Neumonía intersticial bilateral en pandemia COVID-19

Rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by joint involvement with inflammation of the synovium and destruction of articular cartilage. Pulmonary involvement is one of the extraarticular affectations and may be the first manifestation in patients. We present a 63-year-old man who began with respiratory symptoms with a joint involvement, being diagnosed with interstitial lung disease secondary to rheumatoid arthritis.La Artritis Reumatoide (AR) es una enfermedad sistémica autoinmune caracterizada por la afectación articular con inflamación de la sinovial y destrucción de cartílago articular. La afectación pulmonar es uno de las afectaciones extraarticulares y puede ser la primera manifestación en los pacientes. Presentamos a un varón de 63 años que comenzó con clínica respiratoria y afectación articular siendo diagnosticado de enfermedad pulmonar intersticial secundaria a esta entidad

Evaluación antihelmíntica de un extracto vegetal rico en taninos

Las infecciones por nematodos gastrointestinales (GIN) son una gran amenaza para la producción, la salud y el bienestar de los bovinos de las principales áreas ganaderas de Argentina y el mundo (Suárez et al, 2013; Descarga C, 2019; Charlier et al, 2015). El control de estos parásitos helmintos basados casi exclusivamente en el uso estratégico o táctico de fármacos antihelmínticos químicos ha demostrado no ser sustentable (Suárez et al, 2011). La información regional de resistencia antihelmíntica recopilada en los últimos años por el laboratorio de parasitología de la EEA INTA General Villegas y coincidente con el último relevamiento realizado en la región ganadera central, destacan que la mayoría de los estableci¬mientos presentan niveles de eficacia antihelmíntica baja a una o más principios químicos utilizados (Buffarini, 2018; Cristel et al., 2017). Cuando se compara con un relevamiento similar realizado en la misma área geográfica hace 15 años, se comprueba un agravamiento de la situación no solo en la prevalencia sino en los niveles de eficacia y principios afectados (Caracostantogolo et al., 2005). El creciente desarrollo y difusión de la resistencia antihelmíntica en los nematodos presentes en la actualidad, impone la necesidad de explo¬rar y validar nuevas alternativas para un control sustentable. Una de las estrategias evaluadas para atacar esta problemática es el control basado en sustancias antihelmínticas no convencionales (compuestos vegetales o minerales).Estación Experimental Agropecuaria General VillegasFil: Buffarini, Miguel Angel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria General Villegas; ArgentinaFil: Herrera, Juan A. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Batistessa, Manuel. Universidad Nacional La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Canton, Candela. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil; Argentina.Fil: Lifschitz, Adrian Luis. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil; Argentina.Fil: Miró, María V.. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil; Argentina

Failure of efficacy of two ivermectin formulations against Psoroptes ovis (Hering, 1838) in sheep

