Des pistes pour gérer les risques de pollution pollinique à grande distance

National audienc

Pollinisation de l'artichaut (Cynara scolymus L.) par l'abeille domestique (Apis mellifera L.) en production de semences hybrides sous abris grillagés

Pollination of globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) by honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) to produce hybrid seed under enclosure. Globe artichoke is currently multiplied mainly by vegetative means, but the planting of seeds could lead to easier cropping practices and improved yields. This is especially true with hybrid seeds which could be produced using the two genetic male-sterility systems available. For two years, we studied the effectiveness of honey bees as pollinators to produce hybrid seeds of globe artichoke under insect-proof enclosures. We used two adjacent $10 \times 6$ m tunnels covered with 1-mm mesh screen and planted with 2 male-fertile (MF) and 7 male-sterile (MS) lines (tab. I). Each tunnel was provided with a colony of 3,500 bees at the onset of MF flowering. Flowering of MS and MF lines was well synchronized (fig. 1), and the number of flower heads per plant was similar for all lines. Yet, there were over 10-fold differences in both years in the density of foragers that visited the various lines with extremes of 0.04 to 1.18 honey bees per head (fig. 2). Some foragers collected pollen, but these were rarely seen on MS heads. The ranking of MS lines in terms of forager density was similar over both seasons, which suggests that the differences in attractiveness among these lines were of genetic origin and probably resulted from differences in nectar availability or composition. Yield of achenes per plant also varied significantly among lines (fig. 3). The proportion of heads that were empty ranged from 23% to 100% among MS lines, and for each season was negatively correlated with the average forager density on each line (fig. 4). The number of achenes per head in the flower heads which were not empty did not vary significantly among MS lines (tab. II), which suggests that the pollination effectiveness of honey bee visits was similar among these different lines. This achene content was greater in MF heads, which is consistent with a greater pollination effectiveness of honey bees in this inflorescence due to the presence of pollen and some self-fertility in MF lines. The overall forager density was similar between the two seasons as was the proportion of empty MS heads, but the achene content of non-empty MS heads was significantly greater in the second year than in the first one (tab. II). This suggests that the pollination effectiveness of individual visits was greater in the second year. Pollen availability was similar in both seasons, but there were 5 times fewer foragers collecting pollen in the second year compared to the first one. The pool of pollen is limited when producing hybrid seed, especially in confined environments, and our results suggest that in these situations the level of pollen collection may negatively affect the pollination activity of honey bee colonies.On a étudié le butinage des abeilles domestiques (Apis mellifera) et leur efficacité pollinisatrice avec 2 lignées mâle fertiles (MF) et 7 lignées mâle stériles (MS) d'artichaut (Cynara scolymus) sous cages " insectproof "pendant 2 ans. Les floraisons MF et MS étaient synchrones et la floribondité de toutes les lignées était comparable. Néanmoins, les densités de butineuses ont varié selon les lignées avec des extrêmes allant de 0,04 à 1,18 abeilles par capitule et le classement des lignées était similaire lors des 2 années. La proportion de capitules MS sans akène a varié de 23 à 100 % et elle était corrélée négativement avec la densité de butineuses, ce qui souligne l'importance de l'attractivité des lignées MS pour leur pollinisation. Le nombre d'akènes des capitules pourvus d'akènes était plus élevé pour les lignées MF que MS, mais il était uniforme pour toutes les lignées MS à chaque saison, ce qui suggère que l'efficacité pollinisatrice des visites d'abeilles était constante sur ces lignées

Pollinisation de l'artichaut (Cynara scolymus L.) par l'abeille domestique (Apis mellifera L.) en production de semences hybrides sous abris grillagés

