Analyzing the populist voter in Europe: the effects of political news and internet usage on voting behaviour

Populism is one of the most researched topics in the past decade. There are many factors that can have an effect on the populist vote. It has been claimed that political news and internet use are some of them. Regarding the former, the mediatization and sensationalization of politics alongside the interdependence between political parties and the media could have an effect on people, which eventually might influence their voting behaviour. Regarding the latter, social media algorithms and unregulated content creates echo chambers and filter bubbles that are used by populists who are experts at using online tools to spread their ideas to a vast audience; which could translate into cast a vote for a populist party. Hence, this thesis analyses the effects of the media’s political news (PN) and internet usage (IU) on the populist voter to try to see if their consumption could be linked to voting for a populist party. It also tries to discover if rightwing populist voters (in comparison with left-wing populist and centrist populist voters) are those who spend more time watching political news and using the internet. In order to analyze this, two sets of logistic regression were performed. The first included the main variables of the study, PN and IU, and the second model was applied with the inclusion of 10 additional demographic and attitudinal variables. Each regression was tested in 22 European countries. Depending on types of populism found in each country, the regression was tested in right wing, left wing and centrist populist scenarios. In order to see which kind of populist voter consumes more news and internet, a t-test was carried out to compare the means for the groups of voters. The overall findings showed that the PN and IU do not have a significant effect, except for what can be considered an isolated scenario. Nonetheless, the full model permits the discovery of other findings that will help to give an overview of the behavioral traits of the populist voter.https://www.ester.ee/record=b5508247*es

Exploring the relative value of end of life QALYs: are the comparators important?

In the UK, life extending, end-of-life (EoL) treatments are an exception to standard cost-per-quality-adjusted life year (QALY) thresholds. This implies that greater value is placed on gaining these QALYs, than QALYs gained by the majority of other patient groups treated for anything else in the health system, even for other EoL contexts (such as quality of life (QoL) improvements alone). This paper reports a Person Trade-Off (PTO) study to test whether studies that find societal support for prioritising EoL life extensions can be explained by the severity, in terms of prospective QALYs loss, of the non-terminal comparator scenarios. Eight health scenarios were designed depicting i) QoL improvements for non-EoL temporary (T-QoL) and chronic (C-QoL) health problems and ii) QoL improvements and life extensions (LEs) for EoL health problems. Preferences were elicited from a quota sample of 901 Scottish respondents in 2016 using PTO techniques via Computer Assisted Personal Interview (CAPI). Our results indicate that there is little evidence to suggest that the severity of non-EoL comparator scenarios influence preferences for EoL treatments. Respondents do not appear to have a preference for EoL over non-EoL health gains; instead there is some indication that non-EoL health gains are preferred, particularly when compared to EoL-LE health gains. Comparing between QoL and life extending EoL scenarios, our results suggest QoL improvements are preferred to life extensions. Overall, results challenge current UK EoL policy which gives additional weight to EoL health gains, particularly EoL life extensions in the case of the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)

Exploring the relative value of end of life QALYs: are the comparators important?

In the UK, life extending, end-of-life (EoL) treatments are an exception to standard cost-per-quality-adjusted life year (QALY) thresholds. This implies that greater value is placed on gaining these QALYs, than QALYs gained by the majority of other patient groups treated for anything else in the health system, even for other EoL contexts (such as quality of life (QoL) improvements alone). This paper reports a Person Trade-Off (PTO) study to test whether studies that find societal support for prioritising EoL life extensions can be explained by the severity, in terms of prospective QALYs loss, of the non-terminal comparator scenarios. Eight health scenarios were designed depicting i) QoL improvements for non-EoL temporary (T-QoL) and chronic (C-QoL) health problems and ii) QoL improvements and life extensions (LEs) for EoL health problems. Preferences were elicited from a quota sample of 901 Scottish respondents in 2016 using PTO techniques via Computer Assisted Personal Interview (CAPI). Our results indicate that there is little evidence to suggest that the severity of non-EoL comparator scenarios influence preferences for EoL treatments. Respondents do not appear to have a preference for EoL over non-EoL health gains; instead there is some indication that non-EoL health gains are preferred, particularly when compared to EoL-LE health gains. Comparing between QoL and life extending EoL scenarios, our results suggest QoL improvements are preferred to life extensions. Overall, results challenge current UK EoL policy which gives additional weight to EoL health gains, particularly EoL life extensions in the case of the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)

