Análise de defeitos em produtos e processos de uma empresa de produção de mobiliário e melhorias no autocontrolo e normalização de postos de trabalho

Dissertação de mestrado em Engenharia IndustrialA presente dissertação inserida no 2º ano do mestrado em Engenharia Industrial, do Departamento de Sistemas e Produção da Universidade do Minho, tem como principais objetivos a implementação de procedimentos de autocontrolo através do tratamento de reclamações internas de produtos não conformes e normalização de postos de trabalho através da criação de instruções de trabalho de apoio à produção numa empresa de fabricação de mobiliário de madeira, a IKEA Industry Portugal, com sede em Paços de Ferreira. A IKEA Industry tem vindo, ao longo dos anos, a implementar sistemas e ferramentas da qualidade, que têm como base a eliminação de desperdícios ao longo do fluxo produtivo, como forma de se manter competitiva no mercado. Para tal, a empresa desenvolve projetos de investigação em parceria com as universidades, acolhendo jovens estagiários, sendo que o principal foco dos temas dos projetos incide essencialmente na implementação de ferramentas de forma a controlar os processos e melhorá-los de forma contínua. Cada vez mais, as empresas têm vindo a ser pressionadas para melhorar as suas práticas de gestão de produção devido a diversos fatores, como baixa produtividade, alto índice de desperdício e excesso de tempo gasto nas tarefas e na resposta aos clientes. Uma filosofia que pode trazer contribuições nesse contexto são os sistemas de gestão da qualidade que recorrem a um conjunto muito diversificado de ferramentas. Para a elaboração da presente dissertação usou-se a metodologia Investigação-Ação. Assim, numa primeira fase, fez-se uma análise geral da empresa e de seguida, uma análise mais pormenorizada da área de estudo recorrendo a ferramentas da qualidade como fluxogramas, diagramas de Pareto, diagramas de Causa-Efeito (diagrama de Ishikawa), entre outras. Através desta análise constatou-se a falta de um método de trabalho standard nas áreas de autocontrolo, retrabalho, desperdício e, nomeadamente, elevado número de defeitos. Assim, através da implementação de procedimentos de autocontrolo e criação de instruções de trabalho apresentaram-se melhorias para atingir o Trabalho Normalizado ou Standard Work permitindo diminuir as taxas de erro, aumentar a polivalência entre operadores, visualizar com maior facilidade os problemas existentes, aprender mais facilmente novas operações e reduzir a variabilidade na execução de tarefas.The present dissertation, inserted in the 2nd year of the Master's Degree in Industrial Engineering, from the Department of Systems and Production of the University of Minho, has as main objectives the implementation of self-control procedures through the treatment of internal complaints of nonconforming products and standardization of jobs through the creation of production support work instructions at a wood furniture manufacturing company, IKEA Industry Portugal, headquartered in Paços de Ferreira. Over the years, IKEA Industry has been implementing quality systems and tools that are based on the elimination of waste along the production flow as a way to remain competitive in the market. To this end, the company develops research projects in partnership with universities, welcoming young trainees, and the main focus of project themes is essentially the implementation of tools in order to control processes and improve them continuously. Increasingly, companies have been under pressure to improve their production management practices because of several factors, such as low productivity, high waste rates, and excessive time spent on tasks and customer response. One philosophy that can make contributions in this context is quality management systems that use a wide and varied set of tools. For the elaboration of the present dissertation the Research-Action methodology was used. In a first phase, a general analysis of the company was made and then a more detailed analysis of the study area using quality tools such as flowcharts, Pareto diagrams, Cause-Effect diagrams (Ishikawa diagram), among others. This analysis revealed the lack of a standard working method in the areas of self-control, rework, waste and, in particular, a high number of defects. That way, through the implementation of self-control procedures and creation of work instructions, improvements were made to achieve Standard Work, allowing to reduce error rates, increase operator versatility, more easily visualize existing problems, learn more operations and reduce variability in task execution

Contributing data for risk assessment of traditional fermented sausages: “Salpicão de Vinhais” and “Chouriça de Vinhais”