Pollination of globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) by honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) to produce hybrid seed under enclosure. Globe artichoke is currently multiplied mainly by vegetative means, but the planting of seeds could lead to easier cropping practices and improved yields. This is especially true with hybrid seeds which could be produced using the two genetic male-sterility systems available. For two years, we studied the effectiveness of honey bees as pollinators to produce hybrid seeds of globe artichoke under insect-proof enclosures. We used two adjacent $10 \times 6$ m tunnels covered with 1-mm mesh screen and planted with 2 male-fertile (MF) and 7 male-sterile (MS) lines (tab. I). Each tunnel was provided with a colony of 3,500 bees at the onset of MF flowering. Flowering of MS and MF lines was well synchronized (fig. 1), and the number of flower heads per plant was similar for all lines. Yet, there were over 10-fold differences in both years in the density of foragers that visited the various lines with extremes of 0.04 to 1.18 honey bees per head (fig. 2). Some foragers collected pollen, but these were rarely seen on MS heads. The ranking of MS lines in terms of forager density was similar over both seasons, which suggests that the differences in attractiveness among these lines were of genetic origin and probably resulted from differences in nectar availability or composition. Yield of achenes per plant also varied significantly among lines (fig. 3). The proportion of heads that were empty ranged from 23% to 100% among MS lines, and for each season was negatively correlated with the average forager density on each line (fig. 4). The number of achenes per head in the flower heads which were not empty did not vary significantly among MS lines (tab. II), which suggests that the pollination effectiveness of honey bee visits was similar among these different lines. This achene content was greater in MF heads, which is consistent with a greater pollination effectiveness of honey bees in this inflorescence due to the presence of pollen and some self-fertility in MF lines. The overall forager density was similar between the two seasons as was the proportion of empty MS heads, but the achene content of non-empty MS heads was significantly greater in the second year than in the first one (tab. II). This suggests that the pollination effectiveness of individual visits was greater in the second year. Pollen availability was similar in both seasons, but there were 5 times fewer foragers collecting pollen in the second year compared to the first one. The pool of pollen is limited when producing hybrid seed, especially in confined environments, and our results suggest that in these situations the level of pollen collection may negatively affect the pollination activity of honey bee colonies.On a étudié le butinage des abeilles domestiques (Apis mellifera) et leur efficacité pollinisatrice avec 2 lignées mâle fertiles (MF) et 7 lignées mâle stériles (MS) d'artichaut (Cynara scolymus) sous cages " insectproof "pendant 2 ans. Les floraisons MF et MS étaient synchrones et la floribondité de toutes les lignées était comparable. Néanmoins, les densités de butineuses ont varié selon les lignées avec des extrêmes allant de 0,04 à 1,18 abeilles par capitule et le classement des lignées était similaire lors des 2 années. La proportion de capitules MS sans akène a varié de 23 à 100 % et elle était corrélée négativement avec la densité de butineuses, ce qui souligne l'importance de l'attractivité des lignées MS pour leur pollinisation. Le nombre d'akènes des capitules pourvus d'akènes était plus élevé pour les lignées MF que MS, mais il était uniforme pour toutes les lignées MS à chaque saison, ce qui suggère que l'efficacité pollinisatrice des visites d'abeilles était constante sur ces lignées

New evidence of long distance pollen transport to southern Greenland in late spring

International audienceNew observations of long-distance pollen transport to southern Greenland are recorded during the last 2 weeks of May, 2003. The results indicate northeastern North America as the source area of the transported pollen grains as shown in earlier investigations. Backward trajectories indicate that transport occurred twice during the first week corresponding to a time of maximum pollen flux emitted to the atmosphere in the source area. A large percentage of exotic pollen grains were identified, about 11% of the total counted. However, transport during the second week appears to have occurred during a single day at a time of reduced pollen emission into the atmosphere, which was subjected later to severe washout. As a result, only 1% of the total pollen spectra was identified as exotic grains. The back trajectories modeled by the HYSPLIT application differ somewhat from those previously identified in 2002. Although in both years air passing over southern Greenland at 3000 in carried out the main transport, additional transport could have occurred at a much lower altitude in 2003. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Present-day rhythmic deposition in the grand Rhone prodelta (NW Mediterranean) according to high-resolution pollen analyses

International audienc

Proposal for a European Public Health Research Infrastructure for Sharing of health and Medical administrative data (PHRIMA).

