Gestión del área protegida del Parque Nacional Cotopaxi mediante la generación de cartografía digital a escala 1:5000 según el Acuerdo ministerial 010 "metodología para la zonificación de las áreas protegidas" emitido por la máxima autoridad ambiental el Ministerio del Ambiente, agua y transición ecológica en el 2020

El presente estudio genero un Mapa de Zonificación del Parque Nacional Cotopaxi cumpliendo parámetros establecidos dentro del Acuerdo Ministerial 010; además y el uso de cartografía en escala 1:5000. Uno de los problemas posterior al establecimiento y declaratoria de un Área Protegida es el desconocimiento del límite físico lo que ha generado un problema sobre el avance de la frontera agrícola. Otro factor importante que afecta es el uso de escalas grandes (1:200.000) no permiten una ubicación real de hitos, rótulos o trochas. Estos problemas se relacionan con las diferencias de los límites establecidos en las declaratorias de áreas protegidas, con la cartografía existente y los límites reales en el territorio; esto genera conflictos, dificultando su gestión y conservación. En la actualidad con el avance de la tecnología se trata de subsanar inconsistencias de límites al momento de declarar Áreas Protegidas. El objetivo principal de nuestro proyecto se fundamentó en el análisis del cambio de uso de suelo por el avance de la frontera agrícola por lo cual se utilizó un dron que permitió la obtención de la información geográfica y recopilar datos necesarios para la generación del mapa, además se priorizo condiciones climáticas favorables para realizar el vuelo, para procesar las imágenes obtenidas se utilizó el software PIX4D. Mediante el estudio realizado se pudo observar que el Área Protegida cuenta con una zona de protección de 90,43%, de esta manera cumpliendo con los objetivos de la creación del Área Protegida, en cuanto a la zona que se encuentra en recuperación abarca 4,99%, posterior a la generación de este mapa de zonificación se pretende que esta zona disminuya el porcentaje de superficie afectada por las actividades no controladas al no existir una debida zonificación previa.The present study generated a Zoning Map of the Cotopaxi National Park complying with parameters established within Ministerial Agreement 010; in addition and the use of cartography on a scale of 1:5000. One of the problems after the establishment and declaration of a Protected Area is the lack of knowledge of the physical limit, which has generated a problem regarding the advance of the agricultural frontier. Another important factor that affects is the use of large scales (1:200,000) do not allow a real location of milestones, signs or trails. These problems are related to the differences between the limits established in the declarations of protected areas, with the existing cartography and the real limits in the territory; This generates conflicts, making their management and conservation difficult. At present, with the advancement of technology, it is a matter of correcting inconsistencies in limits when declaring Protected Areas. The main objective of our project was based on the analysis of the change in land use due to the advance of the agricultural frontier, for which a drone was used that allowed obtaining the geographic information and collecting the necessary data for the generation of the map, in addition Favorable weather conditions were prioritized for the flight. PIX4D software was used to process the images obtained. Through the study carried out, it was possible to observe that the Protected Area has a protection zone of 90.43%, thus fulfilling the objectives of the creation of the Protected Area, in terms of the area that is under recovery, it covers 4, 99%, after the generation of this zoning map, it is intended that this area decrease the percentage of surface affected by uncontrolled activities as there is no proper prior zoning

Evolución del contenido total en polifenoles y capacidad antioxidante en hojas de colleja (Silene vulgaris) mínimamente procesadas en fresco

