El gasto público en I+D+I en el sistema energético español

La política energética española durante los últimos años ha estado muy sesgada hacia la sustitución de fuentes energéticas tradicionales, muy contaminantes, por otras renovables. La gran cantidad de recursos públicos que se están destinando a financiar la producción de estas energías contrasta con la creciente escasez general de recursos y con la reducida aportación pública a la I+D+i en el sector energético. Utilizando un modelo de Curva de Kuznets Ambiental, hemos obtenido evidencia sobre la relación de las políticas de I+D+i energéticas con las emisiones de gases contaminantes. Además, nuestros resultados indican que el apoyo público a la I+D+i en eficiencia energética podría ser más eficaz que el mismo gasto aplicado a la investigación en el sector de las energías renovables, aunque estos últimos resultados no son concluyentes

Utopía y adolescencia

[ES] La asignatura de filosofía en el Bachillerato a menudo es considerada por los estudiantes como excesivamente teórica y con escasa utilidad. Con el objetivo de incorporar una perspectiva de estudio más conectada con la vida cotidiana y estimular una manera de pensar el mundo más amplia y crítica, se propone la elaboración de materiales didácticos que fomenten el pensamiento creativo, el aprendizaje significativo de los contenidos del currículum y el acercamiento a la investigación social cualitativa. En el presente trabajo se plantea a los alumnos la investigación, a partir de la técnica de análisis de contenido, de las utopías sociales que ellos mismos han elaborado. De esta manera, después de estudiar los contenidos básicos de la asignatura de filosofía, se pide a los estudiantes que diseñen una sociedad utópica (un mundo justo y feliz) siguiendo el esquema del patrón universal de Marvin Harris (1987). A continuación, el material elaborado se analiza con la técnica del análisis de contenido. Por último, se establecen, exponen y discuten las conclusiones.Cantos, MJ. (2019). Utopía y adolescencia. En INNODOCT/18. International Conference on Innovation, Documentation and Education. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 289-296. https://doi.org/10.4995/INN2018.2018.8765OCS28929

The influence of economic complexity processes and renewable energy on CO2 emissions of BRICS. What about industry 4.0?

This study analyses the relationship between carbon dioxide emissions per capita, the economic complexity index, renewable energy, and inward foreign direct investment using panel data for the BRICS countries from 1995 to 2020. Empirical results confirm that the environmental Kuznets curve is fulfilled, with a positive but decreasing contribution of economic development on environmental deterioration, to the point that neutrality on CO2 emissions can be achieved in the long term. In addition, the results confirm, in this case, the Pollution Haven Hypothesis, that is, the set of BRICS economies chooses to apply regulations that do not respect the environment. The results of other econometric studies support this study, pointing to long-run cointegration. The unit root tests and the variance inflation test also point to stationarity at the first difference and a lack of multicollinearity, respectively. Finally, given the scarcity of empirical studies, this study adopts an incipient methodology to approximate the impact of the technologies associated with Industry 4.0 on carbon emissions, obtaining evidence that their effect on environmental deterioration is very moderate. In addition, the results suggest that, in the long term, these technologies can contribute to achieving the neutrality of polluting emissions.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Assetjament psicològic en l'àmbit laboral: el mobbing

Aquest treball proporciona una visió general sobre la situació i les característiques de les intervencions sobre assetjament psicològic en el treball. En primer lloc, presentem una taxonomia per a classificar les diferents intervencions.Aquesta classificació és útil per a revisar breument les diferents intervencions dutes a terme en comunitats i organitzacions. En segon lloc, identifiquem diverses condicions i factors per a l'èxit de les intervencions. En tercer lloc, emfasitzem la necessitat d'una rigorosa avaluació de les intervencions; en aquest sentit, s'assenyala la utilitat de la teoria i les eines dels programes d'avaluació. En quart lloc, analitzem tres maneres de millorar les intervencions per a prevenir o corregir l'assetjament psicològic en el treball. Els aspectes que hem pres en consideració són: a) la fonamentació de les intervencions en la teoria i en la recerca; b) l'aprofitament dels resultats de la recerca en canvi i desenvolupament organitzacional per a les intervencions sobre l'assetjament psicològic; i c) la promoció de la participació de les persones i els grups implicats com una manera de gestionar els aspectes polítics d'aquest tipus d'intervencions. Finalment, identifiquem diversos reptes i formulem algunes propostes. Confiem que aquestes propostes contribuiran a l'èxit dels objectius relacionats amb l'assetjament psicològic en el treball que es formulen en la nova estratègia comunitària sobre salut i seguretat en el treball (2002-2006)

