What do women know about testicular cancer? Exploratory study of a female university population

Poster 123 publicado em European Urology Supplements 11 (2012) 191–235.Introduction & Objectives: Testicular cancer (TC) is one of the most common malignancies in young population, and it appears to be increasing worldwide. The cure rate for TC now approaches 100%, but is negatively influenced by the delay in seeking medical attention. Sometimes it’s a man’s partner who spots a change in the testicle. Several publications have showed the importance of the partners in health. There is a lack of evidence about the importance of women, as partners, in the diagnosis of several pathologic processes in men, but we know that the healthy behavior is shaped by the partner. Our objective was to evaluate women’s knowledge about TC, as they can act as educators towards better men’s health. Material & Methods: We performed a survey of 13 questions concerning the awareness of TC and perceived importance of testicular self-examination in 307 women from the university. The questionnaire was sent to the institutional email of students, professors and other workers and the data were collected and then analyzed. Results: The mean age of our group was 26±8.3 years (range 18–58 years). Students were 74.6% (n = 229) of the sample and 25.7% (n = 79) were from the medical course. When asked if they had any knowledge about TC, 89.3% (n = 274) answered they had information about TC. Sixty-four (20.8%) of the participants knew someone with testicular cancer. Only 25% (n = 77) of the women answered correctly to the question about the age group most frequently seen with TC and 57.7% (n = 177) responded properly to the most frequent symptom of testicular cancer. When a paired analysis of the correct answers to the age group of TC and most frequent symptom only 24 (7.8%) of the subjects gave proper responses to every questions. A second part of the questionnaire was about testicular self-examination. Approximately half (50.5%) of the subjects, n = 155, referred knowledge about testicular examination. We used a Lickert-type scale to categorize the perceived importance of this examination from 1 (not important) to 10 (extremely important), with 69.4% (n = 213) considering that this was extremely important (10) and only one participant (0.3%) responded that it wasn’t important. Almost all participants (95.4%) answered that they would advise their male friends to perform testicular self-examination. Conclusions: In this study we have showed a low level of knowledge about TC. Despite this fact, the knowledge about this cancer, a great number of women considered important to men to perform testicular self-examination and were motivated to advise their male friends to perform it. Considering that partners may assume an important role in health promotion and education, maybe women, as the partner of patients in risk of having TC, can be a way of engaging healthy behaviors in men

La Variabilidad de la Frecuencia Cardíaca (VFC) como medida Objetiva de la Atención Sostenida en el Salón de Clase

The objective proposed in this report is to test the theoretical hypothesis that the time of attention sustained by students in the classroom can be measured by the autonomic response of the VFC. 10 subjects participated in the experiment. HRV was observed by means of the analysis of time series in segments of five (5) minutes until completing the observation window for simple moving averages of 60 minutes. The RR series were analyzed in the time, frequency and non-linear index domains.El objetivo que se propone en el presente informe es probar la hipótesis teórica de que el tiempo de atención sostenida en los estudiantes en el salón de clase puede ser medida por la respuesta autonómica de la VFC. 10 sujetos participaron del experimento. La VFC fue observada por medio del análisis de series temporales en segmentos de cinco (5) minutos hasta completar la ventana de observación para medias móviles simples de 60 minutos. Se analizaron las series RR en los dominios de tiempo, de frecuencia e índices no lineares

Evidências científicas sobre o tratamento da anemia ferropriva em pacientes com doença renal crônica / Scientific evidence on the treatment of iron deficiency anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease

A anemia é comum entre pacientes com doença renal crônica, a anemia está subjacente a muitos dos sintomas associados à redução da função renal e está associada ao aumento da mortalidade e hospitalizações, entre os pacientes com DRC, a deficiência de ferro é uma causa comum e reversível de anemia. O ferro sérico, capacidade total de ligação de ferro, ferritina sérica e cálculo da saturação percentual de transferrina são utilizados para estimar os estoques de ferro. A deficiência de ferro é comum entre pacientes com doença renal crônica, recomenda-se monitorar todos os pacientes com DRC quanto à anemia e deficiência de ferro. Recomenda-se administrar ferro para a maioria dos pacientes com DRC que têm um SPT ≤ 20% e uma concentração de ferritina sérica ≤ 100 ng/mL, esses pacientes provavelmente têm estoques reduzidos de ferro. Recomenda-se ferro para a maioria dos pacientes anêmicos com DRC que têm SPT ≤30% e ferritina ≤500 ng/mL. Esses pacientes podem responder à administração suplementar de ferro com um aumento no nível de Hb. Não se recoemenda tratar com ferro pacientes com SPT >30%, pois é improvável que esses pacientes respondam ao ferro.