“Salpicão de Vinhais” and “Chouriça de Vinhais” are traditional dry-fermented smoked meat sausages produced in Vinhais, a small region of Trás-os-Montes, Portugal. The scientific knowledge of this sausage variety is limited. Seventy-seven samples of “Salpicão” and “Chouriça de Vinhais” were purchased from producers, local markets and retail stores. Their microbiological and physical chemical characteristics were analysed. The same analyses were performed on the raw materials and ingredients and products during the production processes. Regarding the pathogenic flora, Staphylococcus aureus, spores of sulphite reducing clostridia, Escherichia coli 0157:H7, Yersinia spp. and Salmonella spp. were not detected in any of the samples analysed; Listeria monocytogenes was detected in 14.3% of the samples. The manufacturing process, namely fermentation, ripening/drying and smoking reduced the numbers of pathogen and hygiene indicator micro-organisms

Eyes wide shut - unusual two stage repair of pectus excavatum and annuloaortic ectasia in a 37 year old marfan patient: Case report

We report about a 37 year old male patient with a pectus excavatum. The patient was in NYHA functional class III. After performed computed tomography the symptoms were thought to be related to the severity of chest deformation. A Ravitch-procedure had been accomplished in a district hospital in 2009. The crack of a metal bar led to a reevaluation 2010, in which surprisingly the presence of an annuloaortic ectasia (root 73 × 74 mm) in direct neighborhood of the formerly implanted metal-bars was diagnosed. Echocardiography revealed a severe aortic valve regurgitation, the left ventricle was massively dilated presenting a reduced ejection fraction of 45%. A marfan syndrome was suspected and the patient underwent a valve sparing aortic root replacement (David procedure) in our institution with an uneventful postoperative course. A review of the literature in combination with discussion of our case suggests the application of stronger recommendations towards preoperative cardiovascular assessment in patients with pectus excavatum

Eyes wide shut - unusual two stage repair of pectus excavatum and annuloaortic ectasia in a 37 year old marfan patient: Case report

We report about a 37 year old male patient with a pectus excavatum. The patient was in NYHA functional class III. After performed computed tomography the symptoms were thought to be related to the severity of chest deformation. A Ravitch-procedure had been accomplished in a district hospital in 2009. The crack of a metal bar led to a reevaluation 2010, in which surprisingly the presence of an annuloaortic ectasia (root 73 × 74 mm) in direct neighborhood of the formerly implanted metal-bars was diagnosed. Echocardiography revealed a severe aortic valve regurgitation, the left ventricle was massively dilated presenting a reduced ejection fraction of 45%. A marfan syndrome was suspected and the patient underwent a valve sparing aortic root replacement (David procedure) in our institution with an uneventful postoperative course. A review of the literature in combination with discussion of our case suggests the application of stronger recommendations towards preoperative cardiovascular assessment in patients with pectus excavatum

One-Year Hemodynamic Performance of Three Cardiac Aortic Bioprostheses: A Randomized Comparative Clinical Trial

Background: We aimed to compare 1 year the hemodynamic in-vivo performance of three biological aortic prostheses (Carpentier Perimount Magna EaseTM, Crown PRTTM, and TrifectaTM). Methods: The sample used in this study comes from the “BEST-VALVE” clinical trial, which is a phase IV single-blinded randomized clinical trial with the three above-mentioned prostheses. Results: 154 patients were included. Carpentier Perimount Magna EaseTM (n = 48, 31.2%), Crown PRTTM (n = 51, 32.1%) and TrifectaTM (n = 55, 35.7%). One year after the surgery, the mean aortic gradient and the peak aortic velocity was 17.5 (IQR 11.3–26) and 227.1 (IQR 202.0–268.8) for Carpentier Perimount Magna EaseTM, 21.4 (IQR 14.5–26.7) and 237.8 (IQR 195.9–261.9) for Crown PRTTM, and 13 (IQR 9.6–17.8) and 209.7 (IQR 176.5–241.4) for TrifectaTM, respectively. Pairwise comparisons demonstrated improved mean gradients and maximum velocity of TrifectaTM as compared to Crown PRTTM. Among patients with nominal prosthesis sizes ≤ 21, the mean and peak aortic gradient was higher for Crown PRTTM compared with TrifectaTM, and in patients with an aortic annulus measured with metric Hegar dilators less than or equal to 22 mm. Conclusions: One year after surgery, the three prostheses presented a different hemodynamic performance, being TrifectaTM superior to Crown PRTTM

