Procesado Tiempo-Frecuencia: Aplicación a la percepción humana del sonido

Esta tesis está dedicada al estudio de las distintas herramientas que se disponen en el campo del Procesado Digital de Señales para analizar la percepción humana del sonido. Para ello, en la primera parte de la tesis se exponen los fundamentos fisiológicos de la percepción humana del sonido, así como los métodos y parámetros fundamentales que permiten evaluar la percepción subjetiva producida, lo que también se conoce como estudio psicoacústico de los sonidos. El análisis psicoacústico permite calcular el valor de una serie de parámetros del sonido para combinarlos de una forma adecuada con el fin de obtener una calificación de su calidad percibida (Sound Quality), lo más parecida posible a la que percibiría una persona. Según los parámetros psicoacústicos combinados, podremos obtener la calificación del grado de molestia, bienestar, stress, disonancia, etc. que produce el sonido en una persona. Respecto a las herramientas disponibles en el campo del Procesado Digital de Señales que puedan ayudar a mejorar el análisis psicoacústico, en esta tesis se realiza un estudio exhaustivo de las posibilidades del procesado Tiempo-Frecuencia. Además de realizar este estudio, el trabajo de investigación se ha centrado en la aplicación del análisis psicoacústico para la calificación de la molestia que producen ciertos tipos de ruido como son los ruidos de motor, ya sea el ruido de combustión producido por el motor, ya sea el ruido de escape. Se sabe que la molestia producida por estos ruidos se puede modelar utilizando una combinación de valores de Loudness (Sonoridad), Sharpness (Agudeza o Tonalidad) y Roughness (Aspereza). El cálculo de los dos primeros parámetros está estandarizado, mientras que existen varias aproximaciones para el cálculo del Roughness, presentando todas ellas serias limitaciones al analizar sonidos de motor, puesto que fueron desarrolladas y probadas para aplicarlas a señales simples. En esta tesis se ha desarrollado un modelo de síntesis de señaCamacho García, A. (2011). Procesado Tiempo-Frecuencia: Aplicación a la percepción humana del sonido [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/36417Palanci

Salud e inmigración en el contexto de esta crisis económica y de valores:el ejemplo de España

Los principales determinantes de la salud de las personas y de las comunidades son sociales y por tanto así deberán ser sus soluciones. En el caso de la población inmigración existe una excepción a esta regla ya que a su llegada por diversos motivos (que pueden resumirse en el 'healthy migration effect') suelen presentar una salud superior a la población que los acoge. No obstante, con el transcurso de los años está salud tiende a deteriorarse. Los Sistemas Sanitarios Públicos de cobertura Universal han demostrado su capacidad de reducir las desigualdades sanitarias. La Unión Europea en diversos documentos ha enfatizado la importancia de garantizar una adecuada atención sanitaria a toda la población incluyendo la inmigrante. España era un referente mundial en este sentido al garantizar la accesibilidad al Sistema Sanitario de todos los inmigrantes independientemente de su situación administrativa. No obstante, a raíz del Real Decreto Ley 12/2012, el Gobierno Español ha excluido a unas 900.000 de este Derecho provocando un grave problema humano, ético y sanitario ante el que distintos colectivos sociales y profesionales han manifestado su oposición

Donning/Doffing and Arm Positioning Influence in Upper Limb Adaptive Prostheses Control

