Espacio público y sus implicaciones en el envejecimiento activo en el lugar

La investigación reflexiona sobre las implicaciones del espacio público en la promoción del envejecimiento activo en el lugar, desde el enfoque de la gerontología ambiental. La metodología ha consistido en una exhaustiva revisión de la literatura científica a partir de artículos de revistas indexadas al Web of Science y Scopus. Los estudios indican que las características del entorno físico-social, como accesibilidad, seguridad y atractividad, determinan la promoción de las actividades de ocio y tiempo libre, como caminar y hacer deporte, entre las personas adultas mayores. En la región de América Latina y el Caribe existe un limitado conocimiento teórico y metodológico sobre la relación entre las características del espacio público y la promoción del envejecimiento activo en el lugar. Se propone impulsar las investigaciones interdisciplinares sobre espacios públicos desde la gerontología ambiental con objeto de favorecer políticas de envejecimiento activo, así como propiciar ciudades amigables para una sociedad que envejeceThe investigation reflects on the implications of public space in the promotion of active aging in the place, from the approach of environmental gerontology. The methodology consisted of an exhaustive review of the scientific literature from journal articles indexed to the Web of Science and Scopus. Studies indicate that the characteristics of the physical-social environment, such as accessibility, safety and attractiveness, determine the promotion of leisure and free time activities, such as walking and sports, among older adults. In the Latin American and Caribbean region, there is limited theoretical and methodological knowledge about the relationship between the characteristics of public space and the promotion of active aging in place. It is proposed to promote interdisciplinary research on public spaces from environmental gerontology in order to promote policies of active aging, as well as promoting friendly cities for an aging societ

La transferencia de la formación del profesorado universitario. Aportaciones de la investigación reciente

The article examines the topic of transfer of training. We conducted document research focused on anlyzing prior meta-analytic works and literature reviews, conducted in Europe and the United States between 1988 and 2013. The main results find that transfer is a construct which alludes to effective and ongoing application in the work of learning obtained in training. Accomplishing transfer is not an automatic phenomenon, but rather a voluntary one, influenced by variables related to characteristics of the learner, the design and development of training, or the work environment. According to empirical studies, the influential variables most strongly associated with transfer are: the cognitive ability of the learner, her scrupulousness and voluntary involvement in training, the support of the supervisor or fellow learners, and the climate of transfer and organizational restrictions in the work environment

La transferencia de la formación del profesorado universitario. Aportaciones de la investigación reciente

The article examines the topic of transfer of training. We conducted document research focused on anlyzing prior meta-analytic works and literature reviews, conducted in Europe and the United States between 1988 and 2013. The main results find that transfer is a construct which alludes to effective and ongoing application in the work of learning obtained in training. Accomplishing transfer is not an automatic phenomenon, but rather a voluntary one, influenced by variables related to characteristics of the learner, the design and development of training, or the work environment. According to empirical studies, the influential variables most strongly associated with transfer are: the cognitive ability of the learner, her scrupulousness and voluntary involvement in training, the support of the supervisor or fellow learners, and the climate of transfer and organizational restrictions in the work environment

Analyzing gender disparities in STEAM: A Case Study from Bioinformatics Workshops in the University of Granada

La bioinformática es un área interdisciplinaria que ha despertado un gran interés tanto para el mundo académico como para las corporaciones en los últimos años. Esta área creciente combina conocimientos y habilidades de las áreas de biología y ciencia, tecnología, ingeniería, artes y matemáticas (STEM). Una de las ventajas de la sinergia entre estas dos áreas de trabajo es que ofrece una oportunidad para cerrar la brecha de género de STEM tradicional. A pesar de esta oportunidad y la importancia y amplia aplicación del campo de la bioinformática, este tema aún no ha ganado suficiente visibilidad en los programas de posgrado para los títulos de bachillerato en la Universidad de Granada. Esto ha motivado la organización de un "Taller educativo sobre bioinformática" anual en la Universidad de Granada por el Departamento de Ciencias de la Computación e Inteligencia Artificial. Los resultados del análisis de las dos primeras ediciones de este taller muestran un gran interés en el tema por la comunidad universitaria en todos los niveles (por ejemplo, estudiantes de pregrado y posgrado, docentes e investigadores) sin distinción significativa entre los géneros a nivel global. Al analizar el grupo de estudiantes, las mujeres mostraron un mayor interés en el tema. Sin embargo, este interés no se reflejó en los estratos universitarios superiores (docentes e investigadores), que representan un vistazo de la situación actual general española en el área.Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary area that has raised a high interest for both academia and corporations in recent years. This rising area combines knowledge and skills from Bio and Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics (STEM) areas. One of the advantages of the synergy between these two work areas is that it offers an opportunity for closing the traditional STEM's gender gap. Despite this opportunity and the signi cance and wide application of bioinformatics eld, this topic has still not gained enough visibility in the graduate programs for the Bio Bachelor Degrees at the University of Granada. This has motivated the organization of an annual \Educational Workshop on Bioinformatics" at the University of Granada by the Department of Computer Science and Arti cial Intelligence. Results of the analysis of the rst two editions of this workshop show a great interest on the topic by the university community at all levels (e.g. undergraduate and graduate students, teachers and researchers) without signi cant distinction among genders at global level. When analyzing student group, women did show a higher interest on the subject. However, this interest was not reflected in the higher university strata (teachers and researchers), which represents a glimpse of the spanish general current situation on the area.Universidad de Granada: Departamento de Arquitectura y Tecnología de Computadore