Beta-3 adrenergic agonists reduce pulmonary vascular resistance and improve right ventricular performance in a porcine model of chronic pulmonary hypertension

Beta-3 adrenergic receptor (beta 3AR) agonists have been shown to produce vasodilation and prevention of ventricular remodeling in different conditions. Given that these biological functions are critical in pulmonary hypertension (PH), we aimed to demonstrate a beneficial effect of beta 3AR agonists in PH. An experimental study in pigs (n = 34) with chronic PH created by pulmonary vein banding was designed to evaluate the acute hemodynamic effect and the long-term effect of beta 3AR agonists on hemodynamics, vascular remodeling and RV performance in chronic PH. Ex vivo human experiments were performed to explore the expression of beta 3AR mRNA and the vasodilator response of beta 3AR agonists in pulmonary arteries. Single intravenous administration of the beta 3AR agonist BRL37344 produced a significant acute reduction in PVR, and two-weeks treatment with two different beta 3AR selective agonists, intravenous BRL37344 or oral mirabegron, resulted in a significant reduction in PVR (median of -2.0 Wood units/m(2) for BRL37344 vs. + 1.5 for vehicle, p = 0.04; and -1.8 Wood units/m(2) for mirabegron vs. + 1.6 for vehicle, p = 0.002) associated with a significant improvement in magnetic resonance-measured RV performance. Histological markers of pulmonary vascular proliferation (p27 and Ki67) were significantly attenuated in beta 3AR agonists-treated pigs. beta 3AR was expressed in human pulmonary arteries and beta 3AR agonists produced vasodilatation. beta 3AR agonists produced a significant reduction in PVR and improved RV performance in experimental PH, emerging as a potential novel approach for treating patients with chronic PH.This work was supported by Fonde Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) Instituto de Salud Carlos III-Fondo de Investigacion Sanitaria PI13/02339 (to A. G-A), and the competitive grant ``CNIC-Translational 01-2009´´ (to BI). R F-J is recipient of a ``Rio Hortega´´ fellowship granted by the ISCIII. R F-J is recipient of the ``FICNIC´´ fellowship granted by the ``Fundacio Jesus Serra´´, ``Fundacion Interhospitalaria de Investigacion Cardiovascular (FIC)´´ and CNIC. A. G-A, B. I, L. F-F, R. F-J, M. S and JM. G-R are members of ``Red de Investigacion Cardiovascular´´ (RIC RD12/0042/0006 and RD12/0042/0054) from the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, ISCIII´´. The CNIC is supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) and the Pro-CNIC Foundation, and is a Severo Ochoa Center of Excellence (MINECO award SEV-2015-0505).S

Association of myocardial T1-mapping CMR with hemodynamics and RV performance in pulmonary hypertension

Early detection of right ventricular (RV) involvement in chronic pulmonary hypertension (PH) is essential due to prognostic implications. T1 mapping by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) has emerged as a noninvasive technique for extracellular volume fraction (ECV) quantification. We assessed the association of myocardial native T1 time and equilibrium contrast ECV (Eq-ECV) at the RV insertion points with pulmonary hemodynamics and RV performance in an experimental model of chronic PH. Right heart catheterization followed by immediate CMR was performed on 38 pigs with chronic PH (generated by surgical pulmonary vein banding) and 6 sham-operated controls. Native T1 and Eq-ECV values at the RV insertion points were both significantly higher in banded animals than in controls and showed significant correlation with pulmonary hemodynamics, RV arterial coupling, and RV performance. Eq-ECV values also increased before overt RV systolic dysfunction, offering potential for the early detection of myocardial involvement in chronic PH.Sin financiación7.815 JCR (2015) Q1, 6/124 Cardiac and cardiovascular system, 1/124 Radiology, nueclear medicine and medicine imagingUE