[EN] New upper limb prostheses controllers are continuously being proposed in the literature. However, most of the prostheses commonly used in the real world are based on very old basic controllers. One reason to explain this reluctance to change is the lack of robustness. Traditional controllers have been validated by many users and years, so the introduction of a new controller paradigm requires a lot of strong evidence of a robust behavior. In this work, we approach the robustness against donning/doffing and arm position for recently proposed linear filter adaptive controllers based on myoelectric signals. The adaptive approach allows to introduce some feedback in a natural way in real time in the human-machine collaboration, so it is not so sensitive to input signals changes due to donning/doffing and arm movements. The average completion rate and path efficiency obtained for eight able-bodied subjects donning/doffing five times in four days is 95.83% and 84.19%, respectively, and for four participants using different arm positions is 93.84% and 88.77%, with no statistically significant difference in the results obtained for the different conditions. All these characteristics make the adaptive linear regression a potential candidate for future real world prostheses controllers.This work is partially supported by Ministerio de Educacion, Cultura y Deporte (Spain) under grant FPU15/02870. The authors would like to thank Lucas Parra for the Myo device and Janne M. Hahne for discussions about the subject of the paper.Igual, C.; Camacho-García, A.; Bernabeu Soler, EJ.; Igual García, J. (2020). Donning/Doffing and Arm Positioning Influence in Upper Limb Adaptive Prostheses Control. Applied Sciences. 10(8):1-19. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10082892S119108Esquenazi, A. (2004). 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IEEE Journal of Translational Engineering in Health and Medicine, 4, 1-8. doi:10.1109/jtehm.2016.2616123Phinyomark, A., N. Khushaba, R., & Scheme, E. (2018). Feature Extraction and Selection for Myoelectric Control Based on Wearable EMG Sensors. Sensors, 18(5), 1615. doi:10.3390/s18051615Asghari Oskoei, M., & Hu, H. (2007). Myoelectric control systems—A survey. Biomedical Signal Processing and Control, 2(4), 275-294. doi:10.1016/j.bspc.2007.07.009Spanias, J. A., Perreault, E. J., & Hargrove, L. J. (2016). Detection of and Compensation for EMG Disturbances for Powered Lower Limb Prosthesis Control. IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, 24(2), 226-234. doi:10.1109/tnsre.2015.2413393Castellini, C., & van der Smagt, P. (2008). Surface EMG in advanced hand prosthetics. Biological Cybernetics, 100(1), 35-47. doi:10.1007/s00422-008-0278-1Ameri, A., Akhaee, M. A., Scheme, E., & Englehart, K. (2019). Regression convolutional neural network for improved simultaneous EMG control. Journal of Neural Engineering, 16(3), 036015. doi:10.1088/1741-2552/ab0e2eHahne, J. M., Biebmann, F., Jiang, N., Rehbaum, H., Farina, D., Meinecke, F. C., … Parra, L. C. (2014). Linear and Nonlinear Regression Techniques for Simultaneous and Proportional Myoelectric Control. IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, 22(2), 269-279. doi:10.1109/tnsre.2014.2305520Ameri, A., Scheme, E. J., Kamavuako, E. N., Englehart, K. B., & Parker, P. A. (2014). Real-Time, Simultaneous Myoelectric Control Using Force and Position-Based Training Paradigms. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 61(2), 279-287. doi:10.1109/tbme.2013.2281595Hochberg, L. R., Serruya, M. D., Friehs, G. M., Mukand, J. A., Saleh, M., Caplan, A. H., … Donoghue, J. P. (2006). Neuronal ensemble control of prosthetic devices by a human with tetraplegia. 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Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation, 15(1). doi:10.1186/s12984-018-0422-7Pasquina, P. F., Perry, B. N., Miller, M. E., Ling, G. S. F., & Tsao, J. W. (2015). Recent advances in bioelectric prostheses. Neurology: Clinical Practice, 5(2), 164-170. doi:10.1212/cpj.0000000000000132NING, J., & Dario, F. (2014). Myoelectric control of upper limb prosthesis: current status, challenges and recent advances. Frontiers in Neuroengineering, 7. doi:10.3389/conf.fneng.2014.11.00004Lendaro, E., Mastinu, E., Håkansson, B., & Ortiz-Catalan, M. (2017). Real-time Classification of Non-Weight Bearing Lower-Limb Movements Using EMG to Facilitate Phantom Motor Execution: Engineering and Case Study Application on Phantom Limb Pain. Frontiers in Neurology, 8. doi:10.3389/fneur.2017.00470Mastinu, E., Ortiz-Catalan, M., & Hakansson, B. (2015). Analog front-ends comparison in the way of a portable, low-power and low-cost EMG controller based on pattern recognition. 2015 37th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC). doi:10.1109/embc.2015.7318805BECK, T. W., HOUSH, T. J., CRAMER, J. T., MALEK, M. H., MIELKE, M., HENDRIX, R., & WEIR, J. P. (2008). Electrode Shift and Normalization Reduce the Innervation Zone’s Influence on EMG. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 40(7), 1314-1322. doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e31816c4822Pasquina, P. F., Evangelista, M., Carvalho, A. J., Lockhart, J., Griffin, S., Nanos, G., … Hankin, D. (2015). First-in-man demonstration of a fully implanted myoelectric sensors system to control an advanced electromechanical prosthetic hand. Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 244, 85-93. doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2014.07.016Fougner, A., Scheme, E., Chan, A. D. C., Englehart, K., & Stavdahl, Ø. (2011). Resolving the Limb Position Effect in Myoelectric Pattern Recognition. IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, 19(6), 644-651. doi:10.1109/tnsre.2011.2163529Hwang, H.-J., Hahne, J. M., & Müller, K.-R. (2017). Real-time robustness evaluation of regression based myoelectric control against arm position change and donning/doffing. PLOS ONE, 12(11), e0186318. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0186318Young, A. J., Hargrove, L. J., & Kuiken, T. A. (2011). The Effects of Electrode Size and Orientation on the Sensitivity of Myoelectric Pattern Recognition Systems to Electrode Shift. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 58(9), 2537-2544. doi:10.1109/tbme.2011.2159216Prahm, C., Schulz, A., Paaben, B., Schoisswohl, J., Kaniusas, E., Dorffner, G., … Aszmann, O. (2019). Counteracting Electrode Shifts in Upper-Limb Prosthesis Control via Transfer Learning. 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Multi-robot task allocation problem with multiple nonlinear criteria using branch and bound and genetic algorithms