El consumo en fresco de hortalizas foliáceas se está incrementando en los últimos años. Entre ellas se encuentran distintos brotes con gran interés por sus propiedades nutritivas y medicinales como la colleja (Silene vulgaris). En particular tiene gran poder antioxidante debido fundamentalmente a su contenido en polifenoles por lo que su consumo regular como parte de ensaladas puede resultar beneficioso para la salud. Sin embargo, apenas existe información relevante sobre la evolución de su calidad y de sus principales compuestos bioactivos en la postrecolección. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue conocer la evolución del contenido total en compuestos fenólicos y de la capacidad antioxidante total de cuatro variedades experimentales de colleja cultivadas con la técnica de bandejas flotantes. Tras su cosecha manual, los brotes se procesaron en fresco y se envasaron en atmósfera modificada pasiva empleando tarrinas termoselladas en los bordes con un polipropileno de 35 μm. Los envases se almacenaron hasta 22 días a 5ºC y se evaluó la calidad a los 7, 14 y 22 días de conservación. La atmósfera de equilibrio en todos los casos se situó en 6-10 kPa O2 y 10-14 kPa CO2. El contenido inicial en compuestos fenólicos totales fue de 60 a 80 mg ác. clorogénico eq 100g-1 pf para las variedades 01-309 y 04-403 mientras que fue de 20 a 40 mg ácido clorogénico eq 100g-1 pf para las 02-255 y 04-404. La tendencia durante la comercialización fue de preservar el contenido inicial en la variedad 01-309 mientras que en el resto de variedades se detectaron ligeros ascensos. Sin embargo, al analizar la evolución de la capacidad antioxidante total durante la comercialización de las cuatro variedades se produjo una reducción (hasta más del 50%) frente a un contenido medio inicial que osciló entre 25,2 y 54,5 mM ác. ascórbico eq g-1 pf para las variedades 04-404 y 02-255 respectivamente

Clinical Audits in Outpatient Clinics for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Methodological Considerations and Workflow

Objectives: Previous clinical audits for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have provided valuable information on the clinical care delivered to patients admitted to medical wards because of COPD exacerbations. However, clinical audits of COPD in an outpatient setting are scarce and no methodological guidelines are currently available. Based on our previous experience, herein we describe a clinical audit for COPD patients in specialized outpatient clinics with the overall goal of establishing a potential methodological workflow.Methods: A pilot clinical audit of COPD patients referred to respiratory outpatient clinics in the region of Andalusia, Spain (over 8 million inhabitants), was performed. The audit took place between October 2013 and September 2014, and 10 centers (20% of all public hospitals) were invited to participate. Cases with an established diagnosis of COPD based on risk factors, clinical symptoms, and a post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC ratio of less than 0.70 were deemed eligible. The usefulness of formally scheduled regular follow-up visits was assessed. Two different databases (resources and clinical database) were constructed. Assessments were planned over a year divided by 4 three-month periods, with the goal of determining seasonal-related changes. Exacerbations and survival served as the main endpoints.Conclusions: This paper describes a methodological framework for conducting a clinical audit of COPD patients in an outpatient setting. Results from such audits can guide health information systems development and implementation in real-world settings.This study was financially supported by an unrestricted grant from Laboratorios Menarini, SA (Barcelona, Spain)

Updated measurement of decay-time-dependent CP asymmetries in D-0 -> K+ K- and D-0 -> pi(+)pi(-) decays

A search for decay-time-dependent charge-parity (CP) asymmetry in D0 \u2192 K+ K 12 and D0 \u2192 \u3c0+ \u3c0 12 decays is performed at the LHCb experiment using proton-proton collision data recorded at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.4 fb^ 121. The D0 mesons are required to originate from semileptonic decays of b hadrons, such that the charge of the muon identifies the flavor of the neutral D meson at production. The asymmetries in the effective decay widths of D0 and anti-D0 mesons are determined to be A_\u393(K+ K 12) = ( 124.3 \ub1 3.6 \ub1 0.5) 7 10^ 124 and A_\u393(\u3c0+ \u3c0 12) = (2.2 \ub1 7.0 \ub1 0.8) 7 10^ 124 , where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. The results are consistent with CP symmetry and, when combined with previous LHCb results, yield A_\u393(K+ K 12) = ( 124.4 \ub1 2.3 \ub1 0.6) 7 10^ 124 and A_\u393(\u3c0+ \u3c0 12) = (2.5 \ub1 4.3 \ub1 0.7) 7 10^ 124

Updated measurement of decay-time-dependent CP asymmetries in D-0 -> K+ K- and D-0 -> pi(+)pi(-) decays