Enfermedad meningocócica en España. Análisis de la temporada 2015-2016

[ES]La enfermedad meningocócica es de declaración obligatoria en España. Los casos se notifican de manera individualizada con periodicidad semanal incluyendo información epidemiológica y microbiológica a través de la Red Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiológica (RENAVE). La presentación de esta enfermedad en la población española ha sufrido cambios muy importantes. El uso de la vacuna frente al serogrupo C ha causado un gran descenso de la incidencia por este serogrupo. Además en la última década también han disminuido los casos por serogrupo B. En la temporada 2015-2016 se notificaron 314 casos, de los que se confirmaron 268 y la incidencia fue de 0,58 por 100.000 habitantes. Se presenta el análisis de los resultados generales de la vigilancia epidemiológica de la enfermedad meningocócica para la temporada 2015-2016 en España y su comparación con las previas. [EN] Meningococcal disease is notifiable in Spain. The cases are notified individually on a weekly basis, including epidemiological and microbiological information through the National Network of Epidemiological Surveillance (RENAVE). The incidence of this disease in the Spanish population has undergone very important changes. Vaccination against serogroup C has caused a large decrease in the incidence of this serogroup. In addition, in the last decade cases caused by serogroup B have also decreased. In the 2015-2016 season, 314 cases were notified, of which 268 were confirmed and the incidence was 0.58 per 100,000 inhabitants. We analyzed the results of the epidemiological surveillance of meningococcal disease for the 2015-2016 season in Spain and its comparison with the previous ones

Enfermedades Meningocócica en España. Análisis de la temporada 2015-2016

[ES] La enfermedad meningocócica es de declaración obligatoria en España. Los casos se notifican de manera individualizada con periodicidad semanal incluyendo información epidemiológica y microbiológica a través de la Red Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiológica (RENAVE). La presentación de esta enfermedad en la población española ha sufrido cambios muy importantes. El uso de la vacuna frente al serogrupo C ha causado un gran descenso de la incidencia por este serogrupo. Además en la última década también han disminuido los casos por serogrupo B. En la temporada 2015-2016 se notificaron 314 casos, de los que se confirmaron 268 y la incidencia fue de 0,58 por 100.000 habitantes. Se presenta el análisis de los resultados generales de la vigilancia epidemiológica de la enfermedad meningocócica para la temporada 2015-2016 en España y su comparación con las previas. [EN] Meningococcal disease is notifiable in Spain. The cases are notified individually on a weekly basis, including epidemiological and microbiological information through the National Network of Epidemiological Surveillance (RENAVE). The incidence of this disease in the Spanish population has undergone very important changes. Vaccination against serogroup C has caused a large decrease in the incidence of this serogroup. In addition, in the last decade cases caused by serogroup B have also decreased. In the 2015-2016 season, 314 cases were notified, of which 268 were confirmed and the incidence was 0.58 per 100,000 inhabitants. We analyzed the results of the epidemiological surveillance of meningococcal disease for the 2015-2016 season in Spain and its comparison with the previous ones.N

External validation of the INCREMENT-CPE mortality score in a carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteraemia cohort: the prognostic significance of colistin resistance

External validation of the INCREMENT-CPE risk score (ICS) for 30-day all-cause mortality is needed. There is also scarce information about whether colistin resistance influences the prognosis of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKp) bacteraemia. In this study, the ability of ICS to predict all-cause mortality in the KAPECOR cohort was calculated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve. The association of colistin resistance with mortality was studied. The ICS showed an AUROC curve of 0.77 (95% CI 0.68–0.86). A cut-off of 8 points showed 96.8% sensitivity and 50.7% specificity. Mortality of low-risk patients was not different in those treated with monotherapy versus combination therapy. However, mortality of high-risk patients treated with combination therapy (37.8%) was significantly lower than in those treated with monotherapy (68.4%) (P = 0.008). To study the prognostic significance of colistin resistance, 83 selected cases of bacteraemia due to colistin-susceptible CRKp were obtained from the INCREMENT cohort for comparison. Colistin resistance could not be shown to be associated with higher mortality in either the high-risk ICS group [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.56, 95% CI 0.69–3.33; P = 0.29] or in 37 ICS-matched pairs (aOR = 1.38, 95% CI 0.55–3.42; P = 0.49), or in a sensitivity analysis including only KPC isolates (aOR = 1.81, 95% CI 0.73–4.57; P = 0.20), but the precision of estimates was low. These results validate ICS for all-cause mortality and to optimise targeted therapy for CRKp bacteraemia. Colistin resistance was not clearly associated with increased mortality.This study was supported by Plan Nacional de I+D+i 2013–2016, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Subdirección General de Redes y Centros de Investigación Cooperativa, Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases [REIPI RD16/0016/0001; RD16/0016/0008], co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund ‘A way to achieve Europe’, Operative Program Intelligent Growth 2014–2020