The paper proposes the formulation of a single-task robot (ST), single-robot task (SR), time-extended assignment (TA), multi-robot task allocation (MRTA) problem with multiple, nonlinear criteria using discrete variables that drastically reduce the computation burden. Obtaining an allocation is addressed by a Branch and Bound (B&B) algorithm in low scale problems and by a genetic algorithm (GA) specifically developed for the proposed formulation in larger scale problems. The GA crossover and mutation strategies design ensure that the descendant allocations of each generation will maintain a certain level of feasibility, reducing greatly the range of possible descendants, and accelerating their convergence to a sub-optimal allocation. The proposed MRTA algorithms are simulated and analyzed in the context of a thermosolar power plant, for which the spatially distributed Direct Normal Irradiance (DNI) is estimated using a heterogeneous fleet composed of both aerial and ground unmanned vehicles. Three optimization criteria are simultaneously considered: distance traveled, time required to complete the task and energetic feasibility. Even though this paper uses a thermosolar power plant as a case study, the proposed algorithms can be applied to any MRTA problem that uses a multi-criteria and nonlinear cost function in an equivalent way. The performance and response of the proposed algorithms are compared for four different scenarios. The results show that the B&B algorithm can find the global optimal solution in a reasonable time for a case with four robots and six tasks. For larger problems, the genetic algorithm approaches the global optimal solution in much less computation time. Moreover, the trade-off between computation time and accuracy can be easily carried out by tuning the parameters of the genetic algorithm according to the available computational power.Unión Europea 789051Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades IJC2018-035395-

Influence of accelerometer signal filtering on automatic detection of gait impact parameters

