Biomechanical analysis of the 10km-run in a triathlon world cup event: differences presented by women gold meda

In most of the triathlon races, the 10km-run is critical to win and, just a few seconds, may separate the gold and the silver medal. To our best knowledge, no study has analyzed the biomechanical differences among the first qualified triathletes during a top-level competition. The aims of the present study were: (1) to examine the different responses to the previous cycling between the gold medal and the other participants, and (2) to compare the biomechanical profiles during the 10km-run presented by the top-ranked triathletes. 16 women, participants at Madrid 2008 Triathlon World Cup, were analyzed. The first qualified triathlete (gold medal) showed significant differences (p < 0.05) with the other participants in many of the analyzed variables. A higher stride length, a smaller stride frequency, a higher and more consistent horizontal distance hip- toe cap and a more extended knee angle of the support-leg at toe-off could explain the differences in 10km-run time between gold medal and the other participant

Legalidad del Principio de Oportunidad en el Sistema Penal Acusatorio, 2015

The opportunity principle, developed in Colombia through Criminal Adversarial System (Law 906, 2004), which in 2009 became a reform related to the principle of opportunity, which states: the Attorney General's Office in the investigation or at trial, even before the adjudication hearing, suspend, terminate or waive criminal prosecution. Under regulations issued by the Attorney General's Office and subject to judicial review before the Judge of Warranties (Law 1312, 2009. Article 323). This legal form has not been as efficient in order to avoid congestion in the offices and curb prison overcrowding. It is concluded that the legality of this legal concept is more symbolic than factual, as might compel the prosecution to investigate whether the Law 906/04 gives you full discretion in their actions, including against the guiding principles of the Penal Code and the substantial terms of the punitive doctrine; We are facing some changes that distort the philosophy of criminal law.El Principio de Oportunidad, desarrollado en Colombia a través del Sistema Penal Acusatorio (Ley 906, 2004), que en el año 2009 se hizo una reforma relacionada con el principio de oportunidad, que expresa: la Fiscalía General de la Nación en la investigación o en el juicio, hasta antes de la audiencia de juzgamiento, podrá suspender, interrumpir o renunciar a la persecución penal. Bajo reglamentación expedida por el Fiscal General de la Nación y sometido a control de legalidad ante el Juez de Garantías (Ley 1312, 2009. Artículo 323). Esta figura jurídica no ha sido tan eficiente en para evitar la congestión en los despachos y frenar el hacinamiento penitenciario. Se concluye que el control de Legalidad a esta figura jurídica es más simbolica que factica, como se podria obligar a la Fiscalia a investigar si la Ley 906/04 le dá plena discrecionalidad en su accionar, inclusive contra los principios rectores del Código Penal y la materia sustancial de la doctrina punitiva; estamos frente a unas modificaciones que desvirtuan la filosofia del Derecho Penal

Temporal activity in particular segments and transitions in the Olympic Triathlon

P. 87-95El triatlón olímpico es un deporte de resistencia combinada. Incluye natación espalda con espalda, ciclismo, carrera y la transición entre eventos (T1 y T2). El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar la posible relación entre el Tiempo perdido T1 y T2 y el rendimiento general. Los resultados mostraron que los porcentajes de tiempo total correspondientes a cada parte de la carrera fueron: 16.2% para natación, 0.74% para la transición de natación y ciclismo (T1), 53.07% para ciclismo, 0.47% para la transición de ciclismo y carrera (T2 ) y el 29,5% para correr. Las correlaciones entre cada parte de la carrera y la ubicación final fueron: r = 0.36 para nadar, r = 0.25 para T1, r = 0.62 para el ciclismo, r = 0.33 para T2 y r = 0.83 para la carrera. Además, los valores de r = 0.34 & r = 0.43 se obtuvieron para Tiempo perdido T1 y Tiempo perdido T2, respectivamente. En conclusión, se ha demostrado que perder menos tiempo durante T2 está relacionado con la obtención de un mejor resultado finalS