Evidências sobre a redução do colesterol de lipoproteínas de baixa densidade com outras drogas além de estatinas e inibidores de PCSK6 / Evidence on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol reducing with drugs other than statins and PCSK6 inhibitors

Os agentes de alteração de lipídios abrangem várias classes de medicamentos, incluindo estatinas, inibidores de absorção de colesterol, derivados de ácido fíbrico, sequestrantes de ácidos biliares, inibidores de proproteína convertase subtilisina/kexina tipo 9, ácido nicotínico e outros. Embora as estatinas sejam a terapia preferida para a maioria dos pacientes que necessitam de tratamento de dislipidemia, outros agentes estão disponíveis com vários níveis de evidência para benefícios clínicos. Em pacientes que não atingem a meta desejada de colesterol de lipoproteína de baixa densidade com terapia com estatina, adicionamos ezetimiba com mais frequência do que qualquer outra droga que altera os lipídios. O principal uso da terapia com fibratos é no manejo de pacientes com hipertrigliceridemia, o ácido nicotínico é pouco utilizado no tratamento do LDL-C e pode ser usado para diminuir a lipoproteína. A maioria dos pacientes para os quais uma terapia com medicamentos prescritos é considerada aconselhável terá uma elevação no nível de colesterol de lipoproteína de baixa densidade e uma estatina é a terapia de primeira linha estabelecida. Outros medicamentos hipolipemiantes são usados para aumentar os efeitos das estatinas no LDL-C, substituir as estatinas quando essa classe não pode ser usada, pode ser uma opção, ou para tratar distúrbios não-LDL-C, principalmente hipertrigliceridemia

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time, and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space. While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes, vast areas of the tropics remain understudied. In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity, but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases. To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge, it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Urolithiasis in the XXI century: bibliometric analysis of scientific publications in the last decade

Objectivos Com o aumento da prevalência da litíase urinária e com o incremento das tecnologias e técnicas minimamente invasivas nas áreas cirúrgicas seria esperado um aumento do número total de publicações acerca desta patologia. O presente estudo pretendia avaliar se haveria uma tendência evidente para o aumento nas publicações relacionadas com litíase nos jornais urológicos. Foi efectuada uma análise bibliométrica dos artigos relacionados com litíase em cinco jornais prestigiados dedicados à Urologia. Material e métodos Foi efectuada uma pesquisa electrónica utilizando a ferramenta Pubmed e foram consultados todos os volumes das seguintes revistas – British Jornal of Urology International® (BJU Int), European Urology® (Eur Urol), Journal of Endourology® (J Endourol), Journal of Urology® (J Urol) e Urology® (Urology) – nos anos de 2001 a 2010. Todos os artigos relacionados com litíase renal e ureteral foram identificados, registados em base de dados e analisados. Resultados Nos jornais e período analisados foi publicado um total de 30 847 artigos. O J Urol foi o jornal com o maior número de artigos publicados por ano, com uma média de 1146 artigos por ano. O J Endourol foi a publicação com o menor número de artigos publicados (média de 231 artigos por ano). Durante o período analisado houve um total de 1425 artigos relacionados com litíase em todos os jornais. O J Endourol foi o jornal com o maior número de artigos de litíase durante esta década, com um número total de 545 artigos. A proporção de publicações relacionadas com urolitíase e totais para cada ano foi analisada. O J Endourol foi a publicação com a maior proporção. Eur Urol foi o jornal com menor número de publicações, com proporções variáveis entre 0 (no ano de 2010) e 5,3% (no ano de 2003), com uma diminuição nos últimos anos da década, todos os outros jornais tiveram uma proporção estável de publicações. Conclusões A urolitíase, como grande tema na prática urologista, deveria representar uma fonte importante de estudos originais nos jornais mais activos na área da Urologia. No entanto, o estudo actual demonstrou que durante a última década o número de publicações acerca desta temática manteve‐se relativamente estável.Objectives As the prevalence of urolithiasis is growing and there has been an increase in technologies and minimally invasive techniques in all areas of surgery, it would be expected that the total number of publications about this disease should increase. We hypothesized if there is also an evident trend towards the increase of urolithiasis related publications in urology journals. We evaluated the publications in five prestigious urology journals over the last decade, in order to perform a bibliometric analysis of every article published related to urinary lithiasis. Material and methods An electronic search was performed using PubMed and all issues of British Journal of Urology International® (BJU Int); European Urology® (Eur Urol); Journal of Endourology® (J Endourol); Journal of Urology® (J Urol) and Urology® (Urology) were consulted from 2001 to 2010. All articles related to renal and ureteral lithiasis were collected, recorded and analyzed. Results A total of 30,847 articles were published in these five prestigious journals. The J Urol was the journal with the most number of articles published per year with an average of 1146 papers. J Endourol was the publication with less publicated articles in this decade, with an average of 231 papers per year. There was a total of 1425 urolithiasis related papers in all journals. The J Endourol was the journal with the greatest number of urolithiasis related articles published in the period of analysis, with a total of 545 articles. The ratio of urolithiasis related articles and the total articles published per year in each journal was analyzed. The J Endourol was the publication with the greatest ratio. Eur Urol was the journal with less publications in urolithiasis, with ratios ranging from 0 in the year of 2010 and 5.3% in the year of 2003, with a decrease in the last years. All the other journals maintained a stable ratio of publications. Conclusions Urolithiasis as a great subject to urologists practice would be expected to be an important source of original research studies in the more active urology journals. However, our study showed that, during the last decade, there was a steady number of urolithiasis related articles published in several journals.Apoio financeiro para a apresentação por parte da APU