Implications of BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutations in Mexico

BRCA 1 or BRCA 2 mutations have played a role in understanding its risk for several different cancer like breast, ovarian, prostate, and pancreatic cancer Knowing that biology is king, and its determination plays a role in prognosis for patients with cancer. Several recommendations have been made focusing on which population should have BRCA mutational status determined. This determination could help seek targeted therapy that could have a beneficial impact on cancer patients. Having this said, efforts have been made to determine if our Mexican population has the same prognosis when BRCA mutation is present when compared to global reports. As well as researching founder mutations that could help understand our Mexican population. This chapter seeks to describe and analysis this current scenario in Mexican population with BRCA mutation

Sustainable carbon-based nickel catalysts for the steam reforming of model compounds of pyrolysis liquids

Steam reforming of biomass-derived pyrolysis liquids (bio-oil) to produce hydrogen with carbon-based Ni catalysts is gaining attention due to their advantages in terms of cost, sustainability and activity. However, the catalytic activity at long times on stream is compromised by either coke deposition or gasification of the support. To face these drawbacks, two activated carbons have been studied as Ni catalyst support: a microporous carbon of high purity and a mesoporous carbon with phosphorus surface groups. The activity and long-term stability of these catalysts have been studied for the steam reforming of model compounds of bio-oil. The microporous support provided a slightly higher H2 production and lower contribution of methanation reaction. However, gasification of this support after 20 h led to a decline in the activity, and massive formation of carbon nanotubes and coke. Nevertheless, the resulting material maintained an outstanding stability with high and stable H2/CO ratio for 50 h. The P-containing catalyst showed a remarkable long-term stability, but lower H2/CO ratio. Carbon gasification was less significant in this catalyst due to the presence of surface phosphorus groups, and the generation of nickel phosphides, which hampers the growth of pyrolytic carbon and carbon nanotubes, leading to a superior stabilityThis work was supported by MCIN (PID2022-140844OB-I00) and MCIN and European Union “NextGenerationEU”/PRTR (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) and (TED2021-131324B-C21). Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Malaga ´ / CBUA. P.C-R gratefully acknowledges University of Malaga for the support through a predoctoral grant

Role of phosphorus on activated carbons used as catalytic support in steam reforming of pyrolysis liquids

Hydrogen production from steam reforming (SR) of the liquids resulting from biomass waste pyrolysis with nickel catalysts is a sustainable alternative for decarbonization. Chemical activation with H3PO4 provide activated carbons (ACs) with high surface area and porosity development, improved surface oxidation/gasification resistance and acid character due to the presence of stable surface phosphorus groups. In addition, they can be prepared from the same biomass waste making them sustainable supports for steam reforming Ni catalysts. However, little is known about the role of surface P groups on the activity of nickel. In this work ACs, with different amounts of P, have been used as support for steam reforming Ni catalysts in order to study the effect of P on the catalytic activity and stability. Pistachio shell (PS), a non-edible agroforestry waste, has been used as feedstock for both the preparation of the activated carbons (ACs) and the pyrolysis liquids. P-containing AC was obtained by chemical activation of PS with 3:1 acid to precursor mass ratio and activation temperature of 500 ºC (PS3P sample). The amount of surface P in PS3P was partially decreased by hydrogen treatment at 600 ºC for 4 h (PSLP sample). P-free AC was also prepared by CO2 physical activation of PS at 800 ºC for 3 h (PSG sample). 10 % wt. Ni nominal loading were supported onto the ACs by the incipient wetness impregnation method with Ni(NO3)2·6H2O and thermal annealing in N2 atmosphere at 700 ºC for 2 h. The resulting catalysts have been evaluated on SR of a mixture of oxygenated hydrocarbons (ethanol, acetone and acetic acid) usually found in pyrolysis liquids. Each of them was fed with a 0.75 % volume concentration, while the steam to carbon ratio was set on the stoichiometric value. The reaction was carried out in a fixed bed tubular reactor at a temperature ranging from 500 to 800 °C and using a space time of 50 gcat·s·mmol-1.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. Los autores agradecen al MICCIN (RTI2018-097555-B-100) por la ayuda financiera