El proceso de innovación en el sector forestal cubano y su contribución a la economía nacional

Research with a sectoral focus, centered on problems associated with the generation of scientific-technical knowledge as an essential element within the systems of innovation and technological diffusion, are of strategic importance for the country's socioeconomic development, where the contribution of the forestry sector plays a relevant role. This paper aimed to analyze the impact of the innovation process on the performance of the Cuban forestry sector and its contribution to the National Economy through the analysis of macroeconomic indicators employment, value added as a contribution to GDP and trade. Theoretical and empirical methods, such as analysis and synthesis, inductive-deductive, documentary analysis, interviews and analysis of social networks; through the UNICET and NETDRAW 6.0 software were used. The core results were the study of the contribution of the sector to the national economy in the period 2000-2016 and the diagnosis of the process of innovation in it, to perform a critical analysis of the main characteristics identified as the interrelations between the actors and the high degree of concentration in the production of low added value, an issue that affects the structural deformation of its trade external market characterized by low diversification of products and business partners. Those results serves as an essential reference for the design and implementation of policies and strategies, regarding the innovative performance of the sector and its contribution to the socioeconomic development of the country with a view to the year 2030.Las investigaciones, con enfoque sectorial, centradas en problemas asociados a la generación del conocimiento científico-técnico como elemento esencial dentro de los sistemas de innovación y difusión tecnológica, resultan de importancia estratégica para el desarrollo socioeconómico del país, donde la contribución del sector forestal juega un rol relevante. La presente investigación tiene como propósito analizar el impacto del proceso de innovación en el desempeño del sector forestal cubano y su contribución a la economía nacional, a través del análisis de los indicadores macroeconómicos (empleo), valor agregado como aporte al Producto Interno Bruto y comercio. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos y empíricos, tales como: análisis y síntesis, inductivo-deductivo, análisis documental, entrevistas y el análisis de redes sociales, a través del software UNICET y NETDRAW 6.0. Como principales resultados se obtuvieron: la contribución del sector a la economía nacional en el periodo 2000-2016 y el diagnóstico del proceso de innovación en el mismo, a partir de lo cual se analizaron críticamente las principales características identificadas como las interrelaciones entre los actores y el alto grado de concentración en la producción de bajo valor agregado, cuestión que incidió en la deformación estructural de su comercio exterior, caracterizado por una baja diversificación de productos y socios comerciales. Lo anterior sirve como referente esencial para el diseño e implementación de políticas y estrategias en cuanto al desempeño innovador del sector y su contribución al desarrollo socioeconómico del país, con vista al año 2030

Pulse sequence and sample formulation optimization for dipolar order mediated 1H-13C cross-polarization

We have recently demonstrated the use of contactless radiofrequency pulse sequences under dissolution-dynamic nuclear polarization conditions as an attractive way of transferring polarization from sensitive 1H spins to insensitive 13C spins with low peak radiofrequency pulse powers and energies via a reservoir of dipolar order. However, many factors remain to be investigated and optimized to enable the full potential of this polarization transfer process. We demonstrate herein the optimization of several key factors by: (i) implementing more efficient shaped radiofrequency pulses; (ii) adapting 13C spin labelling; and (iii) avoiding methyl group relaxation sinks. Experimental demonstrations are presented for the case of [1-13C]sodium acetate and other relevant molecular candidates. By employing the range of approaches set out above, polarization transfer using the dipolar order mediated cross-polarization radiofrequency pulse sequence is improved by factors approaching ∼1.65 compared with previous results. Dipolar order mediated 1H→13C polarization transfer efficiencies reaching ∼76% were achieved using significantly reduced peak radiofrequency pulse powers relative to the performance of highly sophisticated state-of-the-art cross-polarization methods, indicating 13C nuclear spin polarization levels on the order of ∼32.1% after 10 minutes of 1H DNP. The approach does not require extensive pulse sequence optimization procedures and can easily accommodate high concentrations of 13C-labelled molecules