PREVALENCIA DE GIARDIASIS EN GUARDERÍAS INFANTILES DE TIABAYA – AREQUIPA, PERÚ, 2006

Giardiasisis a cosmopolitan infection, it's prevalence around the world vary between 0.5 and 50%. Its prevalence averages about 15% in Latin America's rural population. Because there is very little information on the prevalence of Giardia infection in our city, we decided to investigate giardiasis prevalence in preschool children of Tiabaya`s district kindergartens, Arequipa province, Peru. Children`s parents were interviewed and fecal samples were collected from 104 children. Samples were processed by modified Teleman technique. The prevalence of Giardia intestinaliswas 25.96%; 70.37% of samples had a single parasite and 29.63% had other parásites. Most of the cases came from rural places with inadequate rubbish elimination. Diarrhea and appetite diminution were the most common symptoms.La Giardiasis constituye una infección cosmopolita, la prevalencia en diversas partes del mundo varía entre 0,5% y 50%, y se calcula que alrededor del 15% de la población rural de América latina presenta dicha infección. Se determinó la prevalencia de Giardiasis en los niños que acuden a las guarderías infantiles del Distrito de Tiabaya en la Provincia y Departamento de Arequipa, Perú. Se procedió a entrevistar a los padres y recoger la muestra de heces a 104 niños, que fueron procesadas mediante el método de Teleman modificado. La prevalencia de Giardia intestinalis fue de 25,96%; de ellos el 70,37% eran monoparasitados y el 29,63% estaba asociado a otros parásitos. La mayoría de casos provienen de zonas rurales donde hay mala disposición de excretas y basura. La diarrea, estreñimiento y la disminución del apetito son los síntomas digestivos más comunes

Barreras para la implementación del Método Mamá Canguro

Objetives: Analyse and discuss the barriers to the implementation of the Kangaroo Mother Method (KMC) in a social security hospital in Lima, Peru. Material and Methods: Qualitative study with ethnographic design carried out between October 2019 and January 2020. Observation and in-depth interviews were the information collection tools used, conducted with mothers, family members, and health personnel (HCP). Results: The most outstanding barriers to the application of the KMC were those related to the humane treatment and knowledge about the KMC by health personnel. On the part of kangaroo mothers, it is the economic and family aspects that negatively influence their involvement in the MMC. Conclusions: Despite the limitation of hospital resources, the mothers stated that carrying out the KMC is challenging mainly due to the weak relationship with some members of the health personnel. It is important to invest, as a priority, in the human capital involved to contribute to the sustainable transfer and effective care of the premature baby at a household level.Objetivo: Analizar y discutir las barreras de implementación del Método Mamá Canguro en un hospital del seguro social de Lima, Perú. Material y Métodos. Estudio cualitativo con diseño etnográfico realizado entre los meses de octubre 2019 y enero 2020. Observación y entrevistas a profundidad fueron las herramientas de recojo de información empleadas con madres, familiares y personal de salud (PS). Se entrevistaron a diez madres y ocho miembros del personal de salud de un hospital de la seguridad social en Lima, Perú. Resultados: Las barreras para la aplicación del método mamá canguro más resaltantes fueron las vinculadas al trato humano y al conocimiento del método por parte del personal de salud. De parte de las madres canguro son los aspectos económicos y familiares los que influyen negativamente en el involucramiento del método mamá canguro. Conclusiones: A pesar de la limitación de recursos hospitalarios, las madres manifestaron que llevar a cabo el método mamá canguro se dificulta principalmente por la débil relación con algunos miembros del personal de salud. Es importante invertir, como prioridad, en el capital humano involucrado para contribuir al traslado sostenible y efectivo del cuidado del bebé prematuro a un nivel domiciliario

From representing views to representativeness of views: illustrating a new (Q2S) approach in the context of health care priority setting in nine European countries