On the singular braid monoid of an orientable surface

In this paper we show that the singular braid monoid of an orientable surface can be embedded in a group. The proof is purely topological, making no use of the monoid presentation.Ministerio de Ciencia y TecnologíaJunta de Andalucí

Wood Waste from Fruit Trees: Biomolecules and Their Applications in Agri-Food Industry

In the European Union (EU), a total of 11,301,345 hectares are dedicated to the cultivation of fruit trees, mainly olive orchards, grapevines, nut trees (almond, walnut, chestnut, hazelnut, and pistachio), apple and pear trees, stone fruit trees (peach, nectarine, apricot, cherry, and plum), and citrus fruit trees (orange, clementine, satsuma, mandarin, lemon, grapefruit, and pomelo). Pruning these trees, together with plantation removal to a lesser extent, produces a huge amount of wood waste. A theoretical calculation of the wood waste in the European Union estimates approximately 2 and 25 million tons from wood plantation removal and pruning, respectively, per year. This wood waste is usually destroyed by in-field burning or crushing into the soil, which result in no direct economic benefits. However, wood from tree pruning, which is enriched in high added-value mol-ecules, offers a wide spectrum of possibilities for its valorization. This review focuses on the contri-bution of wood waste to both sustainability and the circular economy, considering its use not only as biomass but also as a potential source of bioactive compounds. The main bioactive compounds found in wood are polyphenols, terpenes, polysaccharides, organic compounds, fatty acids, and alkaloids. Polyphenols are the most ubiquitous compounds in wood. Large amounts of hydroxyty-rosol (up to 25 g/kg dw), resveratrol (up to 66 g/kg dw), protocatechuic acid (up to 16.4 g/kg), and proanthocyanins (8.5 g/kg dw) have been found in the wood from olive trees, grapevines, almond trees and plum trees, respectively. The bioactivity of these compounds has been demonstrated at lower concentrations, mainly in vitro studies. Bioactive compounds present antioxidant, antimicro-bial, antifungal, biostimulant, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, and anticarcinogenic properties, among others. Therefore, wood extracts might have several applications in agriculture, medicine, and the food, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmetics industries. For example, olive tree wood extract reduced thrombin-induced platelet aggregation in vitro; grapevine tree wood extract acts a preservative in wine, replacing SO2; chestnut tree wood extract has antifungal properties on post-harvest pathogens in vitro; and stone tree wood extracts are used for aging both wines and brandies. Moreover, the use of wood waste contributes to the move towards both a more sustainable development and a circular economy.Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad RTA2015-00005-C02-0

Future Projection of precipitation changes in the Júcar and Segura River Basins (Iberian Peninsula) by CMIP5 GCMs Local Downscaling

The basins of the Júcar and Segura rivers, on the Mediterranean coast of the Iberian Peninsula, present a special water problem and are of particular interest regarding climate change. These basins are very vulnerable to a possible scenario of decreasing water resources. Recent studies on historic rainfall since 1955 have indicated an ongoing loss of precipitation in their headwaters, especially in the case of the Júcar river. The aim of the present study is to perform climate projections for the precipitation variable for several future periods (2021-2040, 2051-2070, 2081-2100) and emission scenarios (RCPs 4.5, 8.5) within the Júcar and Segura River Basin authorities. For this purpose, a set of CMIP5 global models have been used, as well as the CDRD-HR-EIP-1955-2016 database, as a source of local observed information. This database comprises nearly 900 precipitation series in both basins and has been used in recent studies to determine historic trends of change in these basins. A statistical downscaling of the global models for all available observed series has been applied using the LARS-WG method. The results, although variable according to the CMIP5 model used, show the continuation of the patterns of precipitation change in the future, as already observed in the historical series. The results also predict a clear reduction in precipitation in the long term. However, torrential rainfall tends to increase in the coastal areas in relation to that observed in the short-term predictions. These results, due to their high spatial resolution, are of great interest for their use in small-scale hydrological and spatial planning (regional and local), which is one of the current challenges of climate modeling