MVA-CoV2-S vaccine candidate confers full protection from SARS-CoV-2 brain infection and damage in susceptible transgenic mice

The protective efficacy of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infection in the brain is yet unclear. Here, in the susceptible transgenic K18-hACE2 mouse model of severe COVID-19 disease, we report a detailed spatiotemporal description of the SARS-CoV-2 infection and replication in different areas of the brain. Remarkably, SARS-CoV-2 brain replication occurs primarily in neurons, producing important neuropathological alterations such as neuronal loss, incipient signs of neuroinflammation, and vascular damage in SARS-CoV-2 infected mice. Notably, one or two doses of a modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) vector expressing the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein (MVA-CoV2-S) conferred full protection against SARS-CoV-2 cerebral infection, preventing virus replication in all areas of the brain and its associated damage. This protection was maintained even after SARS-CoV-2 reinfection. To our knowledge, this is the first study of a COVID-19 vaccine candidate showing 100% efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 brain infection and damage, reinforcing the use of MVA-CoV2-S as a promising vaccine candidate against SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19, worth to move forward into clinical trials.The authors thank the Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA)-Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agrarias (INIA-CSIC) (Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain) for the BSL-3 facilities. SARS-CoV-2 MAD6 virus isolate was kindly provided by José M. Honrubia and Dr. Luis Enjuanes (CNB-CSIC, Madrid, Spain). We also thank to Dr. Konstantin L. Levitsky for excellent technical assistance with the confocal acquisition. We thank the Spanish Research Council (CSIC) and the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN) for continuous support. This research was supported by MCIN/Spanish Research Agency (AEI)/ 10.13039/501100011033 grants: PID2019-105995RB-I00 (J.T.-A. and J.V.), PID2020- 114481RB-I00 (J.G.-A. and M.E.), and PID2019-106410RB-I00 (J.L.-B.). Moreover, this research work was also funded by Red TerCel ISCIII, RD16/0011/0025 (J.T.-A.); Consejería de Salud y Familias, Junta de Andalucía Grant, PECOVID-0078-2020 (R.R.-L. and J.V.); Fondo COVID-19 grant COV20/00151 [Spanish Health Ministry, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)], Fondo Supera COVID-19 (Crue Universidades-Banco Santander) grant and CSIC grant 202120E079 (J.G.-A.); and CSIC grant 2020E84, La CaixaImpulse grant CF01-00008, Ferrovial and MAPFRE donations (M.E.). Additionally, we have also funding from the European Commission-NextGenerationEU, through CSIC's Global Health Platform (PTI Salud Global) (J.G.-A. and M.E.) and the European Research Council (ERC Advanced Grant PRJ201502629) (J.L.-B.).N

Full protection from SARS-CoV-2 brain infection and damage in susceptible transgenic mice conferred by MVA-CoV2-S vaccine candidate

Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 have been shown to be safe and effective but their protective efficacy against infection in the brain is yet unclear. Here, in the susceptible transgenic K18-hACE2 mouse model of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), we report a spatiotemporal description of SARS-CoV-2 infection and replication through the brain. SARS-CoV-2 brain replication occurs primarily in neurons, leading to neuronal loss, signs of glial activation and vascular damage in mice infected with SARS-CoV-2. One or two doses of a modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) vector expressing the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein (MVA-CoV2-S) conferred full protection against SARS-CoV-2 cerebral infection, preventing virus replication in all areas of the brain and its associated damage. This protection was maintained even after SARS-CoV-2 reinfection. These findings further support the use of MVA-CoV2-S as a promising vaccine candidate against SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19.We thank the CSIC and the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation for continuous support. This research was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation/Spanish Research Agency/10.13039/501100011033 grant nos. PID2019-105995RB-I00 (J.J.T.-A. and J.V.), PID2020-114481RB-I00 (J.G.-A. and M.E.), RTI2018-096629-B-I00 (A.P.) and PID2019-106410RB-I00 (J.L.-B.). Moreover, this research was also funded by Red TerCel ISCIII (no. RD16/0011/0025 to J.J.T.-A.), Consejería de Economía, Conocimiento, Empresas y Universidad US-1380891 (to J.J.T.-A. and J.V.), Consejería de Salud y Familias, Junta de Andalucía grant no. PECOVID-0078-2020 (to R.R.-L. and J.V.), Consejería de Educación y Deporte, Junta de Andalucía grant no. PY20_01312 (to A.P.), Fondo COVID-19 grant no. COV20/00151 (Spanish Health Ministry, Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Fondo Supera COVID-19 (Crue Universidades-Banco Santander) grant and CSIC grant no. 202120E079 (J.G.-A.), CSIC grant no. 2020E84, La CaixaImpulse grant no. CF01-00008 and Ferrovial and MAPFRE donations (to M.E.). Additionally, we received funding from the European Commission-NextGenerationEU, through the CSIC’s Global Health Platform (PTI Salud Global) (to J.G.-A. and M.E.) and the European Research Council (ERC Advanced grant no. PRJ201502629) (to J.L.-B.). J.G.-A. and M.E. also acknowledge financial support from the Spanish State Research Agency (no. AEI/10.13039/501100011033) through the ‘Severo Ochoa’ Programme for Centres of Excellence in R&D (nos. SEV-2013-0347 and SEV-2017-0712). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript.Peer reviewe

How to get an efficient swim technique in triathlon?

Both in swimming and triathlon, depending on the event, the athletes have to swim the same distance (1500 meters) but the goal is different. In swimming, the goal is to be the fastest (winning the race). In triathlon, the goal is to make the first group saving as much energy as possible. Thus, the main objective of this manuscript is to find out how coaches can make the athletes to achieve an efficient swim technique that requires less amount of energy during a triathlon competition. The triathletes need to develop a more efficient and economic swim technique by reducing the speed fluctuations within the swim stroke. Basing on the “kayak principle”, there are some strategies they can be adopted during the training sessions to achieve a continue propulsion through the stroke. The use of different drills based on the “feeling of the stroke rhythm” as well as the available equipment, can help to achieve technique that requires less amount of energy to swim at the same pace. However, there are also some considerations to take into account during a normal training session, as other sets, aids or equipment can affect the coordination between arms as well

Autoecología y manejo del caracol rosado: estudio comparativo entre dos reservas marinas del Caribe\ua0

Chetumal, Quintana Roo, México : El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, 2013

Tratamiento de la cefalea con medicina bioenergética y natural

Presentamos un estudio experimental, prospectivo y transversal con pacientes afectados por cefalea que de una forma casual o a sugerencia de otros pacientes se presentaron al departamento de Fisioterapia del Policlínico Ernesto Guevara de la Serna del municipio Sandino, refiriendo que tenían los síntomas característicos de esta afección, generalmente pensaban que se trataban de los signos de hipertensión arterial, no siendo así en la mayoría de los casos. En más de la mitad de los pacientes no se conocía los factores desencadenantes de las crisis. En este estudio contamos con 93 pacientes afectados por cefalea, a los cuales se les efectuó el tratamiento, realizándose tres repeticiones de masaje las que no podían sobrepasar de 5 a 7 minutos. Para este tratamiento el paciente deberá encontrarse debidamente sentado, con la cabeza algo reclinada en el espaldar de la silla, los músculos del rostro estarán relajados, para lo que se recomienda serrar los ojos, descender la mandíbula inferior y mantener la boca semiabierta. El masajista se encontrara de pie detrás del sujeto. Se pudo comprobar que luego de la segunda repetición del tratamiento los pacientes comenzaron a sentir los primeros síntomas de mejoría, prescindiendo así de medicamentos y de otras consultas medicas. No se utilizaron recursos y medios materiales, solo la manipulación del técnico