Evaluación de la utilización de herceptin® (traztuzumab) como tratamiento adyuvante de cáncer de mama tipo her2 en el centro oncológico estatal del ISSEMYM

capitulo de librolidad en el centro oncológico ISSEMyM, durante el año 2007 y primer semestre de 2008, corresponden principalmente a tumor maligno de mama, tumor maligno de ovario, tumor maligno de cérvix y tumor malig- no de próstata. Los medicamentos más utilizados en el área de quimioterapia durante el año 2007 al 15 de septiembre de 2008 en el centro oncológico esta- tal ISSEMyM fueron: en primer lugar cisplatino, seguido del fluoracilo, el carboplatino ocupa el tercer lugar y docetaxel en cuarto; el trastuzumab (Herceptin®) ocupó el lugar décimo tercero en esta lista. En cuanto a la caracterización de la muestro objeto de estudio, los pa- cientes que en mayor proporción recibieron la prescripción de Hercep- tin® fueron los del grupo etáreo 2 (pacientes de entre 41 a 50 años) en un 42.55%, el género femenino predominó con un 100% y el 38.29% de la población analizada fue prescrita con monoterapia, predominando la politerapia con Herceptin® – Docetaxel con el 40.42%. El 53.19 % de la prescripción fue inadecuada. Un análisis bivariado mos- tró que la dosis, el intervalo de dosificación y el tiempo de infusión son factores que están relacionados significativamente con la presencia de una utilización inadecuada (P < 0.05).conacy

Ecuador libre de transgénicos: un enfoque desde la perspectiva agroecológica y jurídica

&nbsp; In the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), there is a growth in the implementation of transgenic crops, with the aim of boosting their economies and improving the yield of their plantations. For this reason, the aim of this research was to analyses the agroecological and legal perspectives of Ecuador in relation to the possible planting, production and commercialization of transgenic crops in the country, evaluating two fundamental aspects: conflicts in relation to the issue and the possible consequences for agrobiodiversity and food sovereignty. By means of a narrative bibliographic review and the laws of Ecuador that regulate the issue. The analysis shows that the country's legal position prohibits the implementation of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), with the exception of the executive mandate authorized by the legislature. The fact that their consumption is not prohibited or regulated causes legal disputes in this context. Agroecology thus sees GMOs as harmful, in contrast to agribusiness, which sees them as an alternative for the future of the world's food supply. It is concluded that, although the implementation of GMOs through transgenesis is more profitable, the population in LAC is resilient to their consumption. Poor management can directly or indirectly have adverse consequences for the environment and agrobiodiversity, which is why their use should be regulated in order to avoid the degradation of ecosystems when planting, production and commercialization are implemented. &nbsp; Keywords: Plant Ecology; Genetically Modified Organisms; Environmental policy; Food Security.&nbsp; En los países de América Latina y el Caribe (LAC), existe un crecimiento en la implementación de cultivos transgénicos, con el fin de potenciar sus economías y mejorar el rendimiento de sus plantaciones. Por ello, el objetivo de la presente investigación fue realizar un análisis de las perspectivas: agroecológica y jurídica de Ecuador, ante la posible siembra, producción y comercialización de cultivos transgénicos en el país, evaluando dos aspectos fundamentales: conflictos con relación a la temática y las posibles consecuencias que produciría a la agrobiodiversidad y la soberanía alimentaria. Por medio, una revisión bibliográfica narrativa y las leyes de Ecuador que regulan la temática. Del análisis realizado se indica que la posición jurídica del país prohíbe la implementación de organismos genéticamente modificados (GMOs), a excepción del mandado ejecutivo autorizado por el legislativo. Que su consumo no esté prohibido o normado causa pugnas jurídicas en este marco contextual. La agroecología así considera perniciosos a los GMOs a diferencia de la agroindustria que lo considera una alternativa para el futuro de la alimentación mundial. Se concluye que, aunque con la implementación de GMOs por transgénesis se obtiene mayor rentabilidad, siendo la población resiliente a su consumo en LAC. El mal manejo puede traer consecuencias adversas de manera directa o indirecta al ambiente y agrobiodiversidad, por ello se debería en el caso de implementar su siembra, producción y comercialización normar su uso para evitar la degradación de los ecosistemas. &nbsp; Palabras clave: Fitoecología; Organismo Modificado Genéticamente; Política Ambiental; Seguridad Alimentaria

Reformado con vapor de compuestos modelos de líquidos de pirólisis empleando catalizadores de Ni soportados sobre carbones activados.

Los líquidos generados en la pirólisis de residuos biomásicos pueden ser revalorizados para la obtención de hidrógeno renovable mediante su reformado con vapor de agua. El uso de soportes carbonosos para la preparación de los catalizadores de níquel habitualmente empleados en esta reacción mejoraría la sostenibilidad del proceso, presentando como ventajas adicionales su mayor porosidad, área específica y química superficial modulable. Un inconveniente de estos soportes es su tendencia a sufrir gasificación cuando se añade agua en exceso estequiométrico para favorecer la reacción de water gas shift. Se sabe que la presencia de grupos de P dota de mayor resistencia a la oxidación a los carbones activos. En este trabajo se propone estudiar el uso de materiales carbonosos activados física o químicamente a partir de cáscara de pistacho como soporte de catalizadores de níquel en la reacción de reformado con vapor de compuestos modelo de líquidos de pirólisis, analizando el efecto de los grupos de P en su actividad catalítica y estabilidad.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Accuracy and Survival Outcomes after National Implementation of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Early Stage Endometrial Cancer

