Impacts of the Tropical Pacific/Indian Oceans on the Seasonal Cycle of the West African Monsoon

The current consensus is that drought has developed in the Sahel during the second half of the twentieth century as a result of remote effects of oceanic anomalies amplified by local land–atmosphere interactions. This paper focuses on the impacts of oceanic anomalies upon West African climate and specifically aims to identify those from SST anomalies in the Pacific/Indian Oceans during spring and summer seasons, when they were significant. Idealized sensitivity experiments are performed with four atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs). The prescribed SST patterns used in the AGCMs are based on the leading mode of covariability between SST anomalies over the Pacific/Indian Oceans and summer rainfall over West Africa. The results show that such oceanic anomalies in the Pacific/Indian Ocean lead to a northward shift of an anomalous dry belt from the Gulf of Guinea to the Sahel as the season advances. In the Sahel, the magnitude of rainfall anomalies is comparable to that obtained by other authors using SST anomalies confined to the proximity of the Atlantic Ocean. The mechanism connecting the Pacific/Indian SST anomalies with West African rainfall has a strong seasonal cycle. In spring (May and June), anomalous subsidence develops over both the Maritime Continent and the equatorial Atlantic in response to the enhanced equatorial heating. Precipitation increases over continental West Africa in association with stronger zonal convergence of moisture. In addition, precipitation decreases over the Gulf of Guinea. During the monsoon peak (July and August), the SST anomalies move westward over the equatorial Pacific and the two regions where subsidence occurred earlier in the seasons merge over West Africa. The monsoon weakens and rainfall decreases over the Sahel, especially in August.Peer reviewe

Discutindo a educação ambiental no cotidiano escolar: desenvolvimento de projetos na escola formação inicial e continuada de professores

A presente pesquisa buscou discutir como a Educação Ambiental (EA) vem sendo trabalhada, no Ensino Fundamental e como os docentes desta escola compreendem e vem inserindo a EA no cotidiano escolar., em uma escola estadual do município de Tangará da Serra/MT, Brasil. Para tanto, realizou-se entrevistas com os professores que fazem parte de um projeto interdisciplinar de EA na escola pesquisada. Verificou-se que o projeto da escola não vem conseguindo alcançar os objetivos propostos por: desconhecimento do mesmo, pelos professores; formação deficiente dos professores, não entendimento da EA como processo de ensino-aprendizagem, falta de recursos didáticos, planejamento inadequado das atividades. A partir dessa constatação, procurou-se debater a impossibilidade de tratar do tema fora do trabalho interdisciplinar, bem como, e principalmente, a importância de um estudo mais aprofundado de EA, vinculando teoria e prática, tanto na formação docente, como em projetos escolares, a fim de fugir do tradicional vínculo “EA e ecologia, lixo e horta”.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

Clinical and microbiological description of the bacterial population found on patients admitted with firearm wounds and wounds caused by landmines at the Hospital Militar Central.