El presente trabajo evaluó la relación entre la eficacia y la farmacocinética de dos formulaciones comerciales inyectables de ivermectina (IVM) en ovinos merino adultos artificialmente infestados con Psoroptes ovis. Los animales fueron tratados por vía subcutánea con IVM 1 % en dos dosis con un intervalo de aplicación de 7 días, (0.2 mg/kg) o con una única dosis de IVM 3.15%, (1.05 mg/kg). Se realizaron conteos semanales de ácaros vivos mediante raspajes de piel entre el día 0 y 28 post-tratamiento para determinar la eficacia de los tratamientos, y se tomaron muestras de sangre para medir las concentraciones de IVM en plasma. Se observó una disminución significativa en los conteos de ácaros a partir del día 14 post-tratamiento, sin embargo, se encontraron ácaros vivos en todos los muestreos para ambos grupos. En el Grupo IVM 1%, la máxima eficacia se observó el día 28 post tratamiento (93.3%), mientras que en el Grupo IVM 3,15% este registro se obtuvo el día 21 (95.9%). Mayores concentraciones de IVM fueron observadas en los animales tratados con la formulación 3.15 %. La falla para obtener una cura parasitológica tras el tratamiento con ambas formulaciones de IVM puede ser indicativo de la presencia de ácaros resistentes a este principio activo.The current work evaluated the relationship between efficacy and pharmacokinetics of two commercial injectable formulations of ivermectin (IVM) in adult merino sheep artificially infested with Psoroptes ovis. Animals were treated subcutaneously with IVM 1% formulation (two doses on days 0 and 7) at 0.2 mg / kg or with a single dose of IVM 3.15% preparation at 1.05 mg / kg. Live mites were counted weekly by performing skin scrapings between days 0 and 28 post-treatment to determine the efficacy of each IVM formulation. Blood samples were taken up to 35 days post-treatment to measure IVM plasma concentrations. A significant decrease in mite counts was observed from day 14 post-treatment. However, live mites were found in all samples for both groups throughout the entire trial. After IVM 1% administration, the highest effcacy was observed on day 28 (93.3% whereas in the IVM 3,15% group was obtained on day 21 post treatment (95.9%). Higher IVM plasma concentrations were observed in animals treated with the IVM 3.15% formulation. Failure to obtain a parasitological cure after treatment with both IVM formulations may reflect the presence of resistant mites to this drug.Estación Experimental Agropecuaria BarilocheFil: Larroza, Marcela Patricia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche. Área Producción Animal. Grupo Sanidad Animal; ArgentinaFil: Soler, Paula. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche. Área Producción Animal. Grupo Sanidad Animal; ArgentinaFil: Robles, Carlos Alejandro. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche. Area de Produccion Animal. Grupo de Sanidad Animal; ArgentinaFil: Cabrera, Francisco Raúl. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche. Area de Produccion Animal. Grupo de Sanidad Animal; ArgentinaFil: Canton, Candela. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Laboratorio de Farmacología. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Lanusse, Carlos Edmundo. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Laboratorio de Farmacología. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Lifschitz, Adrián Luis. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Laboratorio de Farmacología. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Evaluación de la eficacia de antisárnicos contra Psoroptes ovis en ovinos

En el presente informe técnico se describen los principales resultados obtenidos en estudios de eficacia de formulaciones inyectables de ivermectina (IVM) y doramectina (DRM) contra Psoroptes ovis en ovinos infestados experimentalmente, su relación con la farmacocinética, y las recomendaciones prácticas que se sugieren para el uso de estos productos a partir de los resultados encontrados. Los estudios en los que se basa este informe fueron realizados por el Grupo de Salud Animal de la EEA INTA Bariloche y el Laboratorio de Farmacología del Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN).Estación Experimental Agropecuaria BarilocheFil: Larroza, Marcela Patricia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche. Área Producción Animal. Grupo Sanidad Animal; ArgentinaFil: Soler, Paula. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche. Área Producción Animal. Grupo Sanidad Animal; ArgentinaFil: Robles, Carlos Alejandro. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche. Area de Produccion Animal. Grupo de Sanidad Animal; ArgentinaFil: Martinez, Agustin. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche. Área Producción Animal. Grupo Sanidad Animal; ArgentinaFil: Cabrera, Francisco Raúl. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche. Area de Produccion Animal. Grupo de Sanidad Animal; ArgentinaFil: Canton, Candela. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Laboratorio de Farmacología; ArgentinaFil: Ballent, Mariana. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Laboratorio de Farmacología; ArgentinaFil: Lanusse, Carlos Edmundo. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Laboratorio de Farmacología; ArgentinaFil: Lifschitz, Adrián Luis. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Laboratorio de Farmacología; Argentin

Therapeutic advantages of the combined use of closantel and moxidectin in lambs parasitized with resistant gastrointestinal nematodes