This article is published online with Open Access by IOS Press and distributed under the termsof the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial LicenseInternational audienceIn Europe, health and medical administrative data is increasingly accumulating on a national level. Looking further than re-use of this data on a national level, sharing health and medical administrative data would enable large-scale analyses and European-level public health projects. There is currently no research infrastructure for this type of sharing. The PHRIMA consortium proposes to realise the Public Health Research Infrastructure for Sharing of health and Medical Administrative data (PHRIMA) which will enable and facilitate the efficient and secure sharing of healthcare data

Linking health and administrative data for maternal, child and young adult health

Linking health and administrative data for maternal, child and young adult health. 9. European Public Health Conferenc

Vivre et mourir en temps de guerre de la préhistoire à nos jours

Tenu à Cahors du 19 au 21 juin 2009, le 59e Congrès de la Fédération historique de Midi-Pyrénées proposait aux chercheurs d’explorer la vie des populations passées du Quercy et des régions voisines dans les périodes les plus difficiles qu’elles aient connues, celles des temps de guerre. Il ne s’agissait pas d’étudier l’histoire militaire, mais les répercussions des guerres, proches ou lointaines, sur la société. Cela dans une longue durée, durant laquelle la nature, les implications et les techniques de la guerre changent du tout au tout. De la Préhistoire à la Deuxième guerre mondiale, les apports des auteurs offrent au lecteur un riche ensemble d’informations, souvent originales, qui lui permettront comparaisons et rapprochements

Sex and gender differences in healthcare utilisation trajectories: a cohort study among Quebec workers living with chronic pain

Objectives Chronic pain (CP) is a poorly recognised and frequently inadequately treated condition affecting one in five adults. Reflecting on sociodemographic disparities as barriers to CP care in Canada was recently established as a federal priority. The objective of this study was to assess sex and gender differences in healthcare utilisation trajectories among workers living with CP.Design Retrospective cohort study.Participants This study was conducted using the TorSaDE Cohort which links the 2007–2016 Canadian Community Health Surveys and Quebec administrative databases (longitudinal claims). Among 2955 workers living with CP, the annual number of healthcare contacts was computed during the 3 years after survey completion.Outcome Group-based trajectory modelling was used to identify subgroups of individuals with similar patterns of healthcare utilisation over time (healthcare utilisation trajectories).Results Across the study population, three distinct 3-year healthcare utilisation trajectories were found: (1) low healthcare users (59.9%), (2) moderate healthcare users (33.6%) and (3) heavy healthcare users (6.4%). Sex and gender differences were found in the number of distinct trajectories and the stability of the number of healthcare contacts over time. Multivariable analysis revealed that independent of other sociodemographic characteristics and severity of health condition, sex—but not gender—was associated with the heavy healthcare utilisation longitudinal trajectory (with females showing a greater likelihood; OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.6 to 4.1).Conclusions Our results underline the importance of assessing sex-based disparities in help-seeking behaviours, access to healthcare and resource utilisation among persons living with CP

Guidelines for reporting secondary findings of genome sequencing in cancer genes: the SFMPP recommendations

IF 3.636 (2017)International audienceIn oncology, the expanding use of multi-gene panels to explore familial cancer predisposition and tumor genome analysis has led to increased secondary findings discoveries (SFs) and has given rise to important medical, ethical, and legal issues. The American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics published a policy statement for managing SFs for a list of genes, including 25 cancer-related genes. Currently, there are few recommendations in Europe. From June 2016 to May 2017, the French Society of Predictive and Personalized Medicine (SFMPP) established a working group of 47 experts to elaborate guidelines for managing information given on the SFs for genes related to cancers. A subgroup of ethicists, lawyers, patients’ representatives, and psychologists provided ethical reflection, information guidelines, and materials (written consent form and video). A subgroup with medical expertise, including oncologists and clinical and molecular geneticists, provided independent evaluation and classification of 60 genes. The main criteria were the “actionability” of the genes (available screening or prevention strategies), the risk evaluation (severity, penetrance, and age of disease onset), and the level of evidence from published data. Genes were divided into three classes: for class 1 genes (n = 36), delivering the information on SFs was recommended; for class 2 genes (n = 5), delivering the information remained questionable because of insufficient data from the literature and/or level of evidence; and for class 3 genes (n = 19), delivering the information on SFs was not recommended. These guidelines for managing SFs for cancer-predisposing genes provide new insights for clinicians and laboratories to standardize clinical practices