Estructura de la Comunidad de Peces del Sistema Arrecifal Coralino Akumal, Caribe Mexicano

During the year 2001 were carried out six work campaigns toward the area of reefs of the Mexican Caribbean in the state of Quintana Roo, in this state he is the Tourist corridor in turn Cancun-Tulúm where the system reef is bounded Akumal, the study area is of approximately 33.25 m2 with a longitudinal extension of 7Km and a wide one toward sea open of 1Km the reef this divided by its dimensions in three subsystems that are Bay Akumal, Bay of Half Moon and Lagoon of Yalkú. In form orthogonal to the coast line can be necessary six areas in qualitative form among those that are understood the lagoon reef, the later reef, the crest reef, the front reef, the pending reef and the border area also called wall. The objective of this thesis consists on characterizing the aspects of the structure of the community of fish with the environmental processes of the system reef. Establishing those factors that are significant in the behavior of the community and their variation in space and time. Likewise, to define the combined ictiofaunístics and species of ecological and/or economic importance. A conceptual model of the behavior of the system and their resources ictiofaunistics that allow to propose to settle down alternative of use and handling of the coralline ecosystems and their resources biótics. By means of visual censuses he/she registered the number of individuals of the identified species of fish, as well as the covering biotic and abiótic. You uses diving SCUBA in the deep places (> 3m). Of the different parameters evaluated with that which one believes a womb of data to which were applied and free diving in the shallow places. The observations in each transect leaned on with the video use and submarine camera, The covering estimates in each transect were sized by means of a calculation of the percentage covered with a dear area of substrate. To determine the possible differences among the parameters of the community different statistical techniques they were used as: 1) to differentiate the due habitats to the different environmental variables variance analysis and Kruskall-Wallis and analysis they were used you discriminate against yourself. 2) for the analysis of the parameters of the community the indexes of Wealth were used (D) Diversity (H') justness (AND) and it stops it calculates the abundance you uses the quantity of individuals taken a census of by square meter. To each one of these parameters they are applied a variance analysis. 3) the dominant species were calculated by means of the indexes of biological importance, Width of space niche, percentage in number and frequency and 4) For I finish the analysis of the combined ictiofaunísticos and associations it was carried out by means of the analyses of Olmstead-Tukey and that of Bray- Curtis. All these variables were analyzed by means of the following statistical packages NCSS, STATISTICA, MVSP, XLStat, ANACOM among others with significant of p 3m), y buceo libre en los sitios someros. Con los diferentes parámetros evaluados se creo una matriz de datos a la cual se le aplicaron diferentes pruebas estadisticas . Las observaciones en cada transecto se apoyaron con el uso de video y cámara submarina, Las estimaciones de cobertura en cada transecto se avaluaron por medio de un cálculo del porcentaje cubierto de un área estimada de sustrato. las posibles diferencias entre los parámetros de lPara determinara comunidad se utilizaron diferentes técnicas estadísticas como pasra: 1) diferenciar los hábitats, debidos a las diferentes variables ambientales, se utilizaron análisis de varianza y Kruskall-Wallis y análisis discrimínate. 2) Para el análisis de los parámetros de la comunidad se utilizaron los índices de Riqueza (D) Diversidad (H’) equidad (E) y para calcula la abundancia se utilizo la cantidad de individuos censados por metro cuadrado. A cada uno de estos parámetros se les aplico un análisis de varianza. 3) las especies dominantes fueron calculadas por medio de los índices de importancia biológica, Amplitud de nicho espacial, porcentaje en número y frecuencia y 4) Por ultimo el análisis de los conjuntos ictiofaunísticos y asociaciones fue realizado por medio de los análisis de Olmstead-Tukey y el de Bray-Curtis. Todas estas variables fueron analizadas por medio de los siguientes paquetes estadísticos NCSS, STATISTICA, MVSP, XLStat, ANACOM entre otros con significancias de p<0.05. En forma mensual se detectaron tres ambientes en el sistema sin embargo en el análisis anual se detectan cinco ambientes determinados por factores bióticos y abióticos propios del sistema, la mayor riqueza se encuentra en el mes de abril (D=7.62), la mayor diversidad se encuentra en el mes de Agosto con valores de (H=3.32) la equidad se mantiene estable durante los meses de estudio, la mayor abundancia esta representada en el mes de Abril con 5.11 ind/m2. En el estudio se censaron 112 especies que pertenecen a 36 familias, de las cuales 12 son especeis dominantes entre las que se encuentran Acanthurus chirurgus, Abudefduf saxatilis, Acanthurus coerulues, Sparisoma viride, Haemulon sciurus, Acanthurus bahianus, Haemulon flavolineatum, Stegastes dorsopunicans, Thalassoma bifasciatum, Scarus taeniopterus, Halichoeres radiatus y Microspathodon chrysurus. Con base en los analisis realizados se formaron 4 grupos los cuales están constituidos de la siguiente manera: 1) 23 especies de baja densidad (especies en transito o irregulares). 2) 34 especies (típicas) que incluyen a las especies dominantes, 3) 46 especies (en transito) 4) constituido por 10 especies (raras)

