32 research outputs found
Introdução à Globalização
O termo Globalização é normalmente utilizado a propósito de um conjunto de transformações socioeconómicas que vêm atravessando as sociedades contemporâneas em todos os cantos do mundo. Tais transformações constituem um conjunto de novas realidades e problemas que parecem implicar acrescidas dificuldades e novos desafios para os trabalhadores e a acção sindical. Considerando que o conhecimento constitui um instrumento fundamental para a intervenção social, este Manual visa suscitar a reflexão e o debate através de uma iniciação fundamentada às principais questões que a Globalização suscita. Sem respostas milagrosas, nem receitas acabadas, procuraremos contrariar visões derrotistas, ajudando a trilhar e a consolidar caminhos e alternativas.
Este Manual procura:
Conhecer as principais dinâmicas socioeconómicas do mundo actual; Compreender as questões chave e os conceitos implicados no debate sobre a Globalização; Identificar as principais dimensões da Globalização e conhecer a sua origem e os seus contornos; Colocar e discutir a realidade nacional no contexto da Globalização; Colocar e discutir as questões do trabalho e dos trabalhadores no contexto da Globalização; Identificar as mudanças que a Globalização acarreta para a actividade sindical; Conhecer e discutir dificuldades, reflectindo sobre modos e estratégias para as ultrapassar: Identificar novos desafio
Os caminhos que conduzem uma valise: entre os espaços e os alimentos em A valise do professor
A literatura feminina em uma faculdade de Letras como a UFRJ, onde a maioria dos alunos são mulheres, não parece fazer parte integral do currículo base da graduação e nem da pesquisa sendo realizada na Universidade. Uma literatura feminina não produzida no Brasil parece estar ainda mais a margem nas pesquisas. No entanto, ela existe e sua produção chama atenção tanto qualitativa como quantitativamente, ainda que persista em torno dela uma questão: qual é o seu lugar no sistema da literatura e, de forma mais ampla, no sistema da cultura. O presente trabalho tem como objeto de estudo o livro A valise do professor, da autora japonesa Kawakami Hiromi, e propõe a revisão bibliográfica e a análise textual e discursiva da obra. No tocante aos objetivos específicos, há que se atentar para os modos de representação dos espaços e da alimentação feitos na obra, bem como a caracterização das personagens a partir de modos de vinculação com valor emocional e social. Dentro do enredo, os espaços, que poderiam ser localizados em qualquer lugar do mundo se já não soubéssemos que se trata de uma literatura japonesa, conduzem o relacionamento das personagens principais, enquanto as comidas, por mais diferentes que sejam, são descritas de forma a aproximá-las dos leitores, mostram como eles se relacionam dando profundidade e ligamento à trama
CMB constraints on spatial variations of the vacuum energy density
In a recent article, a simple `spherical bubble' toy model for a spatially
varying vacuum energy density was introduced, and type Ia supernovae data was
used to constrain it. Here we generalize the model to allow for the fact that
we may not necessarily be at the centre of a region with a given set of
cosmological parameters, and discuss the constraints on these models coming
from Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation data. We find tight constraints on
possible spatial variations of the vacuum energy density for any significant
deviations from the centre of the bubble and we comment on the relevance of our
results.Comment: Minor changes; to appear in Astroparticle Physic
Os processos de reprodutibilidade nas obras de arte para além do esgotamento artístico: revisitação, citação e inovação
Não querendo tratar-se, exclusivamente de mais uma dissertação sobre a figura mitológica de Orfeu, esta pesquiza procura, através desse signo, evidenciar um padrão de repetição no meio artístico, em especial no âmbito das artes visuais e da poesia.
A repetição é um processo que possibilita a aprendizagem e a correção de erros passados, tendo potencial para se constituir motor de uma evolução, transformando-se assim num ato de criação. Orfeu tornou-se uma charneira a partir da época medieval, charneira que cada corrente artística utiliza para repensar as origens da arte e, particularmente, o estatuto do artista oprimido.