[EN] Filtering the signal recorded by an accelerometer is essential to remove noise recorded by the sensor, but in order to calculate gait parameters properly, the choice of a suitable cutoff frequency of the filter is critical. This paper evaluates the influence of the filter cutoff frequency in the calculation of the parameters: vertical peak tibial acceleration and acceleration rate. The accelerometer signal filtering with low-pass filter with cutoff frequency below 50 Hz gives good results in the calculation of peak tibial acceleration but produces estimations of the acceleration rate below its real valueThis work has been sponsored by the Generalitat Valenciana: application 09.02.03.542.50.7 budget line T4015 grant from the “Conselleria de Educación, Cultura y Deporte”, aid for conducting R & D for emerging research groups corresponding to the call set out in Annex IX, the Order 64/2014, of July 31, the “Conselleria de Educación, Cultura y Deporte” (DOCV no. 7.332, of August 5, 2014). Record GV /2015/067.Camacho García, A.; Llinares Llopis, R.; Lucas-Cuevas, Á.; Pérez Soriano, P. (2016). Influence of accelerometer signal filtering on automatic detection of gait impact parameters. International Journal of Advancements in Digital Signal Processing. 3(1). http://hdl.handle.net/10251/94462S3

PI-based controller for low-power distributed inverters to maximise reactive current injection while avoiding over voltage during voltage sags

This paper is a postprint of a paper submitted to and accepted for publication in IET Power Electronics and is subject to Institution of Engineering and Technology Copyright. The copy of record is available at the IET Digital Library.In the recently deregulated power system scenario, the growing number of distributed generation sources should be considered as an opportunity to improve stability and power quality along the grid. To make progress in this direction, this work proposes a reactive current injection control scheme for distributed inverters under voltage sags. During the sag, the inverter injects, at least, the minimum amount of reactive current required by the grid code. The flexible reactive power injection ensures that one phase current is maintained at its maximum rated value, providing maximum support to the most faulted phase voltage. In addition, active power curtailment occurs only to satisfy the grid code reactive current requirements. As well as, a voltage control loop is implemented to avoid overvoltage in non-faulty phases, which otherwise would probably occur due to the injection of reactive current into an inductive grid. The controller is proposed for low-power rating distributed inverters where conventional voltage support provided by large power plants is not available. The implementation of the controller provides a low computational burden because conventional PI-based control loops may apply. Selected experimental results are reported in order to validate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.Peer ReviewedPostprint (updated version

Educational proposal to teach in environmental citizenship around the socio-environmental problem of disposal practices, especially weee in times of pandemic

Se comparte una experiencia de práctica pedagógica desarrollada en la modalidad de enseñanza remota de emergencia con estudiantes del semillero EcoChatarreros del Instituto Técnico Industrial (ITI) Francisco José de Caldas. Para tal fin, se implementó un proyecto en educación ambiental para formar ciudadanos responsables en torno a las prácticas de descarte, especialmente de los residuos de aparatos eléctricos y electrónicos, con el fin de fomentar actitudes críticas y de corresponsabilidad frente a problemas socioambientales. Respecto al enfoque pedagógico empleado, la comunagogía se abordó en el presente estudio.An experience of pedagogical practice developed in the modality of emergency remote teaching with students from the EcoChatarreros Seedbed of the ITI Francisco José de Caldas is shared. To achieve this, an environmental education project was implemented to train responsible citizens around disposal practices, especially of the Waste of Electrical and Electronic Equipment, with the aim to encourage critical attitudes and joint responsibility over socio-environmental problems. With regards to the pedagogical ap-proach used, communagogy was the one used in this study

Branding para la reconstrucción de marcas colombiana “palos de Moguer”.