Evaluación ecológica de las comunidades de peces en dos sistemas lagunares estuarinos del sur de Chiapas, México

In the Carretas-Pereyra and Chantuto-Panzacola systems, Chiapas, Mexico, was carried out studies of fish communities. In Chantuto-Panzacola system between March and November of 1997 a total of 1456 fish represented by 31 species were collected. In Carretas-Pereyra system between February and November of 1998, were collected a total of 3081 fish represented by 19 species. Each coastal lagoon has different values of diversity and abundance related to the environmental and biological characteristics of these estuarine systems. Carretas-Pereyra present its high community values in November and April with H´ = 1.8, D = 2.06, biomass = 0.89 g/m2, density = 0.30 ind/m2 and average weight = 4.99 g/ind. Chantuto-Panzacola present its high community values in March with H´ = 2.67, D = 3.89, biomass = 1.88 g/m2 , density = 0.25 ind/m2 and average weight = 7.55 g/ind. Significant differences (ANOVA and Tukey, p&lt;0.05) were found between the ecological parameters and the environmental variables of both ecosystems in the months of study. The multiple discriminant analysis showed that salinity and dissolved oxygen were the most important factors in variation of the community of Carretas-Pereyra, while temperature and salinity were the most important factors in ChantutoPanzacola. The frequency analysis and spatial distribution of the fish allowed defining fish assemblages formed by several groups of species that inhabit these systems. Five species were defined as dominant for Carretas-Pereyra and nine for Chantuto-Panzacola, representing 72% and 71% in number and the 81% and 76.4% in weight of the total catch respectively. These species were Achirus mazatlanus, Atherinella guatemalensis, Caranx hippos, Cathorops fuerthi, Centropomus robalito, Cichlasoma macracanthum, Cichlasoma trimaculatum, Gobiomorus maculatus, Gobionellus microdon and Lile gracilis.En los sistemas lagunares costeros Carretas-Pereyra y Chantuto-Panzacola, Chiapas, México, fue realizado un estudio sobre aspectos ecológicos de las comunidades de peces. En Chantuto-Panzacola se recolectaron un total de 1,456 peces de 31 especies entre marzo y noviembre de 1997. En Carretas-Pereyra se colectaron un total de 3,081 peces, representados por 19 especies, entre febrero y noviembre de 1998. En cada laguna costera se observaron diferentes valores de diversidad y abundancia relacionados con las características ambientales y biológicas de estos sistemas. En Carretas-Pereyra los valores más altos se presentaron en noviembre y abril con H´ = 1.8, D = 2.06, biomasa 0.89 g/m2 , densidad 0.30 ind/m2 y peso promedio 4.99 g/ind. En Chantuto-Panzacola, los valores más altos se registraron en el mes de marzo con H´= 2.67, D = 3.89 sp/ind, biomasa 1.88 g/m2 , densidad 0.25 ind/m2 y peso promedio 7.55 g/ind. Se encontraron diferencias significativas (ANOVA y Tukey, p&lt; 0.05) entre los parámetros ecológicos y las variables ambientales de ambos ecosistemas en los meses de estudio. El análisis discriminante múltiple, mostró que la salinidad y el oxígeno disuelto son los factores más importantes en la variación de la comunidad de Carretas-Pereyra, mientras que la temperatura y la salinidad son los factores más importantes en la comunidad de Chantuto-Panzacola. La frecuencia de aparición y distribución espacial de los peces, permitió definir conjuntos ictiofaunísticos formados por diferentes grupos de peces que habitan estos sistemas. Se definieron 5 especies dominantes en Carretas-Pereyra y 9 en Chantuto-Panzacola, representando el 72 % y 71 % en número y el 81% y 76% en peso de la captura total, respectivamente. Estas especies son Achirus mazatlanus, Atherinella guatemalensis, Caranx hippos, Cathorops fuerthi, Centropomus robalito, Cichlasoma macracanthum, Cichlasoma trimaculatum, Gobiomorus maculatus, Gobionellus microdon y Lile gracilis

