimentos de recolha de dados. A amostra foi constituída por 60 jogadores profissionais de futebol. No tratamento dos dados, foi utilizada estatística descritiva e inferencial [regressão univariada e bivariada, teste de associação Qui-quadrado ] e foi determinado o risco relativo estimado (Odds ratio); o nível de significância foi estabelecido para p<0,05 (intervalo de confiança 95%). Resultados e Discussão: Foram registadas 57 lesões, uma prevalência de 58,33% e uma incidência de lesão de 3,9 lesões/1000HE (2,43 lesões/1000HT e 11,91 lesões/1000HJ, quase cinco vezes superior em jogo), registando-se uma média de 0,95 lesões/jogador. A grande maioria das lesões ocorreu nos membros inferiores (92,98%), com a maior parte a ocorrer na coxa (42,22%) e joelho (22,81%), sendo que o diagnóstico mais comum foi lesão muscular (40,35%). A maior parte das lesões ocorreram durante a corrida/sprint (35,09%) ou colisão (31,58%), em treinos (50,88%), devido a overuse (61,40%) e sem contacto (68,42%). Quase metade das lesões (47,4%) implicou uma ausência inferior a uma semana, mas a maioria foi classificada como de gravidade moderada (38,6%). Os jogadores que sofreram mais lesões foram os defesas (38,6%). Um maior tempo de exposição nos jogos constituiu o principal factor de risco para lesão e o injury burden em jogos foi bastante superior ao dos treinos (160,99 dias de paragem/1000HE vs 25,94 dias de paragem/1000HE), o que sugere que a gravidade das lesões em jogo foi muito superior à das lesões em treino. Conclusões: O risco de lesão nas duas épocas foi elevado, com cerca de três em cada cinco jogadores a sofrer, pelo menos, uma lesão. Quase duas em cada três lesões afectaram o segmento funcional coxa/joelho, um dos mais solicitados no futebol. O futebol da actualidade implica exigências cada vez maiores aos jogadores (físicas, mentais e de exposição ao risco) que, associadas a potenciais factores de risco de lesão, podem levar à ocorrência de lesão, pelo que se recomenda um modelo de “gestão do risco”, que implica conhecer os factores de risco associados às lesões

La organización escolar y la movilización de los profesores y estudiantes en el uso de un nuevo Plan de Estudios de la Educación Secundaria General en Timor Oriental

Given that reforms involving how to deal with the past are extremely difficult, especially when the past involves memories of victimization, death, and destruction so widespread that a high percentage of the population is affected, the main purpose of this article is to describe how the general secondary education (GSE) curriculum in East Timor – an ancient Portuguese colony – is organized in terms of principles and objectives, themes, and methodological guidelines that give priority to assisting students to minimize or manage problems associated with conflict. Subsequently, the current state of GSE is characterized, in terms of school organization and logistics, and mobilization of teachers and students in using the new curriculum. The empirical results show that curricular materials incorporate aspects that can contribute to understanding and minimizing or managing problems created by the conflict, as well as contributing to avoid new conflicts. Nevertheless, although textbooks incorporate these aspects and teachers and students express interest in use them, problems remain regarding their appropriate usage due to numerous factors such as: logistics; school organization and poor teacher skills, despite training given and continued focused investment.Las reformas que implican lidiar con el pasado son extremadamente difíciles, especialmente cuando implican recuerdos de víctimas, muerte y destrucción tan generalizados que un alto porcentaje de la población se ve afectada. En ese sentido, el propósito principal de este a rtículo es describir cómo el Plan General de Estudios de Educación Secundaria (GSE) en Timor Oriental – una antigua colonia portuguesa – se organiza en términos de principios, objetivos, temas y orientaciones metodológicas que dan prioridad a la formación de los estudiantes para minimizar o controlar los problemas asociados con el conflicto. Por tanto, el estado actual de GSE se caracteriza por el uso del nuevo plan de estudios, en términos de organización escolar, logística, y de movilización de profesores y estudiantes. Los resultados empíricos muestran que los materiales curriculares incorporan aspectos que pueden contribuir a comprender y minimizar o controlar los problemas creados por el conflicto, así como para contribuir a evitar nuevos conflictos. Sin embargo, aunque los libros de texto incorporan estos aspectos y los profesores y los estudiantes expresan interés en el uso de ellos, hay problemas relativos a su utilización adecuada debido a numerosos factores, tales como: logística; la organización escolar y la mala preparación que todavía tienen los profesores, a pesar de la formación que se les ha brindado

Black hole accretion versus star formation rate: theory confronts observations

We use a suite of hydrodynamical simulations of galaxy mergers to compare star formation rate (SFR) and black hole accretion rate (BHAR) for galaxies before the interaction ('stochastic' phase), during the `merger' proper, lasting ~0.2-0.3 Gyr, and in the `remnant' phase. We calculate the bi-variate distribution of SFR and BHAR and define the regions in the SFR-BHAR plane that the three phases occupy. No strong correlation between BHAR and galaxy-wide SFR is found. A possible exception are galaxies with the highest SFR and the highest BHAR. We also bin the data in the same way used in several observational studies, by either measuring the mean SFR for AGN in different luminosity bins, or the mean BHAR for galaxies in bins of SFR. We find that the apparent contradiction or SFR versus BHAR for observed samples of AGN and star forming galaxies is actually caused by binning effects. The two types of samples use different projections of the full bi-variate distribution, and the full information would lead to unambiguous interpretation. We also find that a galaxy can be classified as AGN-dominated up to 1.5 Gyr after the merger-driven starburst took place. Our study is consistent with the suggestion that most low-luminosity AGN hosts do not show morphological disturbances.Comment: MNRAS Letters, in pres