Met signaling in cardiomyocytes is required for normal cardiac function in adult mice.

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and its receptor, Met, are key determinants of distinct developmental processes. Although HGF exerts cardio-protective effects in a number of cardiac pathologies, it remains unknown whether HGF/Met signaling is essential for myocardial development and/or physiological function in adulthood. We therefore investigated the requirement of HGF/Met signaling in cardiomyocyte for embryonic and postnatal heart development and function by conditional inactivation of the Met receptor in cardiomyocytes using the Cre-α-MHC mouse line (referred to as α-MHCMet-KO). Although α-MHCMet-KO mice showed normal heart development and were viable and fertile, by 6 months of age, males developed cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, associated with interstitial fibrosis. A significant upregulation in markers of myocardial damage, such as β-MHC and ANF, was also observed. By the age of 9 months, α-MHCMet-KO males displayed systolic cardiac dysfunction. Mechanistically, we provide evidence of a severe imbalance in the antioxidant defenses in α-MHCMet-KO hearts involving a reduced expression and activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase, with consequent reactive oxygen species accumulation. Similar anomalies were observed in females, although with a slower kinetics. We also found that Met signaling down-regulation leads to an increase in TGF-β production and a decrease in p38MAPK activation, which may contribute to phenotypic alterations displayed in α-MHCMet-KO mice. Consistently, we show that HGF acts through p38α to upregulate antioxidant enzymes in cardiomyocytes. Our results highlight that HGF/Met signaling in cardiomyocytes plays a physiological cardio-protective role in adult mice by acting as an endogenous regulator of heart function through oxidative stress control.Comunidad de Madrid/Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Association Française contre les Myopathies; Seventh Framework Programme; Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale; Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación; Fondation Bettencourt Schueller; European Regional Development Fund; Junta de Andalucía; Junta de Castilla y Leó

Neuroimaging and serum biomarkers of neurodegeneration and neuroplasticity in Parkinson’s disease patients treated by intermittent theta-burst stimulation over the bilateral primary motor area: a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled, crossover trial study

Background and objectives: Intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) is a patterned form of excitatory transcranial magnetic stimulation that has yielded encouraging results as an adjunctive therapeutic option to alleviate the emergence of clinical deficits in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients. Although it has been demonstrated that iTBS influences dopamine-dependent corticostriatal plasticity, little research has examined the neurobiological mechanisms underlying iTBS-induced clinical enhancement. Here, our primary goal is to verify whether iTBS bilaterally delivered over the primary motor cortex (M1) is effective as an add-on treatment at reducing scores for both motor functional impairment and nonmotor symptoms in PD. We hypothesize that these clinical improvements following bilateral M1-iTBS could be driven by endogenous dopamine release, which may rebalance cortical excitability and restore compensatory striatal volume changes, resulting in increased striato-cortico-cerebellar functional connectivity and positively impacting neuroglia and neuroplasticity. Methods: A total of 24 PD patients will be assessed in a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled crossover study involving the application of iTBS over the bilateral M1 (M1 iTBS). Patients on medication will be randomly assigned to receive real iTBS or control (sham) stimulation and will undergo 5 consecutive sessions (5 days) of iTBS over the bilateral M1 separated by a 3-month washout period. Motor evaluation will be performed at different follow-up visits along with a comprehensive neurocognitive assessment; evaluation of M1 excitability; combined structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), resting-state electroencephalography and functional MRI; and serum biomarker quantification of neuroaxonal damage, astrocytic reactivity, and neural plasticity prior to and after iTBS. Discussion: The findings of this study will help to clarify the efficiency of M1 iTBS for the treatment of PD and further provide specific neurobiological insights into improvements in motor and nonmotor symptoms in these patients. This novel project aims to yield more detailed structural and functional brain evaluations than previous studies while using a noninvasive approach, with the potential to identify prognostic neuroprotective biomarkers and elucidate the structural and functional mechanisms of M1 iTBS-induced plasticity in the cortico-basal ganglia circuitry. Our approach may significantly optimize neuromodulation paradigms to ensure state-of-the-art and scalable rehabilitative treatment to alleviate motor and nonmotor symptoms of PD.17 páginas