Author Correction: Drivers of seedling establishment success in dryland restoration efforts

1 Pág. Correción errata.In the version of this Article originally published, the surname of author Tina Parkhurst was incorrectly written as Schroeder. This has now been corrected.Peer reviewe

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Diversidad, abundancia y conjuntos ictiofaunísticos del sistema lagunar-estuarino Chantuto-Panzacola, Chiapas, México

En el sistema lagunar-estuarino Chantuto-Panzacola, Chiapas, México, fue realizado un estudio ictiofaunístico entre marzo y noviembre de 1997. De un total de 1 456 peces recolectados, se identificaron 31 especies, 25 géneros y 19 familias. La diversidad y abundancia presentaron sus valores más altos en el mes de marzo con H’ = 2.67 bits, D = 3.89 sp/ind, biomasa 1.88 g/m2, densidad 0.25 ind/m2 y peso promedio 7.55 g/ind. Se encontraron diferencias significativas (ANOVA y Tukey, p&lt;0.05) entre los parámetros ecológicos y las variables ambientales del ecosistema en los meses de estudio. El análisis discriminante múltiple, mostró que la temperatura y la salinidad son los factores más importantes en la variación de la comunidad. La frecuencia de aparición y distribución espacial de los peces, permitió definir conjuntos ictiofauníticos formados por diferentes grupos de peces que habitan el sistema. Se definieron nueve especies dominantes para el ecosistema, representando el 71% en número y el 76% en peso de la captura total. Estas especies son Achirus mazatlanus, Caranx hippos, Cathorops fuerthi, Centropomus robalito, Cichlasoma macracanthum, Cichlasoma trimaculatum, Gobiomorus maculatus, Gobionellus microdon y Lile gracilisIn the Chantuto-Panzacola system, Chiapas, México, a study of a fish community was carried out between March and November of 1997. From a total of 1 456 fish collected, 31 species, 25 genera and 19 families had been identified. The diversity and abundance were high in March with H’= 2.67 bits/ind, D = 3.89 sp/ind, biomass 1.88 g/m2, density 0.25 ind/m2 and average weight 7.55 g/ind. Significant differences were found between the ecological parameters and the environmental variables of the ecosystem in the months of study (ANOVA and Tukey, p&lt;0.05). The multiple discriminant analysis showed that the temperature and the salinity was the most important factors in the variation of the community. The frequency analysis and spatial distribution of the fish allowed to define fish assemblages formed by several groups of species that inhabits the system. Nine dominant species were defined for the ecosystem, representing the 71% in number and the 76.4% in weight of the total catch, Achirus mazatlanus, Caranx hippos, Cathorops fuerthi, Centropomus robalito, Cichlasoma macracanthum, Cichlasoma trimaculatum, Gobiomorus maculatus, Gobionellus microdon and Lile gracilis

Documento internacional de consenso sobre apnea obstructiva del sueño.

The main aim of this international consensus document on obstructive sleep apnea is to provide guidelines based on a critical analysis of the latest literature to help health professionals make the best decisions in the care of adult patients with this disease. The expert working group was formed primarily of 17 scientific societies and 56 specialists from a wide geographical area (including the participation of 4 international societies), an expert in methodology, and a documentalist from the Iberoamerican Cochrane Center. The document consists of a main section containing the most significant innovations and a series of online manuscripts that report the systematic literature searches performed for each section of the international consensus document. This document does not discuss pediatric patients or the management of patients receiving chronic non-invasive mechanical ventilation (these topics will be addressed in separate consensus documents)