Background. Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy has recently been accepted to evaluate nodal status in endometrial cancer at early stage, which is key to tailoring adjuvant treatments. Our aim was to evaluate the national implementation of SLN biopsy in terms of accuracy to detect nodal disease in a clinical setting and oncologic outcomes according to the volume of nodal disease. Patients and Methods. A total of 29 Spanish centers participated in this retrospective, multicenter registry including patients with endometrial adenocarcinoma at preoperative early stage who had undergone SLN biopsy between 2015 and 2021. Each center collected data regarding demographic, clinical, histologic, therapeutic, and survival characteristics. Results. A total of 892 patients were enrolled. After the surgery, 12.9% were suprastaged to FIGO 2009 stages III-IV and 108 patients (12.1%) had nodal involvement: 54.6% macrometastasis, 22.2% micrometastases, and 23.1% isolated tumor cells (ITC). Sensitivity of SLN biopsy was 93.7% and false negative rate was 6.2%. After a median follow up of 1.81 years, overall surivial and disease-free survival were significantly lower in patients who had macrometastases when compared with patients with negative nodes, micrometastases or ITC. Conclusions. In our nationwide cohort we obtained high sensitivity of SLN biopsy to detect nodal disease. The oncologic outcomes of patients with negative nodes and low-volume disease were similar after tailoring adjuvant treatments. In total, 22% of patients with macrometastasis and 50% of patients with micrometastasis were at low risk of nodal metastasis according to their preoperative risk factors, revealing the importance of SLN biopsy in the surgical management of patients with early stage EC

Durvalumab Plus Carboplatin/Paclitaxel Followed by Maintenance Durvalumab With or Without Olaparib as First-Line Treatment for Advanced Endometrial Cancer: The Phase III DUO-E Trial

PURPOSE Immunotherapy and chemotherapy combinations have shown activity in endometrial cancer, with greater benefit in mismatch repair (MMR)-deficient (dMMR) than MMR-proficient (pMMR) disease. Adding a poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor may improve outcomes, especially in pMMR disease. METHODS This phase III, global, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial randomly assigned eligible patients with newly diagnosed advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer 1:1:1 to: carboplatin/paclitaxel plus durvalumab placebo followed by placebo maintenance (control arm); carboplatin/paclitaxel plus durvalumab followed by maintenance durvalumab plus olaparib placebo (durvalumab arm); or carboplatin/paclitaxel plus durvalumab followed by maintenance durvalumab plus olaparib (durvalumab + olaparib arm). The primary end points were progression-free survival (PFS) in the durvalumab arm versus control and the durvalumab + olaparib arm versus control. RESULTS Seven hundred eighteen patients were randomly assigned. In the intention-to-treat population, statistically significant PFS benefit was observed in the durvalumab (hazard ratio [HR], 0.71 [95% CI, 0.57 to 0.89]; P = .003) and durvalumab + olaparib arms (HR, 0.55 [95% CI, 0.43 to 0.69]; P < .0001) versus control. Prespecified, exploratory subgroup analyses showed PFS benefit in dMMR (HR [durvalumab v control], 0.42 [95% CI, 0.22 to 0.80]; HR [durvalumab + olaparib v control], 0.41 [95% CI, 0.21 to 0.75]) and pMMR subgroups (HR [durvalumab v control], 0.77 [95% CI, 0.60 to 0.97]; HR [durvalumab + olaparib v control] 0.57; [95% CI, 0.44 to 0.73]); and in PD-L1-positive subgroups (HR [durvalumab v control], 0.63 [95% CI, 0.48 to 0.83]; HR [durvalumab + olaparib v control], 0.42 [95% CI, 0.31 to 0.57]). Interim overall survival results (maturity approximately 28%) were supportive of the primary outcomes (durvalumab v control: HR, 0.77 [95% CI, 0.56 to 1.07]; P = .120; durvalumab + olaparib v control: HR, 0.59 [95% CI, 0.42 to 0.83]; P = .003). The safety profiles of the experimental arms were generally consistent with individual agents. CONCLUSION Carboplatin/paclitaxel plus durvalumab followed by maintenance durvalumab with or without olaparib demonstrated a statistically significant and clinically meaningful PFS benefit in patients with advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer

A922 Sequential measurement of 1 hour creatinine clearance (1-CRCL) in critically ill patients at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI)

Meeting abstrac