A search for decay-time-dependent charge-parity (CP) asymmetry in D-0 -> K+ K- and D-0 -> pi(+)pi(-) eff decays is performed at the LHCb experiment using proton-proton collision data recorded at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.4 fb(-1). The D-0 mesons are required to originate from semileptonic decays of b hadrons, such that the charge of the muon identifies the flavor of the neutral D meson at production. The asymmetries in the effective decay widths of D-0 and (D) over bar (0) mesons are determined to be A(Gamma)(K+ K-) = (-4.3 +/- 3.6 +/- 0.5) x 10(-4) and A(Gamma) (K+ K- ) = (2.2 +/- 7.0 +/- 0.8) x 10(-4), where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. The results are consistent with CP symmetry and, when combined with previous LHCb results, yield A(Gamma) (K+ K-) = (-4.4 +/- 2.3 +/- 0.6) x 10(-4) and A(Gamma) (pi(+)pi(-))= (2.5 +/- 4.3 +/- 0.7) x 10(-4)

Weather types, precipitation and soil erosion in the Iberian Peninsula

Trabajo presentado en la EGU General Assembly 2014 (European Geosciences Union), celebrada en Viena del 27 de abril al 2 de mayo de 2014.For a long time, precipitation has been recognized as one of the main factors driving soil erosion and sediment yield. In climatology, one of the most common approaches in analyzing precipitation is the circulation of weather types (WTs), which categorize the continuum of atmospheric circulation into a small number of classes or types. In the Iberian Peninsula (IP), previous researches have demonstrated the usefulness of the WT approach in determining the behavior of rainfall, and its spatial and temporal distribution. These studies have shown that specific weather types are the main driven factors of precipitation distribution accordingly different areas, and shown that precipitations depends on more WTs to the west than to the east of the IP. In this study, we present an analysis of weather types and sediment yield data from different study areas in the Iberian Peninsula. To do that we have collected and joint different research groups spread along the national Spanish land, and combine different databases with the WT classification calculated using the NMC/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project. We discuss two main hypotheses: (i) there exist some links between weather types and soil erosion in the Iberian Peninsula, and then (ii) spatial patterns of sediment yield and erosion would be emerged in the Iberian Peninsula accordingly the spatial distribution of the relationship between WTs and sedimentary processes. This pioneer research, with different areas across the Iberian Peninsula will be a valuable tool in understanding the relationships between weather types, precipitation and soil erosion dynamics.N

Guideline Adherence in Outpatient Clinics for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Results from a Clinical Audit.

Journal ArticleOBJECTIVES Previous clinical audits of COPD have provided relevant information about medical intervention in exacerbation admissions. The present study aims to evaluate adherence to current guidelines in COPD through a clinical audit. METHODS This is a pilot clinical audit performed in hospital outpatient respiratory clinics in Andalusia, Spain (eight provinces with more than 8 million inhabitants), including 9 centers (20% of the public centers in the area) between 2013 and 2014. Cases with an established diagnosis of COPD based on risk factors, clinical symptoms, and a post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC ratio of less than 0.70 were deemed eligible. The performance of the outpatient clinics was benchmarked against three guidance documents available at the time of the audit. The appropriateness of the performance was categorized as excellent (>80%), good (60-80%), adequate (40-59%), inadequate (20-39%), and highly inadequate (<20%). RESULTS During the audit, 621 clinical records were audited. Adherence to the different guidelines presented a considerable variability among the different participating hospitals, with an excellent or good adherence for symptom recording, MRC or CAT use, smoking status evaluation, spirometry, or bronchodilation therapy. The most outstanding areas for improvement were the use of the BODE index, the monitoring of treatments, the determination of alpha1-antitrypsin, the performance of exercise testing, and vaccination recommendations. CONCLUSIONS The present study reflects the situation of clinical care for COPD patients in specialized secondary care outpatient clinics. Adherence to clinical guidelines shows considerable variability in outpatient clinics managing COPD patients, and some aspects of the clinical care can clearly be improved.This study was financially supported by an unrestricted grant from Laboratorios Menarini, SA (Barcelona, Spain).Ye

Determinants for changing the treatment of COPD: a regression analysis from a clinical audit.