The serious widespread development of nematode resistance has motivated the use of combined anthelmintic formulations. However, the advantages/disadvantages of the combined use of anthelmintics require further scientific characterization. The goals of the current trial were a) to characterize the pharmacokinetics of closantel (CLO) and moxidectin (MXD) administered both subcutaneously (sc) and orally either separately or co-administered (CLO + MXD) to lambs; b) to compare the nematodicidal activity of both molecules given individually or co-administered to lambs infected with resistant nematodes. Seventy (70) Corriedale lambs naturally infected with multiple resistant gastrointestinal nematodes were involved in the pharmacokinetic and efficacy trials. The animals were allocated into six groups (n = 10) and treated with either CLO, MXD, or with the CLO + MXD combined formulation by both the oral and sc routes. Additionally, an untreated control group (n = 10) was included for the efficacy trial. The efficacy was estimated by the faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT). Higher systemic exposure of both CLO and MXD was observed after the sc compared to the oral administration in lambs. The combined administration of CLO + MXD did not markedly alter their disposition kinetics. At 13 days post-treatment, the administration of both molecules as a single active principle reached efficacy levels ranging between 80% (MXDoral), 84% (CLOoral), 85% (CLOsc), and 92% (MXDsc). The combined oral and sc treatments reached 99% efficacy. No adverse effects were observed after the combined treatment of CLO + MXD, and their co-administration did not show any adverse pharmacokinetic interaction. The combined effect of CLO + MXD successfully restored the maximum efficacy levels, which were not reached by the individual active ingredients

Comparative assessment of different ivermectin and doramectin formulations for mange control in grazing steers

Psoroptic mange causes relevant losses of productivity in cattle. Macrocyclic lactones are one of the main pharmacological tools recommended for controlling it. The aim of the current work was to compare the relationship between the pharmacokinetic behavior and the effectiveness of both ivermectin (IVM) and doramectin (DRM) following their administration as either the traditional (1 %) or long-acting (3.15–3.5 %) injectable formulations to cattle naturally infected with Psoroptes ovis. The overall work involved three trials (1, 2 and 3) carried out on commercial beef cattle farms (grazing systems). In Trial 1, 20 grazing steers with active mange infection were allocated into 2 groups (n = 10) and treated subcutaneously (SC) with either IVM (1 %) or DRM (1%) at 0.2 mg/kg. In Trial 2, 16 grazing steers with active mange divided in 2 groups (n = 8) were treated SC with either IVM 1 % (0.2 mg/kg) or IVM 3.15 % long-acting (0.63 mg/kg). In Trial 3, 2 groups of mange infected steers (n = 8) were treated SC with either IVM 3.15 % (0.63 mg/kg) or DRM 3.5 % (0.7 mg/kg). Blood samples were collected of each experimental group and the drug systemic availability was estimated by measuring of IVM/DRM concentrations by HPLC. Skin scraping samples were collected from each animal and mites were counted at 14, 21 and 28 days post-treatment. In Trial 1, the mite density score on day 14 was significantly lower for DRM (0.60) compared to IVM (1.80) (P = 0.019). Based on the number of animals clinically cured (negative to the presence of mites), the efficacy of DRM was higher (80 %) than that obtained for IVM (10 %) (P < 0.05). DRM systemic exposure measured as AUC was 1.37-fold higher compared to IVM. In Trial 2, even though IVM exposure was significantly greater after the long-acting (3.15 %) compared to the traditional formulation (1 %), none of the treatments significantly reduced the mite density score, with a percentage of animals cured between 0 % and 37.5 % after both IVM treatments. In Trial 3, the 100 % of cured animals were achieved at day 21 (IVM 3.15 %) and at day 28 (DRM 3.5 %) post-treatment. In conclusion, DRM treatment could offer some therapeutic advantages in field situations where IVM fails to control mange. Depending on the level of susceptibility of the mite population, long-acting pharmaceutical formulations can be useful to control Psoroptic mange in cattle. The use of macrocyclic lactones for mange control in cattle should be based on appropriate diagnosis on each individual farm.EEA RafaelaFil: Canton, Candela. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN). Laboratorio de Farmacología; ArgentinaFil: Canton, Candela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN); ArgentinaFil: Muchiut, Sebastian. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela; Argentina.Fil: Dominguez, Maria Paula. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN). Laboratorio de Farmacología; ArgentinaFil: Dominguez, Maria Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN); ArgentinaFil: Lanusse, Carlos. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN). Laboratorio de Farmacología; ArgentinaFil: Lanusse, Carlos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN); ArgentinaFil: Alvarez, Luis. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN). Laboratorio de Farmacología; ArgentinaFil: Alvarez, Luis . Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN); ArgentinaFil: Lifschitz, Adrián. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN). Laboratorio de Farmacología; ArgentinaFil: Lifschitz, Adrián. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN); Argentin

Lessons learned after three years of SPIDER operation and the first MITICA integrated tests