Partiendo de los conocimientos conseguidos en el curso de extensión sobre planning, branding y social media y haciendo un estudio exploratorio sobre alguna marca y/o empresa local en que se pudiera aplicar alguno de estos tres temas. El articulo propuesto muestra el proceso en la reconstrucción de la marca PALOS DE MOGUER, y las decisiones que se deben tomar sobre cada una las estrategias de branding a implementar. Según Philip opina que el “Branding es un ejercicio de comunicación para definir lo que es una marca, pues cada marca quiere estar en la mente de los consumidores, sin embargo no hay que confundir branding con marketing pues este no representa todas las tareas de mercadotecnia que una marca realiza” (Kotler, 2010) Actualmente para medir el valor y posicionamiento de esta marca se debe tener en cuenta el mercado local ya que es una fuente importante de información y reconocimiento para esta marca, sin dejar de lado la tendencia hacia la globalización y la dura competencia que han forzado a renovarse. Teniendo en cuenta brand positioning statement en la propuesta para la reconstrucción, y agrupados bajo los cuatro elementos del marketing mix, factores internos y externos de los puntos de venta además de otros factores, entre los cuales se mencionan elementos que nos ayudan a que los consumidores creen un vínculo emocional con la marca.PregradoMercadeo y PublicidadMercadeo y Publicida

Evaluation of impact-shock on gait after the implementation of two different training programs in older adults

Gait is negatively affected with increasing age. It is widely accepted that training produces physical-functional improvements in older adults, which can be assessed with numerous physical-functional tests. However, very few studies have been carried out using accelerometry to analyse the training effect on kinetic and kinematic variables in older adults, and there is no one that investigate the effects of two different training programs. Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyse the effects of an interval-walking program and a multicomponent program on the acceleration impacts, shock attenuation, step-length, stride frequency, and gait speed in older adults. Methods: 23 participants were divided into multicomponent training group [n = 12, 7 female, 71.58 (4.56) years] and interval-walking group [n = 11, 6 female, 69.64 (3.56) years]. We evaluated the participants using three triaxial accelerometers, placing one on the distal end of each tibia and one on the forehead. Findings: After 14 weeks' of training, the maximum acceleration values both for the head accelerometer and for the non-dominant tibia, as well as the attenuation in the same leg, increased in the multicomponent training group. The maximum acceleration values for the head and the stride frequency also increased in the intervalwalking group. Lower limb strength improved in both groups. Interpretation: Given the benefits we found for each of these programs, we encourage their consideration when planning older adults training programs and suggest that multicomponent programs should be introduced prior to the start of walking-based programs

Impact of texture TDS and flavour TDS tasks and of chocolate-chip biscuit characteristics on oral processing features

[EN] The objective of the present study was to investigate differences in oral activity when biscuits of the same type but with subtle composition differences are consumed and how performing a Temporal Dominance of Sensations (TDS) task modifies the way one eats. In addition, comparisons were made between performing a texture TDS (T-TDS) and a flavour TDS (F-TDS). Oral activity while eating biscuits with and without conducting a TDS task was recorded using a 3.dimensional motion capture system to monitor the evolution of jaw movements. The results showed that oral activity evolved over the consumption time, differed depending on the texture of the sample and was affected to a small but significant extent when a TDS task was performed simultaneously (the differences averaged < 4 cycles, 1 s in duration, 0.1 cycles/s in frequency, and 1 mm in lateral displacement). The biscuit samples were affected equally. Almost no differences were found on comparing oral activity during the execution of the T-TDS and the F-TDS tasks. Overall, the present results show differences in oral activity even for food products of the same category with subtle differences in composition. Performing TDS tasks (regardless of their modality) during sample consumption affected the total number, frequency and lateral amplitude of the chewing movements which should be taken into account for future research. However, these differences were small and affected both samples equally.The authors are grateful to the Spanish Ministry of the Economy and Competitiveness (AGL-2016-75403-R, Spain) and to the Regional Government of Valencia (Project Prometeo 2017/189, Spain) for financial support.Rizo, A.; Jimenez-Pérez, I.; Camacho-García, A.; Fiszman, S.; Pérez-Soriano, P.; Tarrega, A. (2019). Impact of texture TDS and flavour TDS tasks and of chocolate-chip biscuit characteristics on oral processing features. Food Quality and Preference. 76:109-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2019.04.005S1091177