Nosocomial outbreak of Pseudomonas aeruginosa endophthalmitis

We describe an outbreak of nosocomial endophthalmitis due to a common source, which was determined to be trypan blue solution prepared in the hospital's pharmacy service. We assume that viable bacteria probably gained access to the trypan blue stock solution during cooling after autoclaving. The temporal cluster of Pseudomonas aeruginosa endophthalmitis was readily perceived on the basis of clinical and microbiological findings, and an exogenous source of contamination was unequivocally identified by means of DNA fingerprinting. © 2006 by The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America. All rights reserved

Surface chemistry and germination improvement of Quinoa seeds subjected to plasma activation

Plasma treatment is recognized as a suitable technology to improve germination efficiency of numerous seeds. In this work Quinoa seeds have been subjected to air plasma treatments both at atmospheric and low pressure and improvements found in germination rate and percentage of success. Seed water uptake by exposure to water vapor, although slightly greater for plasma treated seeds, did not justify the observed germination improvement. To identify other possible factors contributing to germination, the chemical changes experienced by outer parts of the seed upon plasma exposure have been investigated by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDX). XPS revealed that the outer layers of the Quinoa plasma treated seeds were highly oxidized and appeared enriched in potassium ions and adsorbed nitrate species. Simultaneously, SEM-EDX showed that the enrichment in potassium and other mineral elements extended to the seed pericarp and closer zones. The disappearance from the surface of both potassium ions and nitrate species upon exposure of the plasma treated seeds to water vapor is proposed as a factor favoring germination. The use of XPS to study chemical changes at seed surfaces induced by plasma treatments is deemed very important to unravel the mechanisms contributing to germination improvement

Hyperglycemia in stroke, descriptive study

Objeto: Describir la morbimortalidad de pacientes no diabéticos hospitalizados por evento cerebrovascular que cursan con hiperglucemia. Área de estudio general: medicina. Área de estudio específica: cuidados intensivos. Tipo de estudio: original. Metodología. Estudio de nivel descriptivo y diseño longitudinal, descriptivo y retrospectivo en que, mediante las historias clínicas, se obtuvo información que satisfaga el objeto de investigación, las variables que fungieron como criterios de inclusión para las historias clínicas fueron edad, sexo biológico, nivel glucémico al ingreso, nivel glucémico durante hospitalización, complicaciones desarrolladas, estancia hospitalaria y mortalidad.  Resultados: La mayor parte de los pacientes ingresaron con valores de glucosa normales N=62, de los cuales más de la mitad del total N= 38 presentó hiperglucemia durante su periodo de hospitalización, de estos últimos, presentaron comorbilidades N=29(76%), siendo la neumonía nosocomial más común 26%, todo esto motivo un alto porcentaje de mortalidad N=15(21%). Conclusión: La mayoría de pacientes hospitalizados por Evento Cerebrovascular que cursan con hiperglucemia presentan otras comorbilidades, la Tasa de Letalidad por ECV asociado a hiperglucemia de 394 por cada 1000 afectados. Área de estudio general: Medicina. Área de estudio específica: Diabetes. Tipo de estudio: Revisión bibliográfica.Objective: To describe the morbidity and mortality of non-diabetic patients hospitalized for a cerebrovascular event with hyperglycemia. General area of study: medicine. Specific area of study: intensive care. Study type: original. Materials and Methods: Descriptive level study and longitudinal, descriptive, and retrospective design in which, through the medical records, information was obtained that satisfies the research object, the variables that served as inclusion criteria for the medical records were age, biological sex, glycemic level at admission, glycemic level during hospitalization, developed complications, hospital stay and mortality. Results: Most of the patients entered with normal glucose values N = 62, of which more than half of the total N = 38 presented hyperglycemias during their hospitalization period, of the latter, presented comorbidities N = 29 (76%), being the most common nosocomial pneumonia 26%, all this caused a high percentage of mortality N = 15 (21%). Conclusion: Most patients hospitalized due to Cerebrovascular Event who present with hyperglycemia present other comorbidities, the CVD Lethality Rate associated with hyperglycemia of 394 per 1000 affected