ITER envisages the use of two heating neutral beam injectors plus an optional one as part of the auxiliary heating and current drive system, to reach the desired performances during its various phases of operation. The 16.5 MW expected neutral beam power per injector is several notches higher than worldwide existing facilities. In order to enable such development, a Neutral Beam Test Facility (NBTF) was established at Consorzio RFX, exploiting the synergy of two test beds, called SPIDER and MITICA. SPIDER is dedicated developing and char- acterizing large efficient negative ion sources at relevant parameters in ITER-like conditions: source and accel- erator located in the same vacuum where the beam propagates, immunity to electromagnetic interferences of multiple radio-frequency (RF) antennas, avoidance of RF-induced discharges on the outside of the source. Three years of experiments on SPIDER have addressed to the necessary design modifications to enable full perfor- mances. The source is presently under a long shut-down phase to incorporate learnings from the experimental campaign, in particular events/issues occurred during operation, which led to the identification of improvement opportunities/necessities (e.g. RF discharges, local burns, water leaks, other damages, configuration/design upgrades to maximize chances/margin to quest target parameters). Parallelly, developments on MITICA, the full-scale prototype of the ITER Neutral Beam Injector (NBI) featuring a 1 MV accelerator and ion neutralization, are underway including manufacturing of the beam source, accel- erator and the beam line components, while power supplies and auxiliary plants, already installed, are under final testing and commissioning. Integration, commissioning and tests of the 1 MV power supplies are essential for this first-of-kind system, unparalleled both in research and industry field. 1.2 MV dc insulating tests of high voltage components were successfully completed. The integrated test to confirm 1 MV output by combining invertor systems, DC gener- ators and transmission lines extracted errors/accidents in some components. To realize a concrete system for ITER, said events have been addressed and solutions for the repair and the improvement of the system were developed. Hence, NBTF is emerging as a necessary facility, due to the large gap with existing injectors, effectively dedicated to identify issues and find solutions to enable successful ITER NBI operations in a time bound fashion. The lessons learned during the implementation on NBTF and future perspectives are here discussed

Lessons learned after three years of SPIDER operation and the first MITICA integrated tests

ITER envisages the use of two heating neutral beam injectors plus an optional one as part of the auxiliary heating and current drive system, to reach the desired performances during its various phases of operation. The 16.5 MW expected neutral beam power per injector is several notches higher than worldwide existing facilities. In order to enable such development, a Neutral Beam Test Facility (NBTF) was established at Consorzio RFX, exploiting the synergy of two test beds, called SPIDER and MITICA. SPIDER is dedicated developing and characterizing large efficient negative ion sources at relevant parameters in ITER-like conditions: source and accelerator located in the same vacuum where the beam propagates, immunity to electromagnetic interferences of multiple radio-frequency (RF) antennas, avoidance of RF-induced discharges on the outside of the source. Three years of experiments on SPIDER have addressed to the necessary design modifications to enable full performances. The source is presently under a long shut-down phase to incorporate learnings from the experimental campaign, in particular events/issues occurred during operation, which led to the identification of improvement opportunities/necessities (e.g. RF discharges, local burns, water leaks, other damages, configuration/design upgrades to maximize chances/margin to quest target parameters). Parallelly, developments on MITICA, the full-scale prototype of the ITER Neutral Beam Injector (NBI) featuring a 1 MV accelerator and ion neutralization, are underway including manufacturing of the beam source, accelerator and the beam line components, while power supplies and auxiliary plants, already installed, are under final testing and commissioning. Integration, commissioning and tests of the 1 MV power supplies are essential for this first-of-kind system, unparalleled both in research and industry field. 1.2 MV dc insulating tests of high voltage components were successfully completed. The integrated test to confirm 1 MV output by combining invertor systems, DC generators and transmission lines extracted errors/accidents in some components. To realize a concrete system for ITER, said events have been addressed and solutions for the repair and the improvement of the system were developed. Hence, NBTF is emerging as a necessary facility, due to the large gap with existing injectors, effectively dedicated to identify issues and find solutions to enable successful ITER NBI operations in a time bound fashion. The lessons learned during the implementation on NBTF and future perspectives are here discussed