A társadalompolitika fogalma

A Sozialpolitik (társadalompolitika) fogalmára mindeddig ritkán fordított figyelmet az angol nyelvű irodalom. Cikkünk áttekintést ad az 1873-ban a Verein für Sozialpolitik (Szociálpolitikai Egyesület) megalakulásához vezető angol, amerikai és német irodalomról. E törekvések csúcspontja Otto von Zwiedineck-Südenhorst klasszikus munkája, a Sozialpolitik (1911) volt. E kötet egyik fejezete a Zwiedineck összegyűjtött tanulmányaiból kihagyott Mensch und Wirtschaft elsőként közreadott angol fordítása. A cikk a társadalomra ható problémákra irányuló társadalmi cselekvéssel összefüggésben, a társadalmi célok teljes és szerteágazó megvalósításának eszközeként mutatja be és teszi világossá a Sozialpolitik fogalmát. Mindemellett e célok meghatározása a változások függvénye marad; ezáltal a társadalomtudományok irányadó, tudományos távlatainak integrációjához elméleti alapvetésül szolgál

A framework for results-based management in fisheries

We thank the project consortium and remain grateful to the institutions and stakeholders that made this research possible. The research leading to these results received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme under grant agreement no. 265401 (the EcoFishMan project). This publication reflects the views only of the authors, and the and neither the European Union nor Marine Scotland can be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. We are indebted to Poul Degnbol and two anonymous reviewers for detailed and very constructive feedback and to Melania Borit for contributing to the design of figure 1.Peer reviewedPostprin

Toennies and the Theory of Social Change: A Reconstruction

Obwohl Ferdinand Tönnies selbst eine Theorie des sozialen Wandels nicht verfaßt hat, läßt sich aus seinem Werk unter Zuhilfenahme von Beiträgen der amerikanischen Soziologie (Cooley, Mead, Baldwin) eine solche Theorie rekonstruieren. Dabei ist Tönnies' Unterscheidung von 'reiner' und 'angewandter' Theorie zu beachten. Die von der reinen Theorie ausgearbeiteten Begriffe wie 'Gemeinschaft' und 'Gesellschaft' bezeichnen immer nur Grenztypen, die in der Wirklichkeit niemals rein, sondern nur in Kombinationen und fließenden Übergängen vorzufinden sind. Unter dieser Voraussetzung ist nach Tönnies der Wandel der westlichen Gesellschaften in der Tat als eine Entwicklung von eher 'gemeinschaftlichen' Formen des sozialen Lebens, in denen der auf gemeinsame Erfahrungen und Empfindungen gegründete 'Wesenswille' dominiert, zu eher 'gesellschaftlichen' Formen anzusehen, in denen der auf das rationale Zweck-Mittel-Denken gegründete 'Kürwille' dominiert. Je weiter der Vergesellschaftungsprozeß fortschreitet und damit das kürwillige, rationale Denken an Bedeutung gewinnt, desto wichtiger wird der 'verallgemeinerte Andere' als 'Spiegel' des eigenen Handelns für die Orientierung des individuellen Wollens und Denkens. Historisch geht der Anstoß zur Auflösung gemeinschaftlicher Lebensformen vom Warenhandel aus: Der Händler und Kaufmann bringt in die menschlichen Beziehungen das revolutionäre Element der Überlegung und Berechnung. Der geschäftsmäßige Vertrag, der Kontakt, wird die normale und elementare Form der Beziehungen zwischen Menschen. Durch die Ausbreitung von Handel und Verkehr, die zunehmende Arbeitsteilung und Verstädterung werden immer mehr Menschen in diese Lebensform einbezogen.

Werner and Gisella Cahnman Collection 1717-2004 1940-1965

This collection contains material pertaining to the sociologist Werner Cahnman and his wife, the biophysicist Gisella Levi Cahnman. It primarily documents the early years and immigration of Werner Cahnman, as well as his and his wife's careers in the United States. It also illustrates the immigration of family members. Papers in this collection include a large amount of photographs, correspondence, diaries, some writings, official papers, and restitution files.Werner Jacob Cahnmann (later Cahnman) was born in Munich on September 30, 1902 to Sigwart and Hedwig Cahnmann. He had five siblings: Hans, Eva (later Chawa), Fritz (later Fred), Augusta ("Gusti"), and "Lilo" (Lieselotte, later Rachel). Werner Cahnman studied at the universities of Munich and Berlin, taking courses in economics, history, political science, and sociology; his doctoral dissertation on the work of economist David Ricardo was published in 1927, and earned him a Dr. oeconomiae publicae. On the basis of this degree Werner Cahnman would later work as a sociologist in the United States. It was during the interwar years that Werner Cahnman became increasingly involved in Jewish social and political affairs, and in 1930 he was asked to be the Syndikus of the Bavarian branch of the Centralverein deutscher Staatsbürger jüdischen Glaubens (Central Association of German Citizens of Jewish Faith). In November-December 1938 he was incarcerated in the Dachau concentration camp. The following June Werner Cahnman left Germany, first immigrating to England to stay with his cousin Hedwig Ettinghausen, then continuing on to the United States, where he settled in Chicago.After arriving in the United States, Werner Cahnman took part in the American Seminar for Foreign Scholars, sponsored by the American Friends in Wolfsboro, New Hampshire. Werner Cahnman then spent 1940-1943 at the University of Chicago as a visiting doctoral student, where he became acquainted with sociologists such as Robert E. Park and Louis Wirth as well as with Gisella Levi, whom he married in 1943. He also became a part of the editorial board of the journal The Reconstructionist, to which he often contributed articles. Much of his time during these years was also spent assisting his family members in emigrating from Germany; although his siblings found various ways to leave the country, his parents and aunt Clementine Kraemer did not. Sigwart Cahnmann died in 1941 in Munich, while his aunt was deported to Theresienstadt and his mother died in Poland.Werner Cahnman spent the next several years as a visiting professor or lecturer at various universities, including Fisk University, Vanderbilt University, Atlanta University, Brooklyn College, Hunter College, Yeshiva University, and the New School for Social Research. Finally he joined Rutgers University through the efforts of Joseph Maier, where Werner Cahnman taught from 1961 until becoming professor emeritus eight years later. From 1969-1970 he taught as a visiting professor at the Institute of Sociology at the University of Munich under the Fulbright program. Werner Cahnman died in New York in 1980.Gisella Levi was born in Torino (Turin), Italy in 1910. She earned a Ph.D. in mathematics and physics from the University of Torino in 1934. After her immigration to the United States, she held a variety of positions at health and research institutions, such as the Sloan Kettering Institute. She died in 2003.digitize