Journal Article;INTRODUCTION This study is an analysis of a pilot COPD clinical audit that evaluated adherence to guidelines for patients with COPD in a stable disease phase during a routine visit in specialized secondary care outpatient clinics in order to identify the variables associated with the decision to step-up or step-down pharmacological treatment. METHODS This study was a pilot clinical audit performed at hospital outpatient respiratory clinics in the region of Andalusia, Spain (eight provinces with over eight million inhabitants), in which 20% of centers in the area (catchment population 3,143,086 inhabitants) were invited to participate. Treatment changes were evaluated in terms of the number of prescribed medications and were classified as step-up, step-down, or no change. Three backward stepwise binominal multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to evaluate variables associated with stepping up, stepping down, and inhaled corticosteroids discontinuation. RESULTS The present analysis evaluated 565 clinical records (91%) of the complete audit. Of those records, 366 (64.8%) cases saw no change in pharmacological treatment, while 99 patients (17.5%) had an increase in the number of drugs, 55 (9.7%) had a decrease in the number of drugs, and 45 (8.0%) noted a change to other medication for a similar therapeutic scheme. Exacerbations were the main factor in stepping up treatment, as were the symptoms themselves. In contrast, rather than symptoms, doctors used forced expiratory volume in 1 second and previous treatment with long-term antibiotics or inhaled corticosteroids as the key determinants to stepping down treatment. CONCLUSION The majority of doctors did not change the prescription. When changes were made, a number of related factors were noted. Future trials must evaluate whether these therapeutic changes impact clinically relevant outcomes at follow-up.This study was financially supported by an unrestricted grant from Laboratorios Menarini, SA (Barcelona, Spain).Ye

Seasonal variability in clinical care of COPD outpatients: results from the Andalusian COPD audit

OBJECTIVES: Clinical practice in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can be influenced by weather variability throughout the year. To explore the hypothesis of seasonal variability in clinical practice, the present study analyzes the results of the 2013-2014 Andalusian COPD audit with regard to changes in clinical practice according to the different seasons. METHODS: The Andalusian COPD audit was a pilot clinical project conducted from October 2013 to September 2014 in outpatient respiratory clinics of hospitals in Andalusia, Spain (8 provinces with more than 8 million inhabitants) with retrospective data gathering. For the present analysis, astronomical seasons in the Northern Hemisphere were used as reference. Bivariate associations between the different COPD guidelines and the clinical practice changes over the seasons were explored by using binomial multivariate logistic regression analysis with age, sex, Charlson comorbidity index, type of hospital, and COPD severity by forced expiratory volume in 1 second as covariates, and were expressed as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: The Andalusian COPD audit included 621 clinical records from 9 hospitals. After adjusting for covariates, only inhaler device satisfaction evaluation was found to significantly differ according to the seasons with an increase in winter (OR, 3.460; 95% CI, 1.469-8.151), spring (OR, 4.215; 95% CI, 1.814-9.793), and summer (OR, 3.371; 95% CI, 1.391-8.169) compared to that in autumn. The rest of the observed differences were not significant after adjusting for covariates. However, compliance with evaluating inhaler satisfaction was low. CONCLUSION: The various aspects of clinical practice for COPD care were found to be quite homogeneous throughout the year for the variables evaluated. Inhaler satisfaction evaluation, however, presented some significant variation during the year. Inhaler device satisfaction should be evaluated during all clinical visits throughout the year for improved COPD management.This study was funded by an unrestricted grant from Menarini, SpainYe

Guidelines statements used for benchmarking non-pharmacological therapeutic options.

<p>GOLD 2013: Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease 2013 [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0141856#pone.0141856.ref019" target="_blank">19</a>].</p><p>SEPAR 2009: SEPAR Health-Care Quality Standards 2009 [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0141856#pone.0141856.ref021" target="_blank">21</a>].</p><p>GesEPOC 2012: Spanish National Guidelines for COPD [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0141856#pone.0141856.ref022" target="_blank">22</a>].</p><p>Guidelines statements used for benchmarking non-pharmacological therapeutic options.</p