Introduccion: Realizar la descripción clínica y microbiológica de la flora bacteriana de los pacientes atendidos con Heridas por Arma de Fragmentación y Heridas por Proyectil de Arma de Fuego en el Hospital Militar Central. Metodologia: En un estudio observacional retrospectivo tipo serie de casos realizado entre enero de 2012 y Diciembre de 2014 en el Hospital Militar Central de Bogotá. Resultados: Se trataron 126 pacientes con heridas por arma de fuego, por armas de fragmentación y por minas antipersona, en conjunto con el servicio de infectología. A todos los pacientes, con fracturas abiertas de grado III A, B o C, se les ordenó cultivo bacteriológico de hueso y de tejidos blandos y a los gérmenes aislados se les realizó pruebas de sensibilidad microbiana. Se encontró que los microorganismos que con más frecuencia contaminaban las heridas eran Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeuruginosa y Enterobacter faecalis, el 67% de los pacientes presentan más de una bacteria en su aislamiento microbiologico y 53% de estos microrganismos presentan algun patron de resistencia a agentes antimicrobianos de primera eleccion. El 64% de los pacientes con herida por arma de fuego en combate presentan una bacteria Gram positiva (Staphylococcus epidermidis principalmente). Los pacientes que sufrieron un trauma por mina antipersona tienen mayor frecuencia en su aislamiento de Enterococcus faecalis. Nivel de evidencia IV.Introduction: To perform a clinical and microbiological description of the bacterial population found on the patients admitted with firearm wounds and wounds caused by landmines at the hospital militar central. Methodology: It’s a observational, retrospective study, case report type, performed between january 2012 and december 2014 at the hospital militar central, Bogota, Colombia. Results: 126 patients were treated with wounds caused by fire gun, fragmentation weapons and landmines, in collaboration with the Infectology department. all patients with open fractures type A, B or C, were ordered bacteriological cultures of bone and soft tissue and were performed microbiological sensitivity tests. We found that the microorganisms that contaminate the wounds more frequently were Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeuruginosa and Enterobacter faecalis. 67 percent of the patients presented more than one bacteria in their micro bacterial isolation, and 53 percent of the microorganisms presented some sort of resistance to first choice antibiotics. 64 Percent of the patients treated with fire gun wounds presented a gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus epidermidis mainly). The patients admitted with landmine wounds had more frequency of Enterococcus faecalis on their culture

Analysis of Outcomes in Ischemic vs Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation A Report From the GARFIELD-AF Registry

IMPORTANCE Congestive heart failure (CHF) is commonly associated with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF), and their combination may affect treatment strategies and outcomes

Investigating the nature of the K∗0(700) state with π±K0S correlations at the LHC

The first measurements of femtoscopic correlations with the particle pair combinations π±K0S in pp collisions at s√=13 TeV at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) are reported by the ALICE experiment. Using the femtoscopic approach, it is shown that it is possible to study the elusive K∗0(700) particle that has been considered a tetraquark candidate for over forty years. Boson source parameters and final-state interaction parameters are extracted by fitting a model assuming a Gaussian source to the experimentally measured two-particle correlation functions. The final-state interaction is modeled through a resonant scattering amplitude, defined in terms of a mass and a coupling parameter, decaying into a π±K0S pair. The extracted mass and Breit-Wigner width, derived from the coupling parameter, of the final-state interaction are found to be consistent with previous measurements of the K∗0(700). The small value and increasing behavior of the correlation strength with increasing source size support the hypothesis that the K∗0(700) is a four-quark state, i.e. a tetraquark state. This latter trend is also confirmed via a simple geometric model that assumes a tetraquark structure of the K∗0(700) resonance

Investigating the nature of the K0∗(700)^*_0(700) state with π±\pi^\pmKS0^0_{\rm S} correlations at the LHC

International audienceThe first measurements of femtoscopic correlations with the particle pair combinations $\pi^\pm$K$^0_{\rm S}$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) are reported by the ALICE experiment. Using the femtoscopic approach, it is shown that it is possible to study the elusive K$^*_0(700)$ particle that has been considered a tetraquark candidate for over forty years. Boson source parameters and final-state interaction parameters are extracted by fitting a model assuming a Gaussian source to the experimentally measured two-particle correlation functions. The final-state interaction is modeled through a resonant scattering amplitude, defined in terms of a mass and a coupling parameter, decaying into a $\pi^\pm$K$^0_{\rm S}$ pair. The extracted mass and Breit-Wigner width, derived from the coupling parameter, of the final-state interaction are found to be consistent with previous measurements of the K$^*_0(700)$. The small value and increasing behavior of the correlation strength with increasing source size support the hypothesis that the K$^*_0(700)$ is a four-quark state, i.e. a tetraquark state. This latter trend is also confirmed via a simple geometric model that assumes a tetraquark structure of the K$^*_0(700)$ resonance