Governments across Europe are required to make decisions about how best to allocate scarce health care resources. There are legitimate arguments for eliciting societal vales in relation to health care resource allocation given the roles of the general public as payers and potential patients. However, relatively little is known about the views of the general public on general principles which could guide these decisions. In this paper we present five societal viewpoints on principles for health care resources allocation and develop a new approach, Q2S, designed to investigate the extent to which these views are held across a range of European countries. An online survey was developed, based on a previously completed study Q methodology, and delivered between November 2009 and February 2010 across nine countries to 33,515 respondents. The largest proportion of our respondents (44%), were found to most associate themselves with an egalitarian perspective. Differences in views were more strongly associated with countries than with socio-demographic characteristics. These results provide information which could be useful for decision makers in understanding the pluralistic context in which they are making health care resource allocation decisions and how different groups in society may respond to such decisions

Implementación del sistema de rendición de cuentas en un proyecto de reconstrucción post evento sísmico. Caso: Proyecto de Rehabilitación en Huancavelica

Se estudió el sistema de rendición de cuentas en el marco de la implementación del Proyecto de Reconstrucción de Huancavelica post evento sísmico (2008- 2010) ejecutado por la ONG CARE Perú. Los factores críticos de éxito por las características del sistema, el proceso de implementación y gestión del sistema, las características de participación y percepción de los actores claves con la finalidad de mejorar el sistema de rendición de cuentas. El sistema de Rendición de Cuentas en CARE Perú se apoya en una norma institucional, pero requiere desarrollar capacidades institucionales de confianza y credibilidad en su personal y principalmente a los referentes locales para contribuir a la prevención de conflictos y afianzar la gobernabilidad democrática. Entre las conclusiones más relevantes del sistema de rendición de cuentas analiza la sostenibilidad de su intervención, en razón que no consideró en el diseño la inclusión de personal técnico especializado en dar un constante soporte técnico a los comités de vigilancia, la articulación con los niveles de gobierno local y comunal de cada escenario. Los inconvenientes del tardío proceso de contextualización de los materiales y metodología de capacitación, la falta de legitimidad normativa por el proceso de elección de integrantes de los comités de vigilancia. El comité de vigilancia cumple un rol de liderazgo como generador de información, gestor y tomador de decisiones al mismo nivel de los ejecutores del proyecto.Tesi

Plan estratégico para Apple Inc. en 2015

En el presente trabajo de investigación consiste en una propuesta estratégica para Apple Inc. en el contexto del año 2015 siendo Apple Inc. la empresa más valiosa del mundo según Brandz ranking 2015. Si bien es cierto Apple Inc. es la empresa más valiosa del mercado, ya se avizoraba posibles problemas a causa de la reñida competencia en el segmento de los Smartphone, donde ya no había mayor diferenciación y siendo el Iphone el producto que generaba casi el 70 % de los ingresos de la compañía, en un futuro cercano esto le podía traer problemas a la empresa

The social value of a QALY : raising the bar or barring the raise?

Background: Since the inception of the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) in England, there have been questions about the empirical basis for the cost-per-QALY threshold used by NICE and whether QALYs gained by different beneficiaries of health care should be weighted equally. The Social Value of a QALY (SVQ) project, reported in this paper, was commissioned to address these two questions. The results of SVQ were released during a time of considerable debate about the NICE threshold, and authors with differing perspectives have drawn on the SVQ results to support their cases. As these discussions continue, and given the selective use of results by those involved, it is important, therefore, not only to present a summary overview of SVQ, but also for those who conducted the research to contribute to the debate as to its implications for NICE. Discussion: The issue of the threshold was addressed in two ways: first, by combining, via a set of models, the current UK Value of a Prevented Fatality (used in transport policy) with data on fatality age, life expectancy and age-related quality of life; and, second, via a survey designed to test the feasibility of combining respondents’ answers to willingness to pay and health state utility questions to arrive at values of a QALY. Modelling resulted in values of £10,000-£70,000 per QALY. Via survey research, most methods of aggregating the data resulted in values of a QALY of £18,000-£40,000, although others resulted in implausibly high values. An additional survey, addressing the issue of weighting QALYs, used two methods, one indicating that QALYs should not be weighted and the other that greater weight could be given to QALYs gained by some groups. Summary: Although we conducted only a feasibility study and a modelling exercise, neither present compelling evidence for moving the NICE threshold up or down. Some preliminary evidence would indicate it could be moved up for some types of QALY and down for others. While many members of the public appear to be open to the possibility of using somewhat different QALY weights for different groups of beneficiaries, we do not yet have any secure evidence base for introducing such a system