Este processo leva-nos à revista Orpheu, refletindo sobre poetas e artistas lusobrasileiros que usam Orfeu como figura representativa das suas problemáticas e preocupações sociais. Uma ponderação sobre as diferentes representações da figura na pintura, no teatro e na poesia, atravessando vários séculos, permite tirar conclusões sobre a sua importância neste contexto, que não ficam, naturalmente, concluídas com esta pesquisa.Not wanting to be, exclusively, another dissertation on the mythological figure of Orpheus, this research seeks, through this sign, to evidence a pattern of repetition in the artistic world, especially in the scope of visual arts and poetry.
Repetition is a process that makes it possible to learn and correct past mistakes, having the potential to be an evolutionary engine, transforming itself into an act of creation. Orpheus became a hinge from the medieval period, a hinge that every artistic current use to rethink the origins of art and, particularly, the status of the oppressed artist.
This process leads us to Orpheu magazine, reflecting on Portuguese-Brazilian poets and artists who use Orpheus as a representative figure of their social problems and concerns. A consideration of the different representations of the figure in painting, theater and poetry, crossing several centuries, allows us to draw conclusions about its importance in this context, which are not, of course, concluded with this research
New 2,4,5-triarylimidazoles based on a phenylalanine core: synthesis, photophysical characterization and evaluation as fluorimetric chemosensors for ion recognition
Novel fluorescent 4,5-diarylimidazolyl-phenylalanines 3a-d were prepared by reaction of N-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-4-formylphenylalanine methyl ester and appropriate (hetero)aromatic diones. The photophysical properties of these new unnatural amino acids were evaluated by UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy in solvents of different character and aqueous mixtures with acetonitrile. They were evaluated as novel amino acid based fluorimetric chemosensors for ions through spectrophotometric and spectrofluorimetric titrations with biologically and analytically important anions and cations such as F-, OH-, Cu2+ and Fe3+. The results indicate that there was a strong interaction through the donor N, O and S atoms at the side chain, especially for 4,5-di(furan-2’-yl)imidazolyl-phenylalanine 3a and 4,5-di(thiophen-2’-yl)imidazolyl-phenylalanine 3b with Cu2+ and Fe3+, in a 1:1 complex stoichiometry. The photophysical and metal ion sensing properties of these amino acids suggest that they can be suitable for incorporation into chemosensory peptidic frameworks.Thanks are due to Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT-Portugal) and FEDER-COMPETE for financial support through Centro de Química [PEst-C/QUI/UI0686/2011 (F-COMP-01-0124-FEDER-022716)] and a PhD grant to C.I.C. Esteves (SFRH/BD/68360/2010). The NMR spectrometer Bruker Avance III 400 is part of the National NMR Network and was purchased with funds from FCT and FEDER.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Topology of the universe from COBE-DMR; a wavelet approach
In this paper we pursue a new technique to search for evidence of a finite
Universe, making use of a spherical mexican-hat wavelet decomposition of the
microwave background fluctuations. Using the information provided by the
wavelet coefficients at several scales we test whether compact orientable flat
topologies are consistent with the COBE-DMR data. We consider topological sizes
ranging from half to twice the horizon size. A scale-scale correlation test
indicates that non-trivial topologies with appropriate topological sizes are as
consistent with the COBE-DMR data as an infinite universe. Among the finite
models the data seems to prefer a Universe which is about the size of the
horizon for all but the hypertorus and the triple-twist torus. For the latter
the wavelet technique does not seem a good discriminator of scales for the
range of topological sizes considered here, while a hypertorus has a preferred
size which is 80% of the horizon. This analysis allows us to find a best fit
topological size for each model, although cosmic variance might limit our
ability to distinguish some of the topologies.Comment: 10 pages, 13 figures (12 coloured), submitted to MNRAS. Figures 1,2
and 3 are not included but a complete version of the paper with high
resolution figures can be downloaded from
(http://www.mrao.cam.ac.uk/~graca/topol/
Topology of non-linear structure in the 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey
We study the evolution of non-linear structure as a function of scale in
samples from the 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey, constituting over 221 000 galaxies
at a median redshift of z=0.11. The two flux-limited galaxy samples, located
near the southern galactic pole and the galactic equator, are smoothed with
Gaussian filters of width ranging from 5 to 8 Mpc/h to produce a continuous
galaxy density field. The topological genus statistic is used to measure the
relative abundance of overdense clusters to void regions at each scale; these
results are compared to the predictions of analytic theory, in the form of the
genus statistic for i) the linear regime case of a Gaussian random field; and
ii) a first-order perturbative expansion of the weakly non-linear evolved
field. The measurements demonstrate a statistically significant detection of an
asymmetry in the genus statistic between regions corresponding to low- and
high-density volumes of the universe. We attribute the asymmetry to the
non-linear effects of gravitational evolution and biased galaxy formation, and
demonstrate that these effects evolve as a function of scale. We find that
neither analytic prescription satisfactorily reproduces the measurements,
though the weakly non-linear theory yields substantially better results in some
cases, and we discuss the potential explanations for this result.Comment: 13 pages, matching proof to be published in MNRAS; new version adds
reference and corrects figure
From Weak Lensing to non-Gaussianity via Minkowski Functionals
We present a new harmonic-domain approach for extracting morphological
information, in the form of Minkowski Functionals (MFs), from weak lensing (WL)
convergence maps. Using a perturbative expansion of the MFs, which is expected
to be valid for the range of angular scales probed by most current weak-lensing
surveys, we show that the study of three generalized skewness parameters is
equivalent to the study of the three MFs defined in two dimensions. We then
extend these skewness parameters to three associated skew-spectra which carry
more information about the convergence bispectrum than their one-point
counterparts. We discuss various issues such as noise and incomplete sky
coverage in the context of estimation of these skew-spectra from realistic
data. Our technique provides an alternative to the pixel-space approaches
typically used in the estimation of MFs, and it can be particularly useful in
the presence of masks with non-trivial topology. Analytical modeling of weak
lensing statistics relies on an accurate modeling of the statistics of
underlying density distribution. We apply three different formalisms to model
the underlying dark-matter bispectrum: the hierarchical ansatz, halo model and
a fitting function based on numerical simulations; MFs resulting from each of
these formalisms are computed and compared. We investigate the extent to witch
late-time gravity-induced non-Gaussianity (to which weak lensing is primarily
sensitive) can be separated from primordial non-Gaussianity and how this
separation depends on source redshift and angular scale.Comment: 22 Pages, 12 Figures. Submitting To MNRA
Constraints on the Detectability of Cosmic Topology from Observational Uncertainties
Recent observational results suggest that our universe is nearly flat and
well modelled within a CDM framework. The observed values of
and inevitably involve uncertainties. Motivated
by this, we make a systematic study of the necessary and sufficient conditions
for undetectability as well as detectability (in principle) of cosmic topology
(using pattern repetition) in presence of such uncertainties. We do this by
developing two complementary methods to determine detectability for nearly flat
universes. Using the first method we derive analytical conditions for
undetectability for infinite redshift, the accuracy of which is then confirmed
by the second method. Estimates based on WMAP data together with other
measurements of the density parameters are used to illustrate both methods,
which are shown to provide very similar results for high redshifts.Comment: 16 pages, 1 figure, LaTeX2
Constraints on Inflation
A short introduction to structure formation is given, followed by a
discussion of the possible characteristics of the initial perturbations
assuming a generic inflationary origin. Observational data related to
large-scale structure and the cosmic microwave background radiation is then
used in an attempt to constrain the characteristics of such perturbations.
Future directions are also explored.
The possibility of direct detection of a stochastic gravitational wave
background produced during an inflationary phase in the early Universe is
briefly discussed, as well as the available evidence regarding the present
value of the total energy density in the Universe.Comment: 24 pages, Latex, no figures, based on talks given at the Cargese
School "Cosmology 2000", to be published in New Astronomy, companion